慢性乙肝病毒感染患者肝纤维化、肝功能及Th1/Th2细胞因子水平变化及恩替卡韦干预研究

摘要 目的：研究慢性乙肝病毒（HBV）感染患者肝纤维化、肝功能及Th1/Th2细胞因子水平的变化情况,并分析恩替卡韦干预对慢性HBV感染患者相关指标的影响。方法：选择2016年4月至2018年1月我院收治的120例慢性HBV感染者为研究对象,其中慢性乙肝轻度50例、中度24例、重度21例、肝硬化者25例,并选择同期于我院进行体检的50例健康者为健康对照组,分析不同病情慢性HBV感染患者血清中的肝纤维化指标[透明质酸（HA）、Ⅳ型胶原（ⅣC）,层粘连蛋白（LN）、III型前胶原肽（PC III）]、肝功能指标[丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转移酶（AST）]及Th1/Th2细胞因子[干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、白介素-2（IL-2）、白介素-4（IL-4）、白介素-6（IL-6）]的变化,慢性HBV感染患者按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,对照组给予还原型谷胱甘肽和复方甘草酸苷等常规护肝治疗,观察组在对照组基础上另口服恩替卡韦分散片治疗,对比两组治疗前后各指标水平。结果：慢性HBV感染患者的肝纤维化指标、肝功能指标及Th1/Th2细胞因子IL-4、IL-6等指标水平均显著高于健康对照组,且随着病情的加重呈逐渐上升趋势;而IFN-γ和IL-2水平均低于健康对照组,随着病情的加重而逐渐降低（P<0.05）。治疗后两组血清肝纤维化指标（HA、ⅣC、LN、PC III）、肝功能指标（ALT、AST）以及IL-4、IL-6水平均显著低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后两组血清IFN-γ、IL-2水平均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：慢性HBV感染患者存在肝纤维化水平上升、肝功能受损及Th1/Th2细胞失衡,恩替卡韦联合常规护肝治疗可有效纠正患者的Th1/Th2细胞失衡,减轻患者的肝纤维化,改善其肝功能。     

腔镜下腺体切除术对早期乳腺癌患者血清免疫球蛋白及TNF-α、IL-10水平变化的影响

摘要 目的：分析腔镜下腺体切除术对早期乳腺癌患者血清免疫球蛋白及TNF-α、IL-10水平的影响,从而对其优势评估。方法：选择2017年2月-2020年2月于本院实施乳腺癌手术患者100例,根据其选择手术方式的不同分为2组：A组（腔镜下腺体切除术,59例）和B组（开放乳房皮下腺体切除术,41例）,分别统计患者手术时间、术后拔管时间以及住院时间;术后1个月,取患者外周血,离心取血清,采用免疫比浊法检测患者血清免疫功能相关指标IgM和IgG含量、采用人酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）试剂盒检测患者血清中炎症反应指标TNF-α和IL-10含量、统计术后两组患者出现术野皮下出血、皮下积液、乳头乳晕坏死等并发症的例数;术后一年,统计两组患者出现复发和淋巴结转移等现象的例数。结果：A组患者手术时间显著长于B组,而其拔管时间和住院时间均显著短于B组（P＜0.05）。A组并发症发生率（5.00 %）显著高于B组（25.71%）（P<0.05）。术前1 d,两组患者血清免疫指标IgM和IgG水平和炎症反应指标TNF-α和IL-10水平相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而术后3 d~术后1 m,A组患者血清免疫指标IgM和IgG水平以及抗炎因子IL-10水平均显著高于B组,促炎因子TNF-α水平显著低于B组（P＜0.05）。A组患者术后1年内乳腺癌复发率（3.3%）与B组（10.0%）相比差异不具有统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：腔镜下腺体切除术治疗早期乳腺癌具有拔管时间以及术后住院时间短、并发症发生率低等优势,其原因可能与该手术对患者血清免疫球蛋白IgM和IgG及炎症因子TNF-α、IL-10水平影响程度较小、术后恢复较快有关。     

