糖尿病足复发感染病原菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的对糖尿病足复发感染病原菌的分布及耐药性进行分析。方法选取杭州师范大学附属医院2014年6月至2015年6月收治的且符合纳入标准的糖尿病足复发感染患者120例。对所有患者糖尿病足复发感染病原菌的分布及耐药性进行分析。结果 120例糖尿病足复发感染患者共检出病原菌145株,其中18例为混合细菌感染。145株细菌中革兰阳性菌91株(62.8%),前三位的分别为金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、链球菌,分别占28.3%、24.8%、6.2%;革兰阴性菌41株(28.3%),以大肠埃希菌、绿脓假单胞菌属、奇异变形杆菌为主,分别占6.9%、6.2%、5.5%。不同病原菌对常用抗菌药物呈现不同程度的耐药;革兰阳性球菌对青霉素、红霉素耐药严重,而对头孢曲松、万古霉素较为敏感,对万古霉素未出现耐药情况。革兰阴性菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南均敏感,其次对阿米卡星较敏感,对氨苄西林耐药率最高。结论糖尿病足患者复发感染病原菌分布广泛,应根据药物敏感性试验结果及时调整抗菌药物,以利于促进创面早期愈合。     

Preliminary report on the biological effects of space flight on the producing strain of a new immunosuppressant, Kanglemycin C

Kanglemycin C (K-C) is a new immunosuppressant isolated from the culture broth of Nocardia mediterranei var. kanglensis 1747-64. To improve the productivity of K-C and to study the biological effects of space flight on its producing strain, spores from five K-C producing strains (U-10, U-15, U-7, M-13, γ-33) mutated from the wild strain N. mediterranei var. kanglensis 1747-64 were carried into space by an unmanned spaceship, “Shenzhou III” (Divine Vessel III) on March 25, 2002. Comparatively, the strain U-7 was the highest K-C producing strain among the above five starting strains when cultivated in 500-ml Erlenmeyer flasks. After a 6 day and 18 h flight, the treated spores went through serial screening processes to screen for high-yield K-C mutant strains, using thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The K-C yield produced by one mutant strain, designated as F-16, derived from the starting strain U-7 was increased by up to 200% when compared to that produced by the starting strain U-7 in 500-ml Erlenmeyer flasks after careful postflight HPLC analysis. Another mutant strain, designated as F-210, derived from the starting strain M-13 showed reduced productivity of K-C as well as exhibited changes in some morphological and physiological characteristics. For example, the broth color of the strain F-210 changed from yellow to purple after 96 h of culture, but that of the ground control strain M-13 remained yellow. Similarly, the mycelium morphological change from filamentous to coccoid of F-210 occurred later than that of ground control M-13. Examination of the survivability of postflight spores indicated that exposure to radiation, during the 162 h of space flight, plays a critical role in the survival rates of spores such that spores exposed to strong radiation exhibited lower survival rates than spores exposed to weak radiation.Jianqin Zhou and Chenghang Sun have contributed equally to this work.     

轮状病毒感染成年鼠肠外症状的实验研究

目的研究成年ICR小鼠对人轮状病毒感染的敏感性及感染后的临床特征。方法在实验条件下,分别用人源轮状病毒感染普通ICR小鼠及阿莫西林干预后的成鼠,观察小鼠的临床反应和排毒情况。结果成年ICR小鼠被人源轮状病毒感染后会出现明显的肠外症状,但无临床腹泻发生,在感染后连续6d的动物大便中检测到和感染病毒一致的轮状病毒基因带。结论成年ICR小鼠被人源轮状病毒感染后会出现明显的肠外症状,但无腹泻发生,即使在先前用抗生素扰乱肠道菌群后也无腹泻症状。模型的建立有利于进一步研究轮状病毒感染的肠外症状及相关的并发症。     

神经内科住院患者感染病原菌分布及其耐药性

目的了解神经内科住院患者感染的病原菌分布特点,产生β-内酰胺酶情况及其药敏特点。方法分析2002年3月至2004年12月白求恩国际和平医院神经内科住院患者临床感染有关的病原学资料。结果共811例住院患者,有71例发生医院内感染,感染率为8．75％;60岁以上老年人51例,占71．8％;基础疾病以脑梗塞为主,有40例（占56．3％）。主要引起肺部感染（49例,69．0％）和尿路感染（20例,28．2％）。共检出103株病原菌,其中：革兰阳性球菌10株（9．71％）,肠杆菌科42株（40．78％）,非发酵菌41株（39．80％）,真菌10株（9．71％）。其中较常见的病原菌为：大肠埃希菌（23．3％）、铜绿假单胞菌（20．4％）、鲍曼不动杆菌（12.6％）、肺炎克雷伯菌（9．71％）、金黄色葡萄球菌（8．7％）、白色念珠菌（6．8％）。革兰阴性杆菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶占40．9％,AmpC酶占14．5％,金属酶占2．4％。结论大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌成为神经内科临床感染的主要病原菌,其耐药性不断增强,应当引起足够重视。     

