经尿道前列腺电切(TURP)联合输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗前列腺增生症(BPH)合并膀胱结石的疗效观察

目的:观察分析经尿道前列腺电切(TURP)联合输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗前列腺增生症(BPH)合并膀胱结石的效果。方法:本组61例患者先行膀胱结石钬激光碎石,然后采用经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗前列腺增生症。结果:61例一次性治疗成功,术后结石无残留,排尿情况较前明显改善,IPSS评分均分由24.4分降到9.4分,最大尿流率由7.2 mL/s上升到19.5 mL/s。结论:钬激光碎石及TURP同期治疗前列腺增生合并膀胱结石是安全有效的方法。     

热作用致良性前列腺增生组织对KTP/Nd:YAG激光的吸收和散射特性变化

研究了热作用下的良性前列腺增生(BPH)组织对532 nm的KTP和1064 nm的Nd:YAG激光的吸收和散射特性的变化及其差异,实验采用双积分球测量系统以及反向倍增法获取BPH组织的吸收和散射特性。结果表明:热作用下的BPH组织对532 nm和1064 nm的吸收系数和约化散射系数都是随着加热温度的变化而变化的,在20℃到80℃的温度范围内,BPH组织对532 nm的吸收系数和约化散射系数都分别显著地较其对1064 nm的吸收系数和约化散射系数要大,其对532 nm和1064 nm的吸收系数的最大值都在20℃,其值分别为1.663 mm-1和0.127 mm-1,最小值分别在50℃和70℃,其值分别为0.864 mm-1和0.034 mm-1,其对532 nm和1064 nm的吸收系数的最大差异在70℃,其值为2647%,其对532 nm和1064 nm的约化散射系数的最大值都在80℃,其值分别为2.036 mm-1和1.421 mm-1,最小值分别在50℃和70℃,其值分别为1.499 mm-1和0.246 mm-1,其对532 nm和1064 nm的约化散射系数的最大差异在70℃,其值为555%,在70℃的热作用下BPH组织达到完全热凝固,其对532 nm和1064 nm的吸收和散射特性的差异达到最大值。     

BPH-1通过分泌PGE2上调前列腺间质细胞ERRα的表达

摘要 雌激素受体相关受体α（estrogen receptor-related receptor α,ERRα）是一类可以直接或间接参与雌激素应答反应的孤儿核受体,它与雌激素受体（estrogen receptor）在结构上有很强的同源性．雌激素效应在良性前列腺增生（benign prostatic hyperplasis,BPH）的发生和发展中起着重要的作用．通常,孤儿核受体的转录活性多受一些非经典激素如维生素A衍生物、前列腺素类、固醇的调控．本文研究前列腺上皮细胞分泌的活性因子对间质细胞ERRα表达调控的分子机制．收集前列腺增生上皮细胞系BPH-1和前列腺癌上皮细胞系DU-145的条件培养液（condition medium,CM）培养的间质细胞,采用实时定量RT-PCR和Western 印迹法检测前列腺间质细胞（prostate stromal cells,PrSCs）中ERRα的表达,筛选CM中影响ERRα表达的活性因子．研究结果显示,BPH-1的CM可以上调ERRα的表达,而DU-145的CM对ERRα的表达没有影响;BPH-1中合成前列腺素E2 (prostaglandin E2, PGE2)的限速酶——环氧合酶2（cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2）的mRNA表达水平和PGE2的分泌水平明显高于DU-145中COX-2表达水平和PGE2分泌水平;用经添加COX-2抑制剂NS-398的培养液处理BPH-1,其CM中PGE2的浓度明显下降,并失去了对ERRα表达的上调作用;添加PGE2可上调间质细胞中ERRα的表达．结果表明,BPH-1通过分泌PGE2促进间质细胞ERRa的表达,提示：在良性前列腺增生的发生和发展中,上皮细胞的旁分泌作用可促进间质细胞由ERRα介导的雌激素效应．     

Cytological evaluation of angiogenesis in endometrial aspirates

We conducted a comparative study of angiogenesis observed in endometrial aspirates according to histological type. Cytological specimens from 14 cases of proliferative phase endometrium, 21 cases of endometrial hyperplasia and 18 cases of well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma were used in the investigation. Immunohistochemical staining was performed according to standard methods using CD34 monoclonal antibody, and new vessels were examined. New vessels were identified in all of the histological types, but no morphological differences were seen. New vessels were observed in more cases of adenocarcinoma than in cases of normal tissue or hyperplasia, and the differences were significant. The difference between the maximum and minimum rates of occurrence of cell clusters possessing new vessels tended to be greater in adenocarcinoma than in the other tissue types (P < 0.05). Based on the above findings, examination of new vessels appearing in aspirated endometrial specimens appeared to be of help in differential diagnosis, but it also seemed necessary to take changes due to the menstrual cycle etc. into consideration.     

The association of a distinct plasma proteomic profile with the cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of Uyghur women: a 2D liquid-phase chromatography/mass spectrometry study

Objective: To identify plasma protein biomarkers of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) of Uyghur women by proteomics approach.

Methods: Plasma protein samples of Uyghur women with HSIL and chronic cervicitis were analyzed with 2D HPLC followed by detection of target proteins with Linear Trap Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (LTQ MS/MS).

