中国特有种川榛的地理分布格局与气候环境因子的关系分析

采用查询资料和实地调查相结合的方法,收集中国特有种川榛(Corylus kweichowensis Hu)的地理分布资料以及各分布区的气象数据;利用Kira温暖指数、Kira寒冷指数、徐文铎湿度指数、Holdrige生物温度、Holdrige可能蒸散率和Holdrige可能蒸散量对川榛地理分布格局与气候水热指标的关系进行研究;并采用主成分分析法对影响川榛分布的气候水热指标进行了分析.结果表明:川榛分布于中国的15个省(自治区、直辖市),水平分布范围为东经102°06′~121°59′、北纬25°11′~37°38′,分布的最北端和最东端均位于山东省牟平县,最南端和最西端分别位于贵州省安龙县和四川省泸定县;垂直分布海拔为300~2500 m,集中分布海拔为500~1000 m,主要分布于秦岭、伏牛山、大别山和大巴山等山系.川榛分布区的年均温、Kira温暖指数、年降水量和Holdrige生物温度的最适范围分别为1124℃~1772℃、9153℃·月-1~14924℃·月-1、59638~160175 mm和1166℃~1754℃,Kira寒冷指数、徐文铎湿度指数、年空气相对湿度、Holdrige可能蒸散量和Holdrige可能蒸散率的均值分别为-673℃·月-1、911、7481%、86025 mm和089,其分布南界和北界的Kira温暖指数、Kira寒冷指数和年降水量的范围分别为6290℃·月-1~16910℃·月-1、-3990℃·月-1~-110℃·月-1和42550~205820 mm;按照Holdrige分类系统,川榛属于暖温带和亚热带湿润森林生命地带类型中的树种,生态适应性较广.主成分分析结果表明:限制川榛地理分布的气候水热条件由高到低依次为低温条件、高温条件、湿度条件,因此,园艺化栽培川榛时可首先考虑1月均温、Kira寒冷指数、极端低温、无霜期和年均温等因素.     

Hedychium menghaiense (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Yunnan,China

Abstract Hedychium menghaiense X. Hu & N. Liu, a new species of the Zingiberaceae from Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is currently known only from its type locality, Nannuoshan Mountain, Menghai County, growing under evergreen broad‐leaved forests at altitudes of 1400–1700 m. It is similar to Hedychium forrestii Diels, but differs in its narrower and emarginate labellum folded inwards lengthwise, narrower staminodes, and scarlet stamen. The recognition of the new species is supported by the results from analysis of sequence‐related amplified polymorphism markers.     

杨属一新变种

发表了杨属一变新种,即粉皮河北杨(Populus hopeiensis Hu et Chow var. pulveru lenta SH. Y. Ma, D. S. Yao et X. C. Chen)。     

Chemical Constituents from the Seeds of Ziziphusjujuba var. spinosa （Bunge） Hu

To search for new and bioactive minor components from traditional Chinese medicines, a new compound, named jujuphenoside (1), was isolated from the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu. The structure ofjujuphenoside was elucidated by spectral and chemical methods, particularly twodimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Together with the new compound, 22 known compounds were also isolated and identified from the seeds of Z. jujuba var. spinosa, among which, epiceanothic acid (2) was first obtained from natural resources, whereas compounds 7-16 were first obtained from this plant.     

The chromosome-scale reference genome of Rubus chingii Hu provides insight into the biosynthetic pathway of hydrolyzable tannins

Rubus chingii Hu (Fu-Pen-Zi), a perennial woody plant in the Rosaceae family, is a characteristic traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its unique pharmacological effects. There are abundant hydrolyzable tannin (HT) components in R. chingii that provide health benefits. Here, an R. chingii chromosome-scale genome and related functional analysis provide insights into the biosynthetic pathway of HTs. In total, sequence data of 231.21 Mb (155 scaffolds with an N50 of 8.2 Mb) were assembled into seven chromosomes with an average length of 31.4 Mb, and 33 130 protein-coding genes were predicted, 89.28% of which were functionally annotated. Evolutionary analysis showed that R. chingii was most closely related to Rubus occidentalis, from which it was predicted to have diverged 22.46 million years ago (Table S8). Comparative genomic analysis showed that there was a tandem gene cluster of UGT, carboxylesterase (CXE) and SCPL genes on chromosome 02 of R. chingii, including 11 CXE, eight UGT, and six SCPL genes, which may be critical for the synthesis of HTs. In vitro enzyme assays indicated that the proteins encoded by the CXE (LG02.4273) and UGT (LG02.4102) genes have tannin hydrolase and gallic acid glycosyltransferase functions, respectively. The genomic sequence of R. chingii will be a valuable resource for comparative genomic analysis within the Rosaceae family and will be useful for understanding the biosynthesis of HTs.     

珍稀油料树种琴叶风吹楠果实和种子形态变异

以云南野生琴叶风吹楠(Horsfieldia pandurifolia)为材料,对39株树的果实和种子的形态进行变异分析。结果表明,果实和种子形态指标株间变异大,株内变异小。单株间果实表现出从卵圆形至长椭圆形的变异,果长4~7 cm,先端圆钝至锐尖,基部不同程度偏斜,与文献记录差异较大;单株间种子形态表现出从卵形、长卵形至细长形或近锥形的变异。单株平均种长变幅为25.05~35.66 mm,种宽为13.30~19.62 mm,长宽比为1.47~2.32,单因素方差分析表明此3个性状单株间差异极显著(p<0.01)。灰白色种皮具褐色斑块,种脐和胚位于种子基部,种子先端突尖或具短喙是稳定的性状,有重要的分类学价值。     

峨眉四照花的种子萌发特性

峨眉四照花〔Dendrobentham ia capitatavar.em eiensis(Fang etHsieh)Fang etW.K.Hu〕为落叶灌木或小乔木,原产于四川峨眉山。由于峨眉四照花的天然出苗率低且死亡率高,导致其资源日趋减少。目前,仅有一些关于四照花属植物栽培及繁育的研究报道[1,2],尚未见峨眉四照花的相关研究报道。为此,作者对不同条件下峨眉四照花种子的萌发特性进行了研究,旨在为峨眉四照花的人工繁育提供一定的实验依据。1材料和方法1.1材料2005年10月于四川峨眉山海拔1 500 m处采集峨眉四照花种子,经低温沙藏后,于翌年3月进行发芽实验。1.2方法用质量分数0.3%的…     

Identification of immunogens of Mycoplasmapneumoniae by protein blotting

Proteins of $\text{Mycoplasma}\text{pneumoniae}$ were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to a nitrocellulose sheet by blotting. Sera obtained from infected hamsters and immunized rabbits were then incubated with the nitrocellulose strips. Proteins which are capable of eliciting antibodies were detected by indirect immunoradioautography using ¹²⁵I-labeled antisera against hamster or rabbit IgG. Antibodies to seven immunogens were demonstrated in the sera of hamsters infected with $\text{M.}\text{pneumoniae}$ by inhalation, while many more proteins were found to be capable of stimulating antibodies in rabbits immunized parenterally with mycoplasmas. This method should prove useful for identifying those components of a microorganism which elicit antibody responses and contribute to the protective state.