新生儿母乳性黄疸150 例分析

目的:探讨新生儿母乳性黄疸诊断及治疗。方法:回顾性分析150例母乳性黄疸患儿的临床资料。给予思密达1.5g·d和蓝光等治疗,部分患儿停喂母乳。结果:早发型母乳性黄疸治疗5～7天后黄疸全部消退。迟发型母乳性黄疸停母乳3天,92.6%黄疸消退。结论:新生儿母乳性黄疸采用药物等综合治疗效果显著,预后良好。     

我国目前妥善处理医疗纠纷面临的三个关键问题

通过分析我国目前医疗纠纷的实际状况,得出妥善处理医疗纠纷面临的3个关键问题：法律体系的科学统一;执法过程的公平公正;建立健全医疗损害责任保险制度并纳入法制管理轨道。     

Cardiac medication use in patients with suspected ischaemia without obstructive coronary arteries: sex differences and psychological distress

BackgroundIschaemia without obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) is more prevalent in women and associated with psychological distress. Pharmacological treatment goals are angina relief and cardiovascular risk management. The present study aims to examine sex differences in cardiac and non-cardiac medication use, as well as medication and sex differences related to consistent psychological distress in patients with suspected INOCA.DesignA TweeSteden mild stenosis observational cohort study in patients with suspected INOCA as detected by ischaemic reason for referral and non-obstructive arteries based on coronary angiography or computed tomography.MethodsMedication documented in the hospital records of 488 patients (53% women) was coded as angina relief medication, blood-pressure-lowering medication, antithrombotics, statins, and non-cardiac medication, using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code. Depressive symptoms and anxiety were recoded as ‘consistent distress’ (above the cut-off score for depression and anxiety on validated questionnaires), ‘inconsistent distress’ (above the cut-off for depression or anxiety) or ‘no distress’ (below the cut-off).ResultsNo sex differences were observed in cardiac medication use. Women used anxiolytic benzodiazepines more often (12% vs 4%, p = 0.002) compared to men. Consistent distress was more prevalent in women (22% vs 15%, p = 0.004) and was related to the use of more angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and diuretics in women and to calcium antagonist use as well as lower adherence levels in men. Women who reported chest pain more often received angina relief medication and blood-pressure-lowering medication than men.ConclusionNo sex differences were observed in cardiac medication use in patients with suspected INOCA. Psychological distress may reflect hypertension and subsequent medication use in women, and experiencing chest pain and subsequent medication use in men.     

基于专家问卷反馈的头痛活血化瘀药物功效强度及用药情况初探

目的:以专家临床经验为积淀,对治疗头痛活血化瘀药物功效强度的量化及用药规律进行初步的探讨。方法:基于专家咨询及中医传承辅助平台软件,将筛选出的活血化瘀中药的专家意见集中程度、协调程度、药物功效强度及常用度,采用Kmeans聚类分析法进行统计分析。结果:对于治疗头痛中活血化瘀功效较强的药物,专家意见在川芎、红花、莪术等,川芎、赤芍、桃仁等协调程度较高,川芎、当归、赤芍等活血化瘀功效较强且临床治疗血瘀头痛中较常使用。结论:对于活血化瘀药物在治疗头痛中的应用,应以辨证论治为先,活血化瘀药物可选择川芎、当归、赤芍等,结合疼痛不同部位选用引经药。此外,虫类药物在治疗血瘀头痛中起不可替代的作用。     

心理健康教育对肺结核患者服药依从性的影响

目的：探讨心理护理及健康宣教对肺结核患者服药依从性的影响。方法：选取2011年5月～2012年4月于本院进行治疗的70例耐药性肺结核患者为研究对象,将70例患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各35例。对照组以常规护理进行干预,而观察组则以强化心理护理及出院前健康宣教进行干预。然后,对两组患者干预前后的1个月及2个月的疾病知识掌握程度及Morisky服药依从性量表评估结果进行比较。结果i观察组干预后1个月及2个月的疾病知识掌握程度及Morisky服药依从性量表评估结果均优于对照组,差异显著有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：心理护理及出院前健康宣教对耐药性肺结核患者服药依从性的影响较大,为治疗效果的改善发挥了积极的作用。     

Evaluating The Effect of Establishing Protocol for Self- Care Practice of Diabetic Foot Patients Regarding Their Needs,Concerns and Medication Use: A quasi-experimental study

BackgroundThe practice of diabetic self-care plays a significant role in maintaining and preventing diabetic foot complications, but low commitment to self-care practices is common. This study evaluates the effect of establishing protocol for self-care practice of diabetic foot patients according to their needs, concerns, and medication use. A quasi-experimental research (pre-test and post-test) design was used in outpatient clinics at Benha University Hospital, Egypt. The study included 100 adult patients diagnosed with diabetes (types I and II) for at least six months. The findings revealed that 79% suffered from burning or tingling in legs or feet; 74% complained of presence of redness of lower limb, legs or foot pain with activity, and loss of lower extremity sensation; and 80% had changes in skin colour or skin lesions. A comparison between the group pre- and post-intervention (protocol) showed that post-intervention patient foot care knowledge and self-care practice scores were higher. Also, 72% of the participants obtained good knowledge related to foot care post- protocol intervention compared to 37% pre- intervention. Based on the findings, the establishing intervention protocol fosters self-care practice and knowledge regarding needs, concerns, and medication use among diabetic foot patients. Therefore, this protocol can be applied in health practice and research in order to prevent diabetic foot ulcer, and thereby foot amputation.     

Physical consequences of schizophrenia and its treatment: the metabolic syndrome

Schizophrenia is a life shortening illness. Unnatural causes and natural causes are put forward as reasons for this excess mortality. In terms of the latter, a host of different physical disorders occur with increased frequency in schizophrenia. When taken together, some of these illnesses such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disorders constitute the Metabolic Syndrome; a characteristic phenotype of those with this syndrome is excessive visceral fat distribution. The exact reasons why this particular syndrome occurs in schizophrenia is as yet unclear though factors such as life style, poor diet and lack of exercise may contribute to it's development. Alternatively, overactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis leading to hypercortisolaemia can also result in excessive visceral fat accumulation. This minireview aims to explore the potential role of these issues and medication in terms of the increased morbidity and mortality observed in schizophrenia.     

临床给药错误的原因及预防对策

目的:对我院发生的临床给药差错事件进行回顾性分析,找出临床给药差错的影响因素,不断提高临床用药安全性。方法:对我院2013年3月-2015年3月进行住院治疗的患者进行调查,总结发生临床给药错误的患者资料,对200起发生在我院的临床给药错误案例进行回顾性分析。结果:我院发生的200起临床给药错误案例中,药品错误、剂量错误和遗漏在给药错误中的比例占74%;且非节假日发生临床给药错误的次数高于节假日;职称、工作年限和系统设备对降低临床给药错误的发生有重要影响。结论:规范给药管理制度,增加护士值班人数、对护士实行人性化管理,将给药管理视为一个整体,实行全员管理制度可以有效降低临床给药错误发生率。