小半夏加茯苓汤对小鼠移植心存活时间的延长效果研究

目的:探讨小半夏加茯苓汤对小鼠心脏移植模型中移植心存活时间的延长效果及作用机制。方法:将接受过腹腔心脏移植手术的小鼠分为实验组和对照组,自移植手术当日起至术后7天,每日经口给药,通过腹部触诊判断移植心脏跳动情况,移植术后30日,取部分小鼠移植心脏进行病理检查,取脾细胞进行淋巴细胞培养,并检测培养液中白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IL-10和干扰素(IFN)-γ的浓度。取移植心脏存活时间超过30天的小鼠脾脏,通过流式细胞术检测调节性T细胞(Regulatory Tcells,Tregs)的含量。结果:与对照组相比,实验组的移植心存活时间明显延长(P0.01),心脏病理切片结果提示实验组的心脏血管病变受到了抑制,脾细胞培养液中IL-2和IFN-γ浓度明显降低,而IL-4和IL-10的浓度升高,脾细胞CD4阳性细胞中CD25和Foxp3均阳性的细胞含量明显高于对照组中同类细胞含量。结论:小半夏加茯苓汤可以显著延长小鼠移植心脏的存活时间,可能与其诱导调节T细胞的产生、改变受体小鼠体内Th-1和Th-2细胞因子的平衡及抑制IL-2、IFN-γ减轻心脏损伤有关。     

四君子汤对实验性脾虚小鼠肠道菌群的影响

本文报道了四君子汤对脾虚小鼠肠道内与人类关系密切的主要菌群的影响。用大量大黄水煎液灌胃给予小鼠,造成实验性脾虚模型,引起小鼠肠道内菌群紊乱,其中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌菌量均下降,与对照组小鼠相比具有显著性差异。当小鼠服用四君子汤后,双歧杆菌,乳杆菌均上升至正常值水平。四君子汤对拟杆菌数量也有一定的影响。本研究表明,四君子汤对小鼠肠道菌群的失调具有调节功能,对脾虚小鼠的康复具有一定的促进作用。     

通络益气方对博来霉素致大鼠肺纤维化的治疗作用研究

目的:研究通络益气方对博来霉素致大鼠模型肺组织病理及肺组织羟脯氨酸(HYP)的影响。方法:将36只SPF级健康6周龄Wistar雄性大鼠置于SPF级条件下,适应性试养3天后,分为3组:空白组、模型组、治疗组,每组12只。除空白组外,其余两组,在清醒状态下,放入与小动物雾化给药仪相连的30 cm×30 cm×20 cm自制玻璃箱中,雾化吸入浓度为5 g/L(50%)的博莱霉素,雾化20分钟,休息5分钟,一天连续激发2小时,连续刺激4周。空白组在同样条件下雾化吸入0.9%生理盐水,操作方法与其余两组相同。治疗组大鼠造模后第2天起给予通络益气方,通络益气方溶液按体质量给予大鼠药液1 m L/100 g灌胃,每次于雾化前1h灌胃;模型组、正常组均给予生理盐水(1 m L/100 g)灌胃。各组大鼠连续刺激4周后,用1%戊巴比妥钠(50 mg/kg)麻醉后,待其肌肉松驰、呼吸平稳后,仰面固定于专用板上,用动物专用CT进行肺扫描。各组大鼠在末次诱导后,24 h内腹腔注射1%戊巴比妥钠麻醉后,取肺组织进行HE和Masson染色,观察各组大鼠肺组织病理HE染色、Masson染色及肺组织中HYP的含量。结果:与空白组(0.76±0.06)相比,治疗组(1.11±0.13)、模型组(1.47±0.22)HYP均升高(P<0.05);与模型组(1.47±0.22)相比,治疗组(1.11±0.13)HYP明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:通络益气方能降低对肺纤维化大鼠肺组织中胶原的沉积,起到治疗肺纤维化的作用,与通络益气方抑制HYP胶原蛋白的表达有关。     

