一种保藏小单孢菌的简便方法─滤纸保藏法

用滤纸法保藏７２株小单孢菌在冰箱１０℃无干燥条件下,保藏７年５个月后检查其存活率、抗菌活力,观察其形态特征、培养特征和生化特征。结果表明,所保藏的菌种全部存活,且抗菌活力、生理特征等保持原有菌株的特征水平。我们认为,用滤纸法保藏小单孢菌效果好,方法简便,适用于在临床上、工业生产上和科研中有实用价值的庆大霉素、小诺霉素、西梭霉素、小单孢菌的保藏。     

Molecular characterization of mitochondrial DNA of different subtypes of male-sterile cytoplasms of the sugar beet Beta vulgaris L.

Summary Mitochondrial (mt) DNA from eight cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms) lines of sugar beet from different breeding stations was investigated by restriction fragment analysis and Southern hybridization. All cms lines showed similar but not identical restriction and hybridization signal patterns, readily distinguishable from those of fertile (N) cytoplasm. Digestion of the mtDNA with BamHI, EcoRI, SalI, and XhoI revealed distinct differences between the sterile lines, and six subtypes of the S cytoplasm could be distinguished. Differences between the sterile lines were confirmed by hybridization with a gene probe revealing minor, line-specific hybridization signals. The data presented provide evidence for the existence of considerable variation within the only commercially used source of cms in the sugar beet, the Owen's type of cytoplasm.     

Foraging behaviors and the interaction of alewife,Alosa pseudoharengus,and bloater,Coregonus hoyi

Synopsis Alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, and bloater, Coregonus hoyi, are common planktivores in Lake Michigan. Both alewife and bloater use a variety of feeding modes. Alewives can filter, gulp and particulate feed; bloaters can only gulp and particulate feed. We examined handling time per prey and probability of capture for alewife and bloater particulate feeding on Mysis relicta. Using these estimates and available data for filtering alewives, cost curves were derived for alewife and bloater particulate feeding and for alewife using all three modes of feeding. Alewives filter small prey relative to their own body size and particulate feed on larger prey. Feeding mode appears to be dependent on prey size and density and shifts in feeding mode are apparently based on maximizing biomass eaten per time. The ability to filter confers a competitive advantage on alewife when small prey are abundant as they were in the mid 1960s in Lake Michigan. If the zooplankton are large, bloater young-of-year do not suffer this relative disadvantage. In fact, large bloaters can consume prey on the bottom not available to alewife. This shifting competitive balance may explain, in part, the observed dynamics of alewife and bloater.     

小波理论及其在医学信号处理中的应用

小波理论在最近几年发展极其迅速,它在不同领域中已取得了成功的应用．本文讨论小波和小波变换的性质,并借以小波理论是局部分析的有力工具,对一小段上医学信号的异常信息,可以很灵敏地通过小波系数反映出来．在医学信号处理中小波理论还能够被用作多功能滤波器．     

Measurement of filter paper activities of cellulase with microplate-based assay

It is always a challenge to determine the total cellulase activity efficiently without reducing accuracy. The most common total cellulase activity assay is the filter paper assay (FPA) established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). A new procedure to measure the FPA with microplate-based assay was studied in this work, which followed the main idea of IUPAC to dilute cellulase preparation to get fixed glucose release. FPAs of six cellulase preparations were determined with the microplate-based assay. It is shown that FPAs of cellulase Youtell, RCconc, R-10, Lerkam, Yishui and Sinopharm were 67.9, 46.0, 46.1, 27.4, 7.6 and 8.0 IU/ml respectively. There was no significant difference at the 95% confidence level between the FPA determined with IUPAC and the microplate-based assay. It could be concluded that the FPA could be determined by the microplate-based assay with the same accuracy and much more efficiency compared with that by IUPAC.     

武汉东湖后湖区浮游甲壳动物群落结构的研究

武汉东湖后湖湖区浮游甲壳动物群落结构从60年代至90年代发生了十分显的变化。浮游甲壳动物的物种丰度下降非常明显,枝角类的种类数从60年代的47种下降至90年代的17种,桡足类的种类数由60年代的14种下降为90年代的9种。60年代枝角类的优势种隆线Sou一亚种在90年代被短尾秀体Sou所取代,60年代的两种优势哲水蚤－长江新镖水蚤与特异荡镖水蚤的优势在90年代消失,而60年代很少的一种剑水蚤－台湾温剑水蚤在90年代跃升为优势种。随着滤食性鱼类密度的上升,枝角类的密度从60年代至90年代显下降。哲水蚤1997及1998年的密度明显低于60年代的密度。研究表明,浮游甲壳动物群落物种丰度的下降与后湖湖区沉水植被的退化有关,而优势种的演替主要受滤食性鱼类密度的影响。     

