1961-2013年东北三省玉米低温冷害强度的时空分布特征

基于东北三省1961-2013年气象数据、《北方春玉米冷害评估技术规范（QX/T167-2012）行业标准》,结合具有生物学意义的热量指数,给出了东北三省低温冷害强度分级,利用经验正交函数（EOF）分解法和旋转经验正交函数（REOF）分解法分析了东北三省玉米低温冷害强度时空分布特征。结果表明：东北三省玉米低温冷害强度具有明显的空间分布特点,可分为全区一致型、南北反相位分布型以及东西反相位分布型。东北三省玉米低温冷害强度的时间变化具有较好的一致性,1961-2013年东北三省低温冷害的发生强度呈波动减小趋势。低温冷害强度区域差异显著,按照低温冷害强度强弱可分为黑龙江-吉林北部区（Ⅰ区）、吉林南部-辽宁北部区（Ⅲ区）和辽宁南部区（Ⅱ区）。研究结果可为东北三省低温冷害风险区划和采取有效的减灾避灾措施提供依据。     

华北平原玉米叶片光合及呼吸过程对实验增温的适应性

利用典型农田生态系统的原位实验增温平台,探讨我国华北平原重要农作物玉米叶片光合及呼吸过程对实验增温的适应性,并深入分析其产生适应性的原因和机理。研究结果显示,实验增温使玉米叶片净光合速率(A_n)显著升高(P0.001),同时增温也导致A_n的最适温度(T_(opt))升高1.56℃;相似地,实验增温也同样导致了光合作用过程中最大电子传递速率(J_(max))显著增加(P0.001),并且其最适温度(T_(opt))升高了1.45℃,但并没有对最大羧化反应速率(V_(cmax))及其温度敏感性(Q_(10))产生显著的影响(P0.05)。然而,实验增温却显著降低了玉米叶片的暗呼吸速率(R_d)及其Q_(10)值(P0.05)。另外,研究结果还显示实验增温没有对R_d/A_g和J_(max)/V_(cmax)产生显著的影响(P0.05)。此外,尽管实验增温显著提高了玉米叶片的蒸腾速率(T_r),但却并没有显著改变叶片的气孔导度(G_s)及水分利用效率(WUE)。研究结果表明,玉米可以通过调控叶片光合及呼吸等关键生理过程的最适温度对增温产生一定的适应性。然而,尽管玉米能够在叶片尺度上做出调整来适应增温环境,但这种适应能力却十分有限,以至于未来气候变暖仍可能会对华北平原玉米的生长发育过程和粮食产量造成一定的影响。     

安徽繁昌晚新生代裂隙堆积中的松鼠类化石（英文）

描述了安徽繁昌癞痢山塘口晚新生代裂隙堆积物中发现的松鼠类材料。化石代表松鼠亚科的4个族,共有5属6种,其中包括一个新属和两个新种,即树松鼠族的Sciurus sp.,花鼠族的Tamias sp.和Plesiosciurus zhengi sp.nov.,旱獭族的Sciurotamias wangi Qiu,2002和S.teilhardi Zheng,1993,以及巨松鼠族的Pseudoratufa wanensis gen.et sp.nov.。所研究的材料系混合地采自同一裂隙堆积的4个不同层位,化石的组分可能代表从早中新世至更新世的不同时段。繁昌的这一松鼠组合具有中国中南部晚新生代松鼠动物群的特色,并含有稀奇的Pseudoratufa属。该新属的牙齿形态显示了其树栖松鼠的特征,而且可以归入甚为稀有的巨松鼠族。其遗骸具有与该地点发现的古猿、硅藻鼠和河狸类化石相似的石化和堆积过程,似乎表明这些动物属于时代相同或较接近的群体,它们的共存也说明了繁昌地区在中新世时有过相对湿润的森林生境。     

中国壳斗科植物属的空间多样性及差异

该文采用地理信息系统技术,以县为空间数据的基本单元,以壳斗科植物为研究对象,制作属的空间分布图,计算空间相似性系数,分析壳斗科各属的空间多样性及其差异。结果表明,三棱栎属为连续分布,与其他属的空间分布最不相似,其他属均为间断分布,其中锥属、青冈属、柯属空间分布最相似,这3个属的多样化中心均有云南南部,水青冈的多样化中心比前3个属偏北,栎属多样化中心是四川西南部和云南西北部,西北地区东南部是联系南方与北方栎属植物的重要通道。     

A new Chinese Pseudoogeton species and key to the species of the genus (Coleoptera,Tenebrionidae, Amarygmini)

Pseudoogeton maoxianum sp. n. is described from Sichuan, China. A key to the males of the species of Pseudoogeton Masumoto, 1989 is presented.     

New species of subgenus Tipula (Sivatipula) from China,with redescription of T. (S.) parvauricula and a key to all known species of the Oriental Region (Diptera,Tipulidae, Tipula)

Species of Tipula (Sivatipula) biprocessa sp. n. from Guangxi, China is described and illustrated as new in the subgenus Tipula (Sivatipula) Alexander, 1964. Tipula (Sivatipula) parvauricula Alexander, 1941 is redescribed and illustrated based on additional morphological characters. Semen pump of this subgenus is discussed. A key to all described species in this group is compiled.     

Heavy metal contamination in surface soils of the industrial district of Wuhan,China

The Qingshan district of Wuhan City is a typical Chinese industrial area. An increase in heavy metal pollution in the region's soil, due to industrialization and urbanization, has become a serious environmental problem. Surface soil samples from 155 sites were collected and analyzed. The median concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in soil were 2.3, 46.2, 24.3, 28.2, and 86.8 mg/kg, respectively. Principal component analysis coupled with hierarchical cluster analysis showed that (1) in residential and industrial areas, Pb, Cu, and Zn concentrations were mainly affected by industrial emissions and traffic emissions, whereas in agricultural areas Cu and Zn were less affected by industrial emission and traffic emission, whereas Pb was affected by agricultural activities; and (2) Cd originated from a combination of sources, including industrial activities, traffic emission, and hypergene geochemical characteristics. The integrated pollution index varied from 1.1 to 16.6 with a mean of 3.9, and 70.6% of the area is extremely contaminated, 28.1% is heavily contaminated, and the remainder is moderately contaminated.     

A HIVE model for regional integrated environmental risk assessment: A case study in China

Regional environmental risk assessment has been a significant means of environmental management and decision-making. To assess the regional integrated environmental risk at a nationwide scale, a new index system named the Hazard, Intensity, Vulnerability, and Effectiveness (HIVE) model was designed and evolved from previous researches. The HIVE model consisted of a relatively complete framework with accessible indexes related to environment and social economy, and it considered different risk sources, pathways, and receptors as well as the influence of the risk control. As an important segment of the assessment process, a simple gridding information diffusion method was also proposed to assess the diffusion effect of risk factors in nationwide rivers. Taking China as a case study, this study calculated the environmental risk value of every sub-unit. Through the clustering function of Statistical Package for Social Sciences and the visual representation of a geographic information system, the study area was divided into nine zones that were visualized on maps according to their different risk levels and risk characteristics. This study also identified the dominant factors of each zone, which could provide the foundation for regional environmental management. Moreover, the results implied some significant correlations between risk system components and the regional social economy in China.