莫西沙星联合纤维支气管镜药物灌注对耐多药肺结核患者T细胞亚群、肺功能和肝功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨莫西沙星联合纤维支气管镜药物灌注对耐多药肺结核患者T细胞亚群、肺功能和肝功能的影响。方法：选取2017年2月~2018年12月期间我院收治的90例耐多药肺结核患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组（n=45,常规基础治疗）和研究组（n=45,莫西沙星联合纤维支气管镜药物灌注）,比较两组患者痰菌转阴率、病灶吸收率、T细胞亚群、肺功能和肝功能。结果：研究组治疗6个月后的痰菌转阴率为88.89%（40/45）,高于对照组的68.89%（31/45）（P<0.05）。研究组治疗6个月后的病灶吸收率为84.44%（38/45）,高于对照组的64.44%（29/45）（P<0.05）。两组治疗6个月后第1 s用力呼气容积（FEV₁）、用力肺活量（FVC）、每分钟最大通气量（MVV）占预计值百分比、总蛋白(TP)、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺均升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）;丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、CD8⁺均降低,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：莫西沙星联合纤维支气管镜药物灌注治疗耐多药肺结核,可有效阻止疾病进展,同时在改善患者T细胞亚群、肺功能和肝功能方面效果显著。     

Supplementing rabbit diets with butylated hydroxyanisole affects oxidative stress,growth performance,and meat quality

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is a synthetic antioxidant analogous of vitamin E. It is used as a preservative to prevent free radical-mediated oxidation in high-fat foods, and this study's objective was to investigate the effects of BHA on oxidative stress and apoptosis in addition to delineating its efficacy as a growth-promoting feed additive. 60 weaned male rabbits (V-line) were randomly divided into four equal groups: BHA0.0 (control), BHA50, BHA100, and BHA150, administered basal diets with 0.0, 50, 100, and 150 mg BHA/kg of feed for 60 days. Animals were examined for growth performance, markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis, and meat characteristics. Compared to the control group, rabbits receiving BHA-supplemented diets exhibited increases in BW and average daily gain (P < 0.01), where BHA50 and BHA100 groups showed increased muscle content of methionine aspartic acid, serine, and glutamine (P < 0.05). These two groups also exhibited elevated catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and diminished malondialdehyde levels in the liver. Butylated hydroxyanisole upregulated fatty acid synthase gene (FASN), especially in BHA100 animals. Bcl-2-associated X/B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bax/Bcl-2) ratio significantly increased in animals receiving higher doses of BHA, and the weight of the liver significantly increased following BHA treatment. Supplementing growing rabbits with lower doses of dietary BHA may promote growth performance and meat quality via maintaining the redox balance. Hence, the 50–100 mg/kg may be recommended as a safe and still effective feed additive as well as an oxidative stress attenuator.     

Serum levels of anti-heat shock protein 27 antibodies in patients with chronic liver disease

Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), an intracellular molecular chaperone, is involved in the pathogenesis of cancer by promoting both tumor cell proliferation and resistance to therapy. HSP27 is also present in the circulation and circulating HSP27 (sHSP27) can elicit an autoimmune response with production of antibodies. Levels of sHSP27 are enhanced in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); it is, however, unknown whether changes in HSP27 antibody levels occur in patients with HCC and can be exploited as a circulating biomarker of HCC. Our aim was to assess the potential association between newly diagnosed HCC and serum anti-HSP27 antibody levels. In this cross-sectional study, anti-HSP27 antibody levels were measured in serum samples from 71 HCC patients, 80 subjects with chronic liver disease, and 38 control subjects by immunoenzymatic assay. Anti-HSP27 antibody levels did not differ significantly among groups. However, in patients with chronic active hepatitis/cirrhosis, anti-HSP27 levels were significantly higher in subjects with a positive history of alcoholism (p = 0.03). Our data do not support the hypothesis that anti-HSP27 antibody levels may help identify patients with HCC among subjects with chronic liver disease. However, our finding that alcohol-related liver disease is associated with higher anti-HSP27 levels is novel and deserves further investigations.     

益生菌对肝硬化患者肠道菌群和肠道屏障功能的影响

目的探讨益生菌对肝硬化患者肠道菌群、肠道屏障功能及肝脏功能的影响,为肝硬化患者的治疗提供参考。方法选取2017年1月至2019年6月我院收治的60例乙肝肝硬化患者为研究对象。入选患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各30例。对照组患者采用常规治疗,观察组患者在此基础上加用地衣芽孢杆菌胶囊进行治疗。两组患者疗程均为1个月。比较两组患者治疗后肠道菌群、肠道屏障功能、免疫功能、细胞因子水平及肝脏功能变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组患者肠道菌群数量与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);观察组患者肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠球菌、肠杆菌数量显著高于治疗前及对照组,酵母样真菌数量显著低于治疗前及对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清DAO、PCT、ET及D-lac水平均显著降低,同时观察组低于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者血清CD3⁺细胞、CD4⁺细胞及CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平均显著上升,同时高于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清IL-2水平显著上升,血清IL-6、TNF-α水平均显著下降(均P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者Child-Pugh评分,血清TBil、ALT、AST水平均显著降低,且观察组低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论益生菌可有效调节肠道菌群,提高肠道屏障功能,增强细胞免疫力,减轻炎症反应,改善肝功能,具有较好的辅助治疗作用。     