Antibacterial activity of plant extracts from northwestern Argentina

AIMS: To determine the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of northwestern Argentinian plants used in folk medicine. To compare the mentioned activities with those of five commercial antibiotics. To identify the compounds responsible for the antibacterial activity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Plant extracts were prepared according to traditional uses in northwestern Argentina. Antibacterial activity was assayed by agar dilution in Petri dishes and broth dilution in 96-well plates. Lethal dose 50 (LD(50)) was determined by the Artemia salina assay. Phytochemical analysis was performed by sample adsorption on silica gel, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), bioautography and UV-visible spectra. The results showed that Tripodanthus acutifolius aqueous extracts have lower minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) (502 and 506 microg of extracted material (EM) per ml for infusion and decoction, respectively) than cefotaxim MIC (640 microg ml(-1)) against Acinetobacterfreundii (303). These data were lower than their LD(50). Tripodanthus acutifolius tincture showed lower MIC (110 microg of EM per ml) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) (220 microg of EM per ml) than cefotaxim (MIC and MBC of 320 microg ml(-1)) for Pseudomonasaeruginosa. This extract also showed a MIC/MBC of 110/220 microg of EM per ml, lower than oxacillin (MIC/MBC of 160/220 microg ml(-1)) for Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). The cytotoxicity of all extracts were compared with that of commercial antibiotics. Rutin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone 3-beta-rhamnosilglucoside), iso-quercitrin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone 3-beta-glucoside) and a terpene would be partially responsible for the antibacterial activity of T. acutifolius infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Tripodanthus acutifolius extracts had the ability to inhibit bacterial growth. The antibacterial activity differs with the applied extractive method, and it could be partially attributed to glycoflavonoids. This paper contributes to the knowledge of antibacterial capacity of plants from northwestern Argentina. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These antibacterial activities support further studies to discover new chemical structures that can contribute to alleviate or cure some illnesses.     

基于HPLC-DAD技术对大鼠灌胃八珍汤后尿液样品处理方法的研究

对大鼠口服八珍汤后的尿液样品预处理方法进行多样性考察,以减少尿液样品中内源性杂质干扰,富集来源于八珍汤的化学成分,为八珍汤体内代谢产物的多样性分析奠定基础.分别采用水饱和的正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、SPE小柱固相萃取法对空白尿液和含药尿液进行处理,然后使用高效液相对各样品进行成分分析,通过对比经过各方法优化的尿液色谱图,确定含八珍汤的尿液样品的最佳处理方法,并据此进一步考察确定尿液的最佳收集时间段.通过分析各液相色谱图发现,在大鼠口服八珍汤后4～8h时间段内,采用SPE小柱固相萃取法纯化的尿液样品出峰效果最好,数目最多.从而确定了含八珍汤的大鼠尿液的最优纯化方法为SPE小柱固相萃取法,最佳收集时间段为4～8h.     

活血通络方对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后Cyto—C和caspase表达的干预

目的：探讨活血通络方通过线粒体途径抗大鼠脑缺血再灌注后神经元凋亡机制。方法：将大鼠随机分成假手术组、模型组、活血通络组,大脑中动脉栓塞再通法建立脑缺血再灌注模型。大鼠脑缺血再灌注6、12、24和48h不同时间点进行神经功能评分,并用原位末端标记法检测凋亡神经元,用免疫组化法检测Cyto-C、caspase-9、caspase-3阳性细胞数。结果：活血通络方对再灌注各时间点神经功能评分有不同程度的改善,能减少神经元凋亡指数和Cyto—C、caspase一9、caspase-3的表达（P〈0．01-4）．05）。结论：Cyto-C、caspase．9和caspase-3在脑缺血再灌注损伤中发挥重要作用,活血通络方能减轻缺血再灌注所致神经元凋亡,保护神经功能,其机理与抑制细胞凋亡线粒体通路有关。     

