广东四片藻鞭毛器的亚微结构和囊壳的形成

本文详细研究了1种海生4条鞭毛的单胞绿藻——广东四片藻鞭毛器的亚微结构和囊壳的形成。4条鞭毛着生于细胞前端凹陷的基部,鞭毛表面覆盖2层鳞片;基体呈纵向平行的“Z”字形排列;具纹纤维连接内外径向排列的两个基体;4个片层状的卵形盘(或称半桥粒(halfdesmosome))微管和纤维物质构成的复合体将鞭毛器和根丝体固着在质膜和囊壳上。根丝体通过两束交叉的微管带与两个邻近的外侧基体相连接。这种连接方式与其它已研究过的四片藻是不同的。囊壳的形成开始于内膜系统,特别是高尔基体。纤维丛和电子密集颗粒在其中合成、修饰,同时由高尔基体衍生的小泡转移到原生质体表面特定的区域,然后经若干步骤接合成完整的囊壳。这个区域与蛋白核的位置相关,表明聚合星状颗粒酶是在蛋白核位点制造或释放的,同时分泌到细胞外。囊壳沿边生长组装与细胞质发育产生特征性的前端鞭毛凹陷同时发生。     

中国蒿属植物比较形态和解剖学研究——(Ⅰ)叶表皮结构

本文通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜,观察国产菊科蒿属2亚属7组30种代表植物成熟叶片的表皮细胞、气孔器、表皮毛的特征和气孔形状、气孔外拱盖及拱盖内缘、角质膜和蜡质纹饰。其中表皮细胞多角(边)形,大小不等,垂周壁平直、弓形,或者表皮细胞形状不规则,大小不等,垂周壁波浪状或波纹状。下表皮均有气孔器,上表皮有或无气孔器,气孔器类型有无规则型。无规则四细胞型、不等细胞型、十字型、横列型和平列型。大多数种类具多细胞单列毛。多细胞双列毛和腺毛仅发现在腺毛蒿组。这些微形态特征在组间存在着某些差异,具有一定的分类学和生态学意义。     

气压治疗仪联合那屈肝素预防剖宫产术后下肢静脉栓塞的临床研究

摘要 目的：探究气压治疗仪联合那屈肝素预防剖宫产术后下肢静脉栓塞（DVT）的临床效果。方法：选取2021年1月～2022年8月长沙市妇幼保健院收治的172例剖宫产孕妇,以随机数字表法按1:1比例分为联合组、常规组,各86例。常规组采用那屈肝素预治疗,联合组采用气压治疗仪联合那屈肝素治疗。比较两组DVT发生率;术前、术后5 d凝血功能指标[凝血酶时间（TT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）]、血液流变学指标[全血高切黏度、血浆黏度、全血低切黏度];术前、术后1 d、5 d大小腿腿围;术前、术后1 d、3 d、5 d疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分。结果：联合组DVT发生率3.49%较常规组11.63%低（P＜0.05）;术后5 d联合组PT、APTT、TT较常规组高,FIB较常规组低（P＜0.05）;术后5 d联合组全血高切黏度、血浆黏度、全血低切黏度较常规组低（P＜0.05）;术后1 d、5 d联合组大小腿腿围较常规组低（P＜0.05）;术后1 d、3 d、5 d联合组VAS评分较常规组低（P＜0.05）。结论：气压治疗仪联合那屈肝素能有效改善剖宫产产妇术后凝血功能及血液流变学,缓解下肢肿胀,减轻术后疼痛,减少DVT的发生。     

Reversible dissociation of the plant golgi apparatus by brefeldin A

Summary— The effects of the drug Brefeldin A, shown to block the translocation of proteins between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus in animal cells, were studied on different plant cell systems. In suspension culture cells and root tissues, the Golgi aparatus was affected by Brefeldin A treatments resulting in distortion and dissociation of the Golgi stacks, coupled with appearance of numerous vesicles in the cytoplasm. This process was reversible. Therefore, Brefeldin A provides a powerful tool with which to study Golgi dynamics and function in plant as well as in animal cells.     

THE FLAGELLAR APPARATUS OF HYMENOMONAS CORONATA (PRYMNESIOPHYTA)1

The ultrastructure of Hymenomonas coronata Mills was reinvestigated to determine the microarchitecture of the flagellar apparatus. Cell morphology and flagellar apparatus structure are very similar to those of Pleurochrysis. Some important variations occur. First, a crystalline root (= compound root) is absent on microtubular root 1. Second, a two-stranded microtubular root emanates at a right angle from microtubular root 2. Third, a fibrous root emanates from the dorsal region between the basal bodies and extends to the cell's right, paralleling microtubular root 3. These similarities and variations in flagellar apparatus characters are discussed in reference to known variations in the Prymnesiophyta.     