肝硬化合并结核病患者的临床特征

目的分析肝硬化合并结核病患者的临床特征,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析2014年9月至2017年7月于浙江大学医学院附属第一医院住院的肝硬化合并结核病患者的相关资料,总结患者的临床特征。结果共收治68例肝硬化合并结核病患者,其中男性50例(73.5%),女性18例(26.5%),平均年龄(59.9±13.7)岁。在所有患者中,肝硬化最常见的原因是HBV感染(46例,67.7%)和酒精(9例,13.2%)。肺结核(43例)、结核性腹膜炎(13例)、结核性胸膜炎(12例)是最常见的结核类型,此外骨关节结核、结核性脑膜炎、结核性心包炎、泌尿系结核、肠结核、淋巴结结核均可见。该类患者常见临床表现为乏力、腹胀,出现发热的患者不足半数,有盗汗表现的更为罕见。结论肝硬化患者并发结核后可使病情复杂化,增加治疗难度。此外部分患者临床表现不典型,需提高警惕,避免漏诊。     

人体肠道微生态与肝脏免疫关系研究进展

人体微生态学是研究微生物与其宿主相互关系的科学,其中肠道微生态对于人体有最直接的作用。肠道微生态是一个被遗忘的"人体新陈代谢器官",具有维持能量稳态等重要的生理作用。肝脏是人类的重要器官,肝脏中四分之三的血液来自于肠道回流血,其中含有肠道中的细菌产物、环境毒素和食物抗原等。因此肝脏与肠道有最直接的关系。人体肠道微生态中的大量微生物不仅参与调控肠道内的免疫应答,还参与调控肝脏等器官的免疫反应,因此肠道微生态与肝脏免疫密不可分。本文就肠道微生态与肝脏免疫的相关性研究作一综述,以期为人体微生态与肝脏免疫的相关研究提供科学依据。     

Alrp,a survival factor that controls the apoptotic process of regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy in rats

Abstract

Augmenter of Liver Regeneration (Alrp) enhances, through unknown mechanism/s, hepatocyte proliferation only when administered to partially hepatectomized (PH) rats. Liver resection, besides stimulating hepatocyte proliferation, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering apoptosis. To clarify the role of Alrp in the process of liver regeneration, hepatocyte proliferation, apoptosis, ROS-induced parameters and morphological findings of regenerating liver were studied from PH rats Alrp-treated for 72 h after the surgery. The same parameters, evaluated on regenerating liver from albumin-treated PH rats, were used as control. The results demonstrated that Alrp administration induces the anti-apoptotic gene expression, inhibits hepatocyte apoptosis and reduces ROS-induced cell damage. These and similar data from in vitro studies and the presence of ‘Alrp homologous proteins’ in viruses as well as in mammals (i) allow to hypothesize that Alrp activity/ies may not be exclusive for regenerating liver and (ii) suggest the use of Alrp in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.     

ReviewA Review of the Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Alcohol-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of alcohol-induced liver disease has increased substantially in recent years. Specifically, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been identified as key components in initiating and possibly sustaining the pathogenic pathways responsible for the progression from alcohol-induced fatty liver to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Ethanol has been demonstrated to increase the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and decrease several antioxidant mechanisms in liver. However, the relative contribution of the proposed sites of ethanol-induced reactive species production within the liver is still not clear. It has been proposed that chronic ethanol-elicited alterations in mitochondria structure and function might result in increased production of reactive species at the level of the mitochondrion in liver from ethanol consumers. This in turn might result in oxidative modification and inactivation of mitochondrial macromolecules, thereby contributing further to mitochondrial dysfunction and a loss in hepatic energy conservation. Moreover, ethanol-related increases in reactive species may shift the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic factors such that there is activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition, which would lead to increased cell death in the liver after chronic alcohol consumption. This article will examine the critical role of these reactive species in ethanol-induced liver injury with specific emphasis on how chronic ethanol-associated alterations to mitochondria influence the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and how their production may disrupt hepatic energy conservation in the chronic alcohol abuser.