全程心理疏导预防全麻术后导尿管刺激躁动的临床观察

目的:评价全程心理疏导预防全身麻醉术后导尿管刺激躁动的临床效果。方法:全麻下实施胆囊切除手术的80例男性患者为观察对象,随机均分为全程心理疏导组(Ⅰ组)和对照组(Ⅱ组),每组40例。Ⅰ组:术前、麻醉诱导前、苏醒后均对患者施行个体化心理疏导,根据患者具体情况进行沟通,解除其焦虑与恐惧心理。Ⅱ组:常规访视,不进行全程心理疏导。飞利浦多功能监测仪连续监测ECG、HR、SpO2及每3分钟监测一次BP,记录入室后MAP、HR的基础值(T0)、术毕(T1)、拔管后3 min(T2)、10 min(T3)、20min(T4)的血流动力学变化,观察记录拔管后患者因尿管刺激引发躁动评分。结果:Ⅰ组患者苏醒期对尿管刺激反应程度明显低于Ⅱ组,患者在苏醒期血压、心率也较稳定。结论:全程心理疏导可以预防、减轻全麻术后因导尿管刺激而引发的躁动。     

不同麻醉方式对子宫切除患者血液动力学的影响*

目的:探索全麻复合硬膜外麻醉和全身麻醉用于子宫切除术对血液动力学的影响。方法:36例行子宫切除术患者,随机分成全麻组(A组,18例)和硬膜外+全麻组(B组,18例),采用Swan-Ganz导管技术,监测手术时血液动力学变化。结果:A组HR、MAP、CVP、SVR及CI均明显增加,SV无明显变化;B组除CVP明显上升外,其余各指标均无明显变化。结论:全麻复合硬膜外麻醉下施行子宫切除术,能减轻术中应激反应,稳定血液动力学。     

Cold-induced anesthesia impairs path integration memory in dung beetles

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Genetic Manipulation of the Mouse Developing Hypothalamus through In utero Electroporation

Genetic modification of specific regions of the developing mammalian brain is a very powerful experimental approach. However, generating novel mouse mutants is often frustratingly slow. It has been shown that access to the mouse brain developing in utero with reasonable post-operatory survival is possible. Still, results with this procedure have been reported almost exclusively for the most superficial and easily accessible part of the developing brain, i.e. the cortex. The thalamus, a narrower and more medial region, has proven more difficult to target. Transfection into deeper nuclei, especially those of the hypothalamus, is perhaps the most challenging and therefore very few results have been reported. Here we demonstrate a procedure to target the entire hypothalamic neuroepithelium or part of it (hypothalamic regions) for transfection through electroporation. The keys to our approach are longer narcosis times, injection in the third ventricle, and appropriate kind and positioning of the electrodes. Additionally, we show results of targeting and subsequent histological analysis of the most recessed hypothalamic nucleus, the mammillary body.     

反毒为药：精准控制河鲀毒素用作局部麻醉药的新进展

钠离子通道阻断剂河鲀毒素(TTX)是致命的毒素之一,却是极具价值的神经生物学和生理学等生命科学研究领域的工具药.近年来,越来越多的研究指出,TTX具有强大的局部麻醉潜能,有望成为替代氨基酯类和氨基酰胺类局部麻醉药、避免阿片类药物滥用的新型麻醉药物.本文综述TTX局部麻醉应用的辅助药物、TTX缓释及控释给药系统等相关研究,旨在为局部麻醉新药研发提供参考并探讨新的思路.     

针刺麻醉复合小剂量瑞芬太尼用于甲状腺良性结节消融术的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨小剂量瑞芬太尼复合针刺麻醉在甲状腺良性结节消融术中的麻醉镇痛效果。方法:选取2015年6月至2016年6月在我院进行甲状腺良性结节射频消融术的患者71例,并将其随机分为对照组(n=35)和复合麻醉组(n=36)。对照组患者接受单纯芬太尼麻醉,复合麻醉组患者接受小剂量瑞芬太尼复合针刺麻醉,观察和比较两组患者麻醉前(T0)、麻醉后(T1)、消融术中(T2)、手术结束(T3)时患者的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(HPO_2)和VAS评分。结果:复合麻醉组患者T2和T3时间点MAP(95.00±6.09,90.86±3.23)(P0.05)、HR值(65.19±3.52,75.03±6.00)均显著低于对照组(P0.05),HPO_2水平(98.78±1.15,97.81±1.47)均显著高于对照组(P0.05),VAS评分(3.25±1.38,1.69±1.43)均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:电针刺激结合小剂量瑞芬太尼复合麻醉用于甲状腺良性结节消融术可有效镇痛并维持较稳定的血压和心率,效果明显优于单纯芬太尼麻醉。     

