测定结肠粘膜菌群变化对大肠癌的早期诊断辅助性的研究

测定结肠粘膜菌群变化对大肠癌的早期诊断辅助性的研究佳木斯医学院附属医院腔镜室佳木斯１５４００２孙玉清佳木斯医学院生理教研室吕密凯佳木斯医学院微生物教研室李丽秋马淑霞杨景云大肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,许多资料表明发病率逐年上升。病因及发病机理不清,有关...     

Altered expression of the xenobiotic transporter P-glycoprotein in liver and liver tumours of mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus from a creosote-contaminated environment

P-glycoproteins (Pgps) are involved in efflux of xenobiotics from drug-resistant cell lines and tumours, and in excretion of toxicants from normal tissues. Recently, investigators have proposed that Pgp activity contributes to resistance or tolerance of certain aquatic species to pollutants. In the present study using immunoblot and immunohistochemical techniques, we found elevation of Pgp in liver and liver tumours of creosote-resistant mummichog from a contaminated site in the Elizabeth River, Virginia. Immunoblots of mummichog liver extracts showed an immunoreactive band at 170 kDa and indicated two- to three-fold elevation of Pgp in livers of resistant fish relative to those from a reference site. Laboratory exposures of reference site fish to a model PAH (3-methylcholanthrene), however, produced no increase in liver Pgp levels as measured by immunoblot. Normal mummichog liver sections showed specific immunohistochemical staining for Pgp on the canalicular surface of hepatocytes. In the majority of hepatic neoplasms we observed a high level of over-expression and altered patterns of Pgp expression. However we did not observe Pgp over-expression in early proliferative lesions. Elevation of Pgp in livers and liver tumoursof these resistant mummichog may contribute to their survival in a heavily contaminated environment.     

肺癌组织中岩藻糖化糖链结构免疫组化研究

Lewis X(Le~x)、唾液酸化的Lewis X(Sialyl Lewis X,SLe~x)和唾液酸化的双岩藻糖Lewis X(Sialyl Dimeric Lewis X,SDLe~x)是细胞表面外侧带α1,3岩藻糖的糖链结构。本文用免疫组化ABC法研究了肺癌原发灶、转移灶和癌旁组织中这三种抗原结构的表达。结果发现这三种抗原在肺癌细胞表面及胞浆中均有不同程度的表达,而在肺癌癌旁组织及正常肺组织中未见表达。有转移的肺癌和(或)低分化肺癌中这三种抗原结构的表达要明显高于未发生转移和高、中分化肺癌中相同抗原结构的表达。其中以SLe~x的表达与肺癌细胞的转移能力和分化程度关系最为密切。另外,肺癌浸润转移的淋巴结中也有Le~x、SLe~x的明显表达和SDLe~x的少量表达,而未被肺癌浸润转移的淋巴结中就没有它们的表达。     

应用原位杂交技术检测鼻咽癌组织中bcl-2基因断裂点

为探讨ｂｃｌ┐２基因断裂与鼻咽癌发生的关系,采用分子原位杂交技术检测４１例鼻咽癌组织ｂｃｌ┐２基因的两个断裂热点。结果显示４１例鼻咽癌发生ｂｃｌ┐２基因断裂有４例,阳性率为９．８％,各组织学分级间无明显差异。鼻咽良性病变为阴性。结果说明ｂｃｌ┐２基因断裂非淋巴瘤的特异性改变,ｂｃｌ┐２基因断裂与鼻咽癌细胞的分化程度和恶性生物学行为间无明显关系,在鼻咽癌发生过程中的作用有限     

