A Karyological Study on Fritillaria from Xinjiang

Fritillary is a precious Chinese medicinal herb. Those native to Xinjiang Northwest China, are even more distinguished from other sources for their purity and effectiveness. Fritillaria in Xinjiang comprises 8 native species and one (F. thunbergii Miq.) introduced from Zhejiang, East China. In this paper the authors describe the karyotypes of 6 species native to Xinjiang and F. thunbergii Miq., of which five, i.e.F. olgae Vved., F. walujewii Regel, F. yuminensis X. Z. Duan, F. karelinii (Fisch.) Baker and F. thunbergii Miq. were studied for the first time. Detail observation and measurment of chromosomes in each of them were made. The data obtained may be summarized as follows: scietific name karyotype formula (2n=) F. pallidiflora Schrenk 2m + 2sm + 6st + 14t F. olgae Vved. 4m + 6st + 14t F. walujewii Regel 2m + 2sm + 8st+ 12t F. yuminensis X. Z. Duan 4m + 8st + 12t F. verticillata Willd 4m + 8st + 12t F. karelinii (Fisch.) Baker 4m + 4sm + 4st + 12t F. thunbergii Miq. 2m + 2sm + 4st + 16t The karyotype of the native species are, on the whole, similar to each other except that of F. karelinii (Fisch.) Baker, a species inhabiting desert areas. The number of m-sm chromosomes has increased from 2 to 4 and the number of st-t chromosomes decreased correspondently. So is the karyotype of F. thunbergii Miq. which is noted for its high ratio of long chromosome/short chromosome and the more t-chromosomes. These two peculiar karyotypes coincide amazingly with their specific natural habitats.     

水杨酸对高温胁迫下皖贝母生理生化特性的影响及其时效性研究

以盆栽皖贝母幼苗为试验材料,分别于叶面喷施0.5mmol/L水杨酸(SA)溶液后1、3、5、7d进行高温(36℃)胁迫24h,再进行恢复生长(昼25℃/夜20℃)48h,研究外源SA缓解皖贝母高温胁迫伤害的可行性及其时效性。结果显示:叶面喷施SA后3d内可显著提高皖贝母幼苗叶绿素a及可溶性蛋白含量,显著降低其相对电导率及MDA含量;同时可增强皖贝母幼苗叶片SOD、POD活性,抑制CAT活性。但上述作用效果在叶面喷施SA后5d明显减弱,7d后则几乎完全丧失。研究表明,0.5mmol/L外源SA能通过提高渗透调节物质含量和保护酶活性来有效减轻高温对皖贝母叶片的伤害,且其有效作用时间为3d。     

Pathogenic analyses of fungus strains isolated from medicinal Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim. bulb rot

Bulb rot causes a great loss of rare perennial medicinal Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim., which is exacerbated with growth year and seriously constrains the plant productivity, but the pathogens responsible for the disease were still unknown. In this paper, we attempted to explore the potential pathogens leading to bulb rotting and their occurrence patterns in artificial domesticated F. przewalskii. Fungus strains were isolated from the bulb rot spot of the 3‐ to 5‐year‐old diseased F. przewalskii plants by tissue separation, further assayed for pathogenicity according to Koch's law and finally identified by both morphological and molecular methods. Seven pathogenic strains (F1‐F7) were detected in 5‐year‐old rot bulbs, six (F1‐F6) in 4‐year‐old rot bulbs and four (F1, F2, F5, F6) in 3‐year‐old rot bulbs. All of the strains were able to infect bulbs by stabbing and some exhibited varying levels of aggressiveness. Relative to the non‐stabbing controls, the bulbs stab‐inoculated with F5, F2, F7, F4, F1, F6, and F3 showed 76.65%, 75.15%, 71.44%, 40.37%, 39.09%, 36.87%, and 34.93% rot after 8 days, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these seven strains were clustered into Bionectria ochroleuca (F1, F3, F4), Fusarium oxysporum (F2, F7), Fusarium tricinctum (F5), and Clonostachys rosea (F6). The two species of Fusarium had the strongest pathogenicity, followed by Bionectria ochroleuca and Clonostachys rosea. Although leading to low bulb rot incidence by stab inoculation, F1 showed the highest isolation rate (48.9%) among all strains. Thus, the edible and medicinal bulbs of F. przewalskii are susceptible to synergetic contamination by these seven pathogens at some point after their third year of growth, which has contributed to the species endangered status, with the two strains of Fusarium being the predominant pathogens. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the seven strains of four fungal species causing F. przewalskii bulb rot in China.     