Results: We detected three upregulated and one downregulated protein peaks representing protein constituents distinguishing HSIL from controls by 2D HPLC, identified 31 target proteins by LTQ MS/MS. Further confirmed analysis with online software IPA^® 8.7 and ELISA assay showed APOA1 and mTOR as potential biomarkers.

Conclusions: A distinct plasma proteomic profile may be associated with HSIL of Uyghur women.     

Cytokeratin immunoreactivity in lobular intraepithelial neoplasia.

Eighteen commercially available antibodies reactive against different cytokeratin proteins were tested on classic examples of lobular intraepithelial neoplasia (LIN) and of ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN) of the breast. About 90% of higher-grade DIN (AIDH and DCIS) show no or substantially diminished reaction with clone 34betaE12 (specified as reactive against keratins 1, 5, 10, and 14 as determined by the manufacturer), while the cells of LIN were found to express the antigen reactive with this antibody. To determine which of these four keratins are present in the cells of LIN, antibodies reactive against these individual four keratins were tested. None of the four antibodies to keratins 1, 5, 10, or 14 reacted with the cells of LIN. To investigate this further, 13 additional monoclonal antibodies to various other keratin proteins were tested on the cells of LIN. Those that successfully reacted with the cells of LIN were further tested on the cells of DIN. All of the individual antibodies reactive with the cells of LIN were also reactive with the cells of DIN to a degree, with clone RCK108 (reactive against keratin 19) coming the closest to demonstrating the reactivity seen with 34betaE12. We conclude that the reactivity seen in the cells of LIN with 34betaE12 is due to either (a) a crossreaction with keratin 19 that is slightly less prominent than the reaction of the individual clone RCK108, (b) a crossreaction with a keratin protein that was not tested (3, 11, 12), (c) a crossreaction with a protein closely resembling keratin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, or (d) the detection of a mutated or truncated form of keratin 1, 5, 10, or 14 that cannot be detected by the individual monoclonal antibody.     

The Clinical and Laboratory Studies of Superoxide Dismutase Activity in the Human Whole Blood with Early Gastric Cancer

In this study, we tried to evaluate the usefulness of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity in detecting gastric cancer. SOD was determined according to M. Minami and H. Yoshikawa. a simple and inexpensive assay method. For II fibrognstroscopy and pathological proved gastric cancer cases, the average levels of SOD activity was found significantly lower than 30 patients with gastric diseases, 8 patients with atypical hyperplasia and 32 controls.     

Novel naftopidil derivatives containing methyl phenylacetate and their blocking effects on α1D/1A-adrenoreceptor subtypes

α₁-Adrenoceptor (α₁-AR) antagonists are considered to be the most effective monotherapy agents for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). In this study, we synthesized compounds 2–17, which are novel piperazine derivatives that contain methyl phenylacetate. We then evaluated the vasodilatory activities of these compounds. Among them, we found that compounds 2, 7, 12, which contain 2-OCH₃, 2-CH₃ or 2, 5-CH₃, respectively, exhibited potent α₁-blocking activity similar to protype drug naftopidil (1). The antagonistic effects of 2, 7, and 12 on the (?)-noradrenaline-induced contractile response of isolated rat prostatic vas deferens (α_1A), spleen (α_1B) and thoracic aorta (α_1D) were further characterized to assess the sub receptor selectivity. Compared with naftopidil (1) and terazosin, compound 12 showed the most desirable α_1D/1A subtype selectivity, especially improved α_1A subtype selectivity, and the ratios pA₂ (α_1D)/pA₂ (α_1B) and pA₂ (α_1A)/pA₂ (α_1B) were 17.0- and 19.5-fold, respectively, indicating less cardiovascular side effects when used to treat LUTS/BPH. Finally, we investigated the chiral pharmacology of 12. We found, however, that the activity of enantiomers (R)-12 and (S)-12 are not significantly different from that of rac-12.     

Effects of Panax ginseng on the nerve growth factor expression in testosterone induced benign prostatic hyperplasia

The prostatic hyperplasia in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) leads to obstructive micturition symptoms. Previous studies showed that pontine micturition center (PMC), ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), and medial preopticnucleus (MPA) regions in the brain have been known to regulate the urinary bladder function. The present study shows the influences of Panax ginseng on nerve growth factor (NGF) expressions in PMC, vlPAG, and MPA regions in the brain. Wistar rats were used for the present study. The rats split into four groups; 4 groups (n = 6) in control group, BPH-induced group, BPH-induced and P. ginseng-treated group, and BPH-induced and finasteride-treated group. BPH in rats was induced by testosterone and the animals were evaluated for NGF expression in PMC, vlPAG, and MPA regions in the brain. The NGF expression was identified using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The NGF expression by IHC showed spots with dark brown color. In our results, NGF expressions in PMC, vlPAG, and MPA regions in the brainstem of the BPH-induced group showed increase than the control animal. These increased NGF expressions in three regions were decreased using treatment with P. ginseng (200 mg/kg). These results suggest that P. ginseng has therapeutic effects on the symptoms of BPH and is associated with the regulation of NGF expression in the brain. In conclusion, the administration of P. ginseng helps nerve growth factor activation.