鼻息肉与鼻咽癌标本VEGF水平及微血管密度对比及其临床意义

目的:对比研究鼻咽癌和鼻息肉标本中VEGF表达强度及MVD差异,同时分析VEGF、MVD和鼻咽癌临床特征的相关性。方法:纳入我科就诊的鼻咽癌患者57例,鼻息肉患者50例。采用免疫组化SABC法检测癌组织、癌旁组织、及息肉组织中中VEGF蛋白的表达,及MVD强度。分析VEGF、MVD和鼻咽癌患者性别、临床分期、颈部淋巴结转移、远处转移、血清EBV-Ig A阳性、WHO病理分型相关性。统计分析随访结果,对可能影响鼻咽癌预后的因素进行Cox回归模型分析。结果:鼻咽癌组织、鼻咽癌旁组织、鼻息肉组织中VEGF表达、MVD强度具有明显差异(p0.05)。不同鼻咽癌临床分期、是否发生远处转移、不同WHO病理分型和VEGF表达、MVD强度具有明显差异(p0.05)。Cox回归方程显示,远处转移、病理分型、VEGF表达强度是影响鼻咽癌生存的独立危险因素(p0.05)。结论:鼻咽癌高表达VEGF,促进新生血管,形成高密度微小血管,和鼻咽癌远处转移密切相关,降低其生存率。     

PTGS2 (COX-2) −765 G > C functional promoter polymorphism and its association with risk and lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins that has been shown to have a particular importance in the progression of several malignancies including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In the current report, we designed a case-controlled study to evaluate the susceptibility and prognostic implications of the functional −765 G > C genetic variation in NPC. A PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to determine the polymorphism in a Tunisian population of patients with NPC (n = 180) and in healthy control subjects (n = 169). A higher risk for NPC was observed for carriers of COX-2 −765 C allele (OR = 1.76; P = 0.01). This association remains significant after adjustments for age and sex (OR = 1.89; P = 0.008). Regarding prognostic indicators, a significant association was found between −765 C allele carriers and the presence of lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.28; P = 0.01), as well as, with tumor stage (OR = 2.73; P = 0.03). This is the first report on the studies of COX-2 SNPs in NPC and our data suggest that this genetic variant may play a role in mediating susceptibility to NPC, as well as, in neoplastic progression, a finding which further supports the involvement of COX-2 in NPC etiology. Hela Ben Nasr and Karim Chahed contributed equally to the study.     

鼻咽癌放疗后致迟发性放射性脑病34例临床分析

目的：探讨鼻咽癌放疗后致迟发性放射性脑病的临床特征。方法：对中南大学湘雅医院神经内科所收治的34例鼻咽癌放疗后致迟发性放射性脑病患者临床资料、治疗方法及预后进行回顾性研究。结果：34例迟发性放射性脑病患者的临床特征包括头痛、头晕、记忆力下降、精神异常、抽搐、复视、面瘫或面部麻木、听力下降、言语增多、肢体无力、走路不稳、肢端麻木等。头部MRIT1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号,增强后呈不规则强化。34例均随访,其中死亡11例,占32.35%;现存活23例,17例伴有严重症状,生存质量差,占50%。结论：鼻咽癌放疗后致迟发性放射性脑病临床表现各异,患者预后较差,临床上需尽早诊断,积极治疗,定期随诊。     

IL-13Rα2介导的毒素融合蛋白在肿瘤治疗中的应用

近年来IL-13受体IL-13Rα2的研究已经成为一个新兴热点,IL-13Rα2在许多肿瘤细胞细胞表面存在特异性高表达,而在正常组织中不表达或表达量很低,通过IL-13Rα2介导的毒素融合蛋白靶向治疗肿瘤也已成为肿瘤诊断和免疫治疗研究中的重要方面。随着对IL-13Rα-结构和功能及其与肿瘤关系研究的不断深入,将为肿瘤的靶向治疗提供新的思路,为肿瘤的临床治疗提供新的理论依据。对IL-13Rα2在不同肿瘤中的表达及IL-13和不同毒素融合得到的毒素融合蛋白在细胞和动物体内等不同水平上对肿瘤治疗的作用做出了相应概括,并对通过IL-13Rα2介导的毒素融合蛋白治疗肿瘤机理的研究以及融合蛋白方法改进及其它相关治疗方法等方面作出综述。