DIVISION APPARATUS OF THE CHLOROPLAST IN NANNOCHLORIS BACILLARIS (CHLOROPHYTA)1

Chloroplast division in Nannochloris bacillaris Naumann (Chlorophyta) was examined by electron microscopy after preparation of samples by freeze-substitution. A pair of belts appeared on the surface of the outer and inner envelope membranes at the middle of the chloroplast. These belts seemed to be constructed of thin fibrils that run parallel to the longitudinal direction of the belts. The outer fibrillar belt increased in width as the constriction of the chloroplast advanced. It appears that the fibrillar belt is the division apparatus of the chloroplast. It encircles the chloroplast and finally divides the chloroplast in two as the diameter of the belt decreases.     

Peculiarities of the male urogenital apparatus of two grunt species (Teleostei, Haemulidae)

An unusual testicular structure in the white grunt, Haemulon plumieri , and the French grunt, H. flavolineatum , and a urinary exocrine gland in H. flavolineatum are described. The testes of both species are comprised predominantly of efferent ducts, with spermatogenetic tissue restricted to the gonadal periphery. The epithelial cells of the efferent ducts produce glycogen which may serve a role in the storage and nutrition of sperm. The urinary gland is a male accessory gland thought to be associated with reproduction. The gland is mesonephric in origin and the epithelial cells of the gland produce mucins which may be involved in intraspecific chemical communication.     

Localization of the antigen for the monoclonal antibody ②9F11-B-E4 interspecific cross-reaction in the freshwater triclads

The localization of the antigen for monoclonal antibody 9F11-B-E₄ was clarified by immuno-electron microscopy. The antigens were localized on the mitochondria and Golgi bodies in the male germ cells and on the secretory granules of various glands cells in the penis bulb and subepidermal parenchymal tissue of Phagocata vivida. The results of the interspecific cross-reaction tests with seven other freshwater triclads showed that these secretory granules are species-specific. A positive interspecific reaction was showed with Dugesia (family Dugesiidae), but not with Polycelis within the same family Planariidae which suggests the position of Phagocata within the Planariidae needs to be reassesed.     

DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENETIC PLACEMENT OF BRACTEACOCCUS TEREG (CHLOROPHYCEAE,CHLOROPHYTA) BASED ON 18S RIBOSOMAL RNA GENE SEQUENCE DATA1

Sequence data from the nuclear small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene was obtained for nine strains of Bracteacoccus Tereg, representing at least five morphological species and four distinct geographic locations. These, along with sequence data from two additional chlorophycean taxa, Spongiochloris spongiosa Starr and Ascochloris multinucleata Bold et MacEntee, and 48 published sequences from green algal taxa, were used to determine the phylogenetic placement of Bracteacoccus with respect to other chlorophycean green algae. Results support the monophyly of Bracteacoccus strains, contrasting with patterns observed so far for many other coccoid green algae. The range of variation among Bracteacoccus strains is similar to that of other congeners. Basal body orientation in Bracteacoccus has been interpreted as clockwise; however, the 18S data point to a relationship between Bracteacoccus and taxa with the directly opposed configuration of the flagellar apparatus. No close relationship was found to the multinucleated green coccoids with clockwise orientation of basal bodies, such as Spongiochloris, or to those with parallel basal bodies, such as Spermatozopsis. However, 18S data confirm that the motile and vegetative cells of Bracteacoccus are structurally distinct from the representatives of sphaeroplealean families currently studied. It is premature to reclassify Bracteacoccus until 18S comparisons can be made with additional sphaeroplealean taxa and with algae with similar flagellar structure such as Dictyochloris and Heterochlamydomonas.     

Sexual differences in the Golgi apparatus of rat hepatocytes: three-dimensional analysis

Lipid metabolism takes place in the Golgi apparatus, but at a higher rate in female than in male rats. I therefore examined the Golgi apparatus by morphometric means for differences between the sexes at the light-and electron-microscopic level. The Golgi apparatus was stained in situ by a zinc-iodide-osmium method. The counts of the Golgi apparatus in cross-sections in female hepatocytes by light microscopy were approximately twice that in male hepatocytes. Upon ovariectomy, these counts were greatly reduced but were reestablished after estrogen supplement. To clarify this phenomenon, three-dimensional reconstructions of the Golgi apparatus were produced from electron-microscopic images of serially cut 160-nm sections. The Golgi apparatus of both male and ovariectomized females had the shape of a small ring, whereas it took the form of a large elongated cylinder in normal females and in castrated males after treatment with estrogen. The numerical difference in Golgi apparatus counts by light microscopy of in males and females is, therefore, apparently attributable to the size and shape of the Golgi apparatus, and is controlled by the estrogen level.