Application of the membrane filter technique to bromodeoxyuridine immunochemistry for exfoliative cytology

The membrane filter technique for smear specimens of tumors in bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunochemistry is described. The staining results of Raji cells processed using the filter technique was compared with that obtained by the conventional cytospin method. Although the BrdU mean labeling index (LI) for in cytospin specimens was almost the same as the LI in membrane filter specimens, filter specimens showed excellent staining and less cell destruction compared with those processed by cytospin. Small amounts of tumor specimens such as squamous cell carcinoma and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma also were processed using the membrane filter appliance. For squamous cell carcinoma, the LI for the filter specimens was 5.36 ± 0.38 and that of the paraffin sections was 5.56 ± 0.38. The membrane filter technique provided relatively undamaged specimens for exfoliative cytology and will be useful for immunohistochemical evaluation of tumor cells and for routine, noninvasive cytological screening.     

Tuning of photoreceptor spectral sensitivity in fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

Sexual communication between male and female fireflies involves the visual detection of species-specific bioluminescent signals. Firefly species vary spectrally in both their emitted light and in the sensitivity of the eye, depending on the time when each is active. Tuning of spectral sensitivity in three firefly species that occupy different photic niches was investigated using light and electron microscopy, microspectrophotometry, and intracellular recording to characterize the location and spectral absorption of the screening pigments that filter incoming light, the visual pigments that receive this filtered light, and the visual spectral sensitivity. Twilight-active species had similar pink screening pigments, but the visual pigment of Photinus pyralis peaked near 545 nm, while that of P. scintillans had a λ_max near 557 nm. The night-active Photuris versicolor had a yellow screening pigment that was uniquely localized, while its visual pigment was similar to that of P. pyralis. These results show that both screening and visual pigments vary among species. Modeling of spectral tuning indicates that the combination of screening and visual pigments found in the retina of each species provides the best possible match of sensitivity to bioluminescent emission. This combination also produced model sensitivity spectra that closely resemble sensitivities measured either with electroretinographic or intracellular techniques. Vision in both species of Photinus appears to be evolutionarily tuned for maximum discrimination of conspecific signals from spectrally broader backgrounds. Ph. versicolor, on the other hand, appears to have a visual system that offers a compromise between maximum sensitivity to, and maximum discrimination of, their signals. Accepted: 29 September 1999     

Conjugal transfer of streptococcal plasmids to strains of Bacillus sphaericus

Abstract The streptococcal plasmids pIP501, pDC10535 and pSM15346 coding for MLS resistance have been successfully transferred to Bacillus sphaericus strains 1593, 2297, 2362 and local strains after mating on filter. The transfer occurred at high frequency and was demonstrated electrophoretically. Conjugation in liquid media also took place but at lower frequency. The conjugation process was studied by electron microscopy. A kind of a bridge of electron-dense material between the mating cells has been observed. The addition of trypsin did not change significantly the transfer frequency in our experimental conditions.     

大肠埃希菌对化疗药物顺铂体外敏感性的探讨

目的通过体外细菌敏感性试验研究细胞周期非特异性化疗药物顺铂（Cisplatin,DDP）对条件性致病菌———大肠埃希菌的抑菌活性。方法分别用滤纸片法和96孔板法对顺铂的抑菌活性进行研究。其中,滤纸片法是以庆大霉素作为阳性对照,以生理盐水作为阴性对照,用直尺测不同浓度顺铂抑菌圈直径大小;96孔板法是用酶标仪测定吸光值,然后计算抑菌率。根据不同浓度大肠埃希菌的抑菌率曲线,利用origin 75拟合标准曲线做图并计算出能使50%大肠埃希菌死亡所需的顺铂使用剂量（IC50）。结果滤纸片法检测结果发现,5、2.5、1.25、0.625、0.313和0.156 mg/mL的顺铂对大肠埃希菌的抑菌圈大小分别为14、121、19、.678、.33和0 mm,而阳性对照6 670 IU/mL庆大霉素的抑菌圈大小为18 mm。96孔板法检测结果发现,顺铂对大肠埃希菌的抑制率均随用药剂量的增加而增大,呈＂S＂型曲线。用药后6、24、48和72 h时顺铂的IC50值分别为30.29、42.56、80.24和98.69μg/mL。结论顺铂对大肠埃希菌有抑制生长的作用;其抑菌作用随顺铂用药作用时间的延长而减弱。