A rapid method for detecting fungi-toxic substances

A simple and rapid technique is reported for the preliminary screening of fungi-toxic extracts/samples by direct spotting onto silica gel plates and subsequent over-spraying with a fungal spore suspension. After incubation fungi-toxicity is indicated by a growth inhibition zone, the area of which is related to the concentration of the sample.B.K. Rana and V. Taneja are with the Department of Biochemistry. Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; U.P. Singh is with the Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.     

灵芝孢子粉中氨基酸和微量元素的分析

本文用氨基酸自动分析仪测定了灵芝孢子粉中的19种氨基酸,其总含量为7.20g/100g,其中牛磺酸(含0.02g/100g)为作者首次测得。我们还用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES法)测定了灵芝孢子粉中14种微量元素和8种常量元素,其中Ge的含量为5.9mg/kg,Hg、As、Pb的含量依次为<0.01、1.5、2.2mg/kg,而P、Fe、Zn等有益元素的含量介于0.12×10~3mg/kg与6.22×10~3mg/kg之间。     

灵芝对小鼠空间分辨学习与记忆的影响

本文用Y-型迷宫法测试小鼠空间分辨行为。实验结果表明,每日ig灵芝2.58/kg共7d,有明显促进学习的作用。每日ig灵芝2.5g/kg共7d或ig灵芝5g/kg共7d都能显著地拮坑东莨菪碱所致学习障碍的作用。此外,学习训练后立即ig灵芝2.5g/kg或ig灵芝5g/kg也有明显地改善东莨菪碱损害记忆巩固的作用。     

特种油料植物的种质资源研究

本文对特种油料植物的种质资源研究进行综述,这些植物包括含长链脂肪酸的Crambe,Limnanthes,Lunaria,短链脂肪酸的Cuphea,Lauraceae,羟基脂肪酸的Lesquerella,环氧脂肪酸的Vernonia,Stokesia,以及液体蜡酯的simmondsia等科、属的植物。     

银木种内化学类型研究

毛细管气相色谱／质谱／计算机联用仪器分析结果表明,在四川省成都市一人工种植的银木（Ｃｉｎｎａｍｏｍｕｍｓｅｐｔｅｎｔｒｉｏｎａｌｅ）种群中,其枝叶精油主要化学组成在各植株间存在很大差异,发现精油存在１,８－桉叶油素,樟脑,异丁香酚甲醇和９－氧代橙花叔醇等四个化学类型．除异丁香酚甲醚类型外,其余类型均为第一次报道．综观樟属其它种的化学类型研究可见,化学类型在樟属植物中普遍存在种内多型性和种间共性．     

Determination of substrate utilization patterns of soil microbial communities: An approach to assess population changes after hydrocarbon pollution

Abstract: Changes in hydrocarbon content in soils resulted in characteristic shifts of the substrate utilization patterns as tested with the Biolog system. The altered patterns of substrate utilization corresponded to similar changes in abundance of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria and the occurrence of specific bacterial groups in the soils. Substrate utilization patterns as recorded with the Biolog system are suitable for rapidly assessing dynamics of autochthonous soil communities and evaluating their biodegradative potential.     

Importance of spore mutants for fed-batch and continuous fermentation of Bacillus subtilis

To alleviate plasmid instability and to prolong the production phase of subtilisin, integrable plasmid and spore mutants are used. Compared with batch-type shake flask cultures, spore mutants' ability to produce subtilisin can be well pronounced in fed-batch and continuous cultures. Hence, the two culture methods make it possible to identify the peculiar characteristics of the spore mutants unobtainable in batch culture. Spore mutants can enhance subtilisin productivity and prolong subtilisin production time in fed-batch culture as well as enable us to use very low dilution rates (<0.1 h(-1)) without losing productivity in continuous culture, thereby improving the conversion yield of the nitrogen source. At 0.05 h(-1) the spollG mutant of Bacillus subtilis DB104 (Deltanpr Deltaapr) (Em(r)) spollG (Bim(r)):: pMK101 (Cm(r)) showed a subtilisin yield about ten times higher than that from wild-type DB104 (Deltanpr Deltaapr)::pMK101 (Cm(r)). (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Effect of long term feeding of rice bran oil upon lipids and lipoproteins in rats

The effects of feeding two levels of rice bran oil (RBO) on the growth, lipid parameters, and fatty acid composition of the plasma and liver of rats (Wistar strain) were compared with those produced on animals which had been fed the same levels of peanut oil (PNO). The control animals were fed synthetic diets containing 5 and 20% peanut oil (PNO) and the experimental groups were fed similar diets, containing the same level of rice bran oil (RBO). There was no significant difference with respect to the organ weights between the control and the experimental groups. In general, groups fed 20% oil gained more weight than groups fed 5% oil. The animals which received rice bran oil in their diet had, in general, comparatively lower levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. On the other hand, animals receiving 20% rice bran oil in their diet, showed an increase of 20% in high density lipoproteins (HDL-C), within 18 weeks (p<0.05), when compared to the animals fed with peanut oil. Similarly, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were lower in RBO-fed groups, than in the PNO-fed groups. There was, however, no significant differences in the cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) ratio of the two groups. Analysis of plasma and of liver fatty acids indicated, in a general way, the type of fat consumed. There were no significant difference in the P/S ratio, nor any in the oleic/linoleic, oleic/stearic, palmitoleic/palmitic, oleic/palmitic, and oleic/palmitoleic ratios. Furthermore, levels of saturated (SAFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids were identical in both the groups. Thus, our results suggest that feeding a high level of rice bran oil (RBO) has no deleterious effect on the growth and blood lipid profile of rats.Abbreviations PNO peanut oil - RBO rice bran oil - HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol - LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol - VLDL-C very low density lipoprotein cholesterol - SAFA saturated fatty acids - MUFA mono-unsaturated fatty acids     

Taxonomy of Pinus species based on the seed oil fatty acid compositions

 The fatty acid compositions of the seed oils from ten pine species have been established by capillary gas-liquid chromatography of the methyl esters. With regard to either normal fatty acids or Δ5-olefinic acids, the general pattern of fatty acids did not differ from that of other pine seed oils reported previously. The main fatty acid was linoleic (9,12–18:2) acid (44.4–57.1%), followed by either oleic (9–18:1) acid (13.4–24.5%) or pinolenic (5,9,12–18:3) acid (1.5–25.2%). When applying multivariate analyses to the chemometric data (13 variables) of 49 pine species (ca. 40% of the living pine species), it was possible to distinguish between several sections: Pinea, Longifolia, Halepensis, Ponderosa-Banksiana, Sylvestris, and Cembra. The latter section was clearly divided into two sub-groups. A few species that presented a low overall content of Δ5-olefinic acids, and that grow in warm-temperate regions, were isolated from the bulk of other pine species. It is hypothesized that Δ5-olefinic acids might be related to cold-acclimation. Received: 5 June 1997 / Accepted: 17 August 1997