Pesticidal and pest repellency activities of a plant derived triterpenoid 2α,3β,21β,23,28-penta hydroxyl 12-oleanene against Tribolium castaneum

Background

Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is a major pest of stored grain-based products, and cause severe damage to cereal grains throughout the world. The present investigation was aimed to determine the pesticidal and pest repellent activities of 2α,3β,21β,23,28-penta hydroxyl 12-oleanene against T. castaneum. The compound 2α,3β,21β,23,28-penta hydroxyl 12-oleanene is a triterpenoid which was isolated from the roots of Laportea crenulata Gaud. Surface film technique was used for pesticidal screening, whereas, pest repellency property of the triterpenoid was determined by filter paper disc method.

Results

At 24 hours of exposure duration, significant mortality records (80% and 86%) were observed at doses 0.88 and 1.77 mg/cm². No significant change in mortality records was observed when duration of exposure was increased up to 48 hours. The triterpenoid showed significant repellency activity at doses 0.47 and 0.94 mg/cm².

Conclusion

These data suggest that the triterpenoid 2α,3β,21β,23,28-penta hydroxyl 12-oleanene possess both pesticidal and pest repellency activities against T. castaneum and can be used in controlling the pest of grain-based products.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/0717-6287-47-68) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

低剂量杀虫剂对星豹蛛捕食效应的影响及其机理

探讨低剂量杀虫剂对蜘蛛捕食效应的影响及其生化机理。采用药膜法,测定了低剂量吡虫啉作用下,星豹蛛和甘蓝蚜敏感性、捕食效应以及成蛛体内乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和中肠蛋白消化酶的活力变化。低剂量农药作用下,星豹蛛对甘蓝蚜的功能反应类型为HollingⅡ型,与对照组相比,随着猎物密度的增大星豹蛛的捕食量增加,寻找效应降低,对猎物的处理时间Th缩短,从而增强了对猎物的捕食作用;低剂量农药处理后,星豹蛛体内AChE和GSTs活性均显著低于对照组(P0.05),说明酶活性受到抑制,且抑制作用随吡虫啉浓度的增大而加强,随作用时间的延长而减弱;SOD,CAT和中肠蛋白消化酶活性显著增强,与对照组相比存在显著或极显著差异(P0.05),且随吡虫啉浓度增大和作用时间的延长而逐渐降低,最后接近对照组。低剂量杀虫剂作用下,蜘蛛体内AChE活性受到抑制,AChE敏感性降低,对神经递质乙酰胆碱的分解作用下降,使蜘蛛的兴奋性增加;GSTs、SOD、CAT等代谢酶活性发生变化,使蜘蛛的新陈代谢加速,从而刺激捕食;中肠蛋白消化酶的活性增强,提高了对猎物的消化吸收功能。总之,在低剂量杀虫剂作用下,星豹蛛通过外在的捕食行为和体内一系列酶系生理生化反应的综合作用促进蜘蛛对害虫的控制作用。     

Effects of global warming on mosquitoes & mosquito‐borne diseases and the new strategies for mosquito control

Global warming has shortened mosquitoes’ lifecycle period and increased the disease transmission rates by mosquito vectors. We reviewed only three mosquito‐borne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and the Japanese encephalitis. Billions of people get infected with those diseases and millions of people die every year. Although we struggle to find the most effective way to control mosquitoes using various methods (including pesticides), mosquito‐borne diseases are still among the most serious problems being faced. This paper, therefore, reviews the strategies for controlling mosquitoes. The use of pesticides to control mosquitoes might have more negative effects on humans and environments than benefits. Although the development of genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes raises new hopes for effective mosquito control, it will take longer to assess the risks to humans and environments. Furthermore, there has been concern about the possible adverse effects from the release of GM mosquitoes into the environment. The various mosquito traps may not be as effective at controlling only female mosquito populations. Therefore, new strategies for the control of mosquitoes are vital. The smart mosquito counter device was developed by Korean Centre for Disease Control (KCDC) in 2013. The mosquito pest control office is able to set up the appropriate mosquito control strategies by using quantitative mosquito information. The smart device will bring mosquito control in line with modern smart generation technology and the device will also soon be able to identify different mosquito species. This new strategy will change the methods of mosquito control and will provide beneficial effects toward sustainable nature and human health.     

Sublethal neonicotinoid insecticide exposure reduces solitary bee reproductive success

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