硬膜外复合全身麻醉对开胸手术患者血流动力学和应激反应的影响研究

目的:研究硬膜外复合全身麻醉对开胸手术患者血流动力学和应激反应的影响。方法:选取120例我院2015年1月到2016年1月收治的开胸手术患者,按照随机数字表法将患者分为研究组和对照组,对照组给予单纯全麻,研究组给予硬膜外复合全身麻醉,比较两组苏醒时间、苏醒期收缩压、舒张压、心率及烦躁情况,并比较两组术前、术后72 h血糖、皮质醇以及肾上腺素水平。结果:两组苏醒时间比较无统计学意义(P0.05),苏醒期研究组收缩压、舒张压及心率、烦躁发生率均较对照组降低(P0.05);两组术前血糖、皮质醇及肾上腺素比较无统计学差异(P0.05);术后72 h,两组血糖、皮质醇及肾上腺素均升高(P0.05);研究组血糖、皮质醇及肾上腺素均较对照组降低(P0.05)。结论:硬膜外复合全身麻醉应用于开胸手术能显著提高患者苏醒期苏醒质量,稳定血流动力学,改善其应激反应。     

下腹部手术麻醉中不同靶浓度瑞芬太尼与异丙酚的作用研究

目的研究下腹部手术麻醉患者应用不同靶浓度瑞芬太尼和异丙酚的作用效果。方法将我院收治的下腹部手术麻醉患者为研究对象,并按随机分组法分为3组,均固定瑞芬太尼靶浓度,A组为6ng/ml,B组为8ng/ml,C组为10ng/ml,同时改变异丙酚靶浓度,范围为2~4μg/ml,观察比较各组的麻醉效果。结果 T1时刻A组的收缩压(SBR)高于B组,心率(HR)高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而T2、T3时刻比较,A组的SBR以及HR均较B、C组高(P0.05)。随时间推移,去甲肾上腺素(NE)各时点比较,T1时刻A组的NE高于C组,而血清皮质醇(COR)低于B、C组;T2、T3时刻A组的NE均显著高于B、C组,但3组COR变化无显著差异性(P0.05)。C组自主呼吸恢复时间、拔除气管导管时间、指令反应时间和离室时间均较长,而其睁眼时间较短(P0.05)。结论将瑞芬太尼靶浓度调节为8ng/ml,可取得较为明显的麻醉镇痛效果。     

舒芬太尼复合小剂量咪达唑仑在下肢骨折椎管内麻醉前的应用观察

目的观察舒芬太尼复合小剂量咪达唑仑在下肢骨折椎管内麻醉前的应用效果。方法选取我院收治的下肢骨折患者450例,采取数字随机法分为观察组和对照组。对照组在椎管内麻醉前给予小剂量咪达唑仑,观察组在对照组的基础上于椎管麻醉前加用舒芬太尼,比较两组的应用效果。结果观察组给药后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)水平均低于入室时(P0.05),而且也明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组血氧饱和度(SpO2)水平在入室时、给药后比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组给药后30、45min的镇静、镇痛效果评分均高于对照组(P0.05),而且观察组给药后45min的镇静、镇痛效果评分低于给药后30min(P0.05)。结论舒芬太尼复合小剂量咪达唑仑在下肢骨折椎管内麻醉前的应用效果显著,可达到镇静、止痛作用。     

Local Anesthetics and Antipsychotic Phenothiazines Interact Nonspecifically with Membranes and Inhibit Hexose Transporters in Yeast

Action mechanisms of anesthetics remain unclear because of difficulty in explaining how structurally different anesthetics cause similar effects. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, local anesthetics and antipsychotic phenothiazines induced responses similar to those caused by glucose starvation, and they eventually inhibited cell growth. These drugs inhibited glucose uptake, but additional glucose conferred resistance to their effects; hence, the primary action of the drugs is to cause glucose starvation. In hxt⁰ strains with all hexose transporter (HXT) genes deleted, a strain harboring a single copy of HXT1 (HXT1s) was more sensitive to tetracaine than a strain harboring multiple copies (HXT1m), which indicates that quantitative reduction of HXT1 increases tetracaine sensitivity. However, additional glucose rather than the overexpression of HXT1/2 conferred tetracaine resistance to wild-type yeast; therefore, Hxts that actively transport hexoses apparently confer tetracaine resistance. Additional glucose alleviated sensitivity to local anesthetics and phenothiazines in the HXT1m strain but not the HXT1s strain; thus, the glucose-induced effects required a certain amount of Hxt1. At low concentrations, fluorescent phenothiazines were distributed in various membranes. At higher concentrations, they destroyed the membranes and thereby delocalized Hxt1-GFP from the plasma membrane, similar to local anesthetics. These results suggest that the aforementioned drugs affect various membrane targets via nonspecific interactions with membranes. However, the drugs preferentially inhibit the function of abundant Hxts, resulting in glucose starvation. When Hxts are scarce, this preference is lost, thereby mitigating the alleviation by additional glucose. These results provide a mechanism that explains how different compounds induce similar effects based on lipid theory.