不同产地浙贝母生物碱含量及其合成相关基因表达研究

为了探究浙贝母(Fritillaria thunbergii)药效成分积累量与生物碱合成相关基因表达水平之间的关系,该研究采用UPLC-MS、qPCR技术分别测定不同产地11个样品中总生物碱(贝母素甲和贝母素乙之和)含量和3个参与生物碱合成途径相关基因(HMGR、FPS和DXR)的表达量,同时运用生物统计学方法分析成熟期鳞茎生物碱含量与各基因表达量之间的相关性。结果表明:不同产地浙贝母成熟期鳞茎总生物碱含量存在显著差异(P<0.05),为0.2105% ～ 0.4612%; HMGR和FPS基因在盛花期组织表达、盛花期至成熟期鳞茎表达变化趋势同生物碱含量变化趋势基本一致; DXR基因在成熟期鳞茎中表达量最高,盛花期组织表达、盛花期至成熟期鳞茎表达变化趋势同生物碱含量变化趋势大体不一致; HMGR、FPS基因表达量分别与贝母素甲、贝母素乙和总生物碱含量呈显著或极显著正相关性(P<0.05或P<0.01),以FPS基因表达量与生物碱含量相关系数为最高,相关系数分别为0.672,0.631,0.664,DXR基因与生物碱含量呈低度相关性。由此可以推断,生物碱的积累受MVA途径中HMGR、FPS基因协同调控或者修饰作用明显,受MEP途径中DXR基因调控作用不明显。     

复方浙贝母药物血清抑制L1210/CDDP细胞增殖与诱导凋亡研究

目的：观察复方浙贝药物血清抑制耐顺铂的小鼠淋巴细胞系（L1210/CDDP）增殖和诱导凋亡效应,并在此基础上探讨复方浙贝颗粒逆转白血病细胞多药耐药机制。方法：MTT法测定不同浓度组复方浙贝颗粒含药血清抑制L1210/CDDP增殖;Annex-in-V/PI双染经流式细胞仪（FCM）定量检测其含药血清诱导L1210/CDDP细胞早期凋亡率。结果：不同剂量复方浙贝颗粒含药血清组均具有抑制L1210/CDDP细胞增殖效应,对其凋亡抑制率分别为：29.27%（高剂量组）、31.78%（中剂量组）、21.20%（低剂量组）、25.31%（阿霉素组）;实验各组的A570nm与空白对照组比较明显下降（P〈0.01）。经FCM双荧光法检测其能够诱导L1210/CDDP细胞早期凋亡,实验各组凋亡率分别为：55.12%（中剂量血清组）、34.23%（低剂量组）、25.69%（高剂量组）,24.65%（空白血清组）。结论：复方浙贝颗粒含药血清能够明显抑制L1210/CDDP细胞增殖,并能诱导其凋亡。     

Cytotoxic alkaloids from the bulbs of Fritillaria hupehensis

Phytochemical investigation of the bulbs of Fritillaria hupehensis resulted in the isolation and structural elucidation of four new steroidal penta- and hexacyclic veratraman- and cevan-based alkaloids, respectively, compounds 1-4. They were obtained together with the known constituents ebeinine (5) and zhebeinine (6), which were isolated for the first time from this plant. The structures of the new isolates were established by spectroscopic and mass-spectrometric analyses, in combination with chemical methods. All compounds were assayed for their cytotoxic effects towards HeLa and HepG2 cell lines. Compounds 1 and 2 showed significant inhibitory effects against both types of tumor cells, with IC(50) values in the range 2.52-0.23 microM, similar as those for 5-fluorouracil used as positive control.     

湖北产贝母属植物生物碱成分研究进展

叙述了湖北省产贝母属植物中生物碱成分的结构、理化常数及光谱特征     

遮光和施氮对暗紫贝母生长和C-N平衡的影响

为了了解暗紫贝母对资源变化的适应策略,本研究通过田间控制试验,研究了遮光和施氮对暗紫贝母生物量、生物量分配,以及叶、根C、N状态的影响。结果表明：遮光和施氮处理后,暗紫贝母生物量均减少;遮光下叶片的生物量分配相对增加,叶根生物量比显著升高（P<0.05）,但施氮处理下叶根生物量比的变化不明显;遮光和施氮后,暗紫贝母叶、根N含量均显著升高（P<0.05）,叶片和根的C：N显著降低（P<0.05）;相关分析显示,叶片N、C：N与暗紫贝母总生物量、叶根生物量比有极显著的相关性（P<0.01）。本研究表明,与生物量分配相比,C-N平衡,尤其是叶片的C：N比能更好的解释暗紫贝母对资源变化的适应。     

伊贝母葡萄孢盘(新种)的分类学研究

在陕西省太白县采集到伊贝母(Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk.)的菌核病致病真菌,伊贝母葡萄孢盘 Botryotinia fritillarii-pallidiflori Q.T.Chen et J.L.Li sp.nov.新种。并报道了其形态特征及其与椭圆葡萄孢 [Botrytis elliptica(Berk.)Cooke]和驴蹄草葡萄孢盘(Botryotinia calthae Hennebert et Elliott)的区别。     

AMD与CHM对伊贝母茎段鳞茎发生及过氧化物酶同工酶的影响

伊贝母黄化茎段培养在含有NAA 0.5 mg/1 6BA 0.2 mg/l的MS培养基上。鳞茎发生过程中过氧化物酶活性及同工酶带逐渐增加。AMD和CHM都抑制鳞茎的发生,茎段培养后最初12 h对AMD最为敏感,以后敏感程度逐渐减弱,茎段对CHM的敏感程度更强,敏感时期亦更长。茎段培养后过氧化物酶活性和同工酶的出现和增加受到CHM的抑制,而不受AMD的抑制。