铜绿假单胞菌菌苗预防白色念珠菌感染的实验研究

目的利用铜绿假单胞菌菌苗探索阻断白色念珠菌感染的影响。方法家兔耳皮内注射白色念珠菌,进行活菌攻击,建立动物感染模型。观察用铜绿假单胞菌菌苗免疫的家兔状况;用试管凝集法测定家免的抗体效价;采用小白鼠体内吞噬法测定免疫组和空白对照组巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数,以得出铜绿假单胞菌菌苗的免疫性。结果观察发现：与对照组比较,铜绿假单胞菌菌苗免疫组抗体效价,巨噬细胞的吞噬能力明显提高;注射区局部感染及全身症状明显减轻;肾脏感染灶减少,病理切片显示病情较轻。结论铜绿假单胞菌菌苗能够减轻注射区局部感染及全身症状,对肾脏的播散性白色念珠菌感染具有一定的阻断作用。     

运输空间容量对断奶仔猪行为和生产性能的影响

为了解运输对断奶仔猪行为与生产性能的影响,针对北京至邯郸的实际仔猪运输,设计两种运输空间容量(0·09m2/头和0·15m2/头),对运输过程断奶仔猪的躺卧、站立行为进行观察,并对运输前后仔猪体重和体表受损程度进行测定,其结果表明:(1)在试验运输条件下,运输温度与仔猪躺卧行为呈明显的负相关(PearsonCorrelationTest,R=-0·324,P<0·01);(2)两种运输空间容量下,仔猪站立行为(Mann-WhitneyUTest,P>0·05)及运输过程中仔猪的活动激烈程度无显著差异(Chi-squareTest,P>0·05),但仔猪的躺卧行为有显著差异(Mann-WhitneyUTest,P<0·05);(3)不同运输时间持续段上,仔猪的站立和躺卧行为所占比例(FriedmanTest,P<0·001)和仔猪的活动激烈程度有显著差异(Chi-squareTest,P<0·01);(4)两种运输空间容量下,仔猪体表受损程度(Mann-WhitneyUTest,P>0·05)和仔猪体重变化无显著差异(tTest,P>0·05)。这些结果提示,将运输空间容量降低到仔猪趴卧时所需的空间容量,对断奶仔猪的躺卧行为有一定的影响,但对仔猪的站立行为、体表受损及体重变化无显著影响。其原因可能是仔猪趴卧的面积并不是仔猪运输空间的最低阈值,这需要进一步研究证实。     

Monitoring changes in spatio-temporal maps of disease

The object of statistical surveillance is to detect a change in a process accurately and quickly as new observations keep adding to the observed part of the process. In this paper we discuss methodological issues in developing a rapid response in a spatial surveillance system. Simple exploratory statistical methods together with more sophisticated methods, based on hierarchical space-time models defined at small area level, are considered.     

乙肝病毒基因组克隆及其线性分子侵染力研究

乙肝病毒基因组为环状双链DNA,常态环状分子侵染能力很强。为了探讨乙肝病毒基因组线性分子对人肝的侵染和复制能力,克隆了德国病人Brandt携带的乙肝病毒全长基因组,定名为HBV-Brandt。Multiplex PCR基因型鉴定表明HBV-Brandt属于乙型肝炎病毒A型。细胞转染和荧光定量PCR分析证明乙肝病毒HBV-Brandt的基因组线性DNA分子可以侵染HepG2细胞,并进行大量复制。     

野生太行猕猴肠道寄生虫感染的初步调查

为了解野生太行猕猴(Macaca mulatta tcheliensis)肠道寄生虫感染情况,采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法、改良抗酸染色法和卢戈碘液染色法对194份粪便样品进行检查,结果共检查出阿米巴原虫(Amoebasp.)、等孢球虫(Isospora sp.)、鞭虫(Trichuris sp.)、圆线虫(Strongylid sp.)、泡翼线虫(Physaloptera sp.)、蛲虫(Enterobius叩.)、蛔虫(Ascarid sp.)7种寄生虫.寄生虫总感染率为97.4%,线虫感染率为93.8%.其中,鞭虫感染率最高,为91.2%;阿米巴原虫和圆线虫次之,分别为67.5%和60.8%.寄生虫混合感染率为87.1%;鞭虫、泡翼线虫、圆线虫3种线虫混合感染率为71%,同时感染其中2种的占42%,同时感染3种的占29%.对鞭虫卵、圆线虫卵和泡翼线虫卵进行感染强度测定,92%以上阳性样品线虫卵的EPG值在2 000以下.等孢球虫为非人灵长类国内新发现种;所检出寄生虫中,阿米巴原虫、鞭虫、泡翼线虫、蛲虫、蛔虫均可感染人,因此具有重要的公共卫生意义.