大鼠脑缺血再灌注后Smac、XIAP和caspase-9表达及活血通络方的干预作用

目的：探讨大鼠脑缺血再灌注后线粒体通路第二种天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶激活物（Smac）、凋亡抑制蛋白（XIAP）和凋亡蛋白酶（caspase）-9的表达变化及活血通络方的干预作用机理。方法：将大鼠随机分成模型组、活血通络组,大脑中动脉栓塞再通法建立脑缺血再灌注模型。大鼠脑缺血再灌注6、12、24和48 h不同时间点进行神经功能评分,用免疫组化法检测Smac、XIAP和caspase-9阳性细胞数。结果：缺血再灌注后6 h模型组神经功能症状积分升高,缺血半暗带皮质内神经元凋亡增多,Smac、XIAP和caspase-9蛋白的表达亦有明显上升,再灌注12 h达高峰（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,随后出现下降。活血通络方能显著降低神经功能症状积分,减少神经元凋亡,促进XIAP表达,下调Smac和caspase-9表达（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。结论：脑缺血再灌注后脑组织Smac、XIAP和caspase-9蛋白的表达均明显增加,提示它们可能在脑缺血再灌注损伤中发挥重要作用,活血通络方可能通过促进XIAP并抑制Smac、caspase-9表达保护神经元及神经功能。     

不同浓度血府逐瘀汤含药血清对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响

目的观察不同浓度血府逐瘀汤含药血清对大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响,以及其生成一氧化氮（NO）的情况。方法用MTT法观察VSMCs的增殖,Transwell小室法观察VSMCs的迁移、侵袭,并检测培养上清液一氧化氮（NO）的含量。结果与空白对照组比较,5%血府逐瘀汤组能显著促进VSMCs的增殖（P〈0.05）,20%,30%血府逐瘀汤组能显著抑制VSMCs的增殖（P〈0.05）;与空白对照组比较,培养48 h的培养上清液中,血府逐瘀汤组的NO水平有显著升高（P〈0.01）,且与血府逐瘀汤含药血清的浓度有剂量依赖关系。结论低浓度（〈10%）血府逐瘀汤含药血清有促进VASMCs增殖和迁移、侵袭的作用,高浓度（〉10%）血府逐瘀汤含药血清有抑制VASMCs增殖、迁移和侵袭的作用,其作用可能与上清液的NO水平有关。     

微生物发酵四君子汤制剂对荷瘤小鼠抗氧化功能的影响

目的探讨微生物发酵四君子汤制剂(FSJZD)对荷瘤小鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法通过建立小鼠S180肿瘤模型,分别采用黄嘌呤法、硫代巴比妥酸法、硝酸还原酶法检测血清中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO)含量,研究FSJZD的抗氧化能力。结果 FSJZD可显著升高荷瘤小鼠及CTX治疗荷瘤小鼠所致免疫抑制模型血清中的SOD水平,明显降低CTX所致免疫抑制小鼠血清中NO和MDA含量。结论 FSJZD能够显著提高荷瘤机体的抗氧化能力、降低化疗对机体产生的危害作用。     

Characterization of the multiple absorbed constituents in rats after oral administration of Chai-Huang decoction by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry

A rapid, sensitive, and specific method by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to diode‐array detection (DAD) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) techniques was developed for the identification of absorbed constituents and their metabolites in rats after the oral administration of a Chai‐Huang decoction (CHD), which consists of Bupleurum chinense and Scutellaria baicalensis in the proportion 1 : 1 (w/w). By comparing their retention times and MS data with those of authentic compounds and published data, a total of 14 compounds were identified in the CHD samples. In addition, eleven and seven compounds were characterized in the urine and serum samples of the rats, respectively. The results indicated that the main absorbed constituents were chrysin‐6‐C‐arabinosyl‐8‐C‐glucoside, chrysin‐6‐C‐glucosyl‐8‐C‐arabinoside, baicalin, wogonin‐5‐O‐glucoside, oroxylin A‐7‐O‐glucuronide, wogonoside, saikosaponin A, saikosaponin C, saikosaponin D, baicalein, and wogonin. These compounds might be responsible for the curative effects of the CHD. The findings demonstrated that the proposed method could be used to rapidly and simultaneously analyze and screen the multiple absorbed bioactive constituents in a formula of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). This is very important not only for the pharmaceutical discovery process and the quality control of crude drugs but also to explain the mechanisms of action of TCM.