The relationship between the presence of ADHD and certain candidate gene polymorphisms in a Turkish sample

Due to the high heritability of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), parents of children with ADHD appear to represent a good sample group for investigating the genetics of the disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ADHD and six polymorphisms in five candidate genes [5-HT2A (rs6311), NET1 (rs2242447), COMT (rs4818), NTF3 (rs6332), SNAP-25 (rs3746544) and (rs1051312)]. We included 228 parents of children diagnosed with ADHD and 109 healthy parents as the control group. The polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays and analyzed using the chi-square test and the multinomial logit model. SNAP-25 (rs3746544) polymorphism was associated with loading for ADHD, while 5-HT2A (rs6311) and NET1 (rs2242447) polymorphisms were associated with ADHD. On the other hand, there was no significant association between the SNAP-25 (rs1051312), NTF3 (rs6332), or COMT (rs4818) gene polymorphisms and ADHD.     

Racial regimes,comparative politics,and the problem of judgment

This review essay examines the practice of judgment that characterized the subfield of comparative politics from its origins in openly racist ideas of the capacity for self-rule through to its twentieth-century behavioralist and positivist iterations. Though continually faced with new political phenomena that called into question its inherited criteria of judgment, comparative politics tended to practice determinative rather than reflective judgment, that is, to subsume the particulars of other cultures under known rules. Further, the essay examines the racialized conception of self-rule described by Michael Hanchard as embedded in a larger problem of Western political thinking: the flight from action into rule and tendency to think of politics wholly in terms of ruling and being ruled.     

Teaching animal habitat selection using wildlife tracking equipment

We present a hands-on outdoor activity coupled with classroom discussion to teach students about wildlife habitat selection, the process by which animals choose where to live. By selecting locations or habitats with many benefits (e.g., food, shelter, mates) and few costs (e.g., predators), animals improve their ability to survive and reproduce. Biologists track animal movement using radio telemetry technology to study habitat selection so they can better provide species with habitats that promote population growth. We present a curriculum in which students locate “animals” (transmitters) using radio telemetry equipment and apply math skills (use of fractions and percentages) to assess their “animal's” habitat selection by comparing the availability of habitat types with the proportion of “animals” they find in each habitat type.     

CT诊断用于胰腺癌侵犯胰周动静脉的临床价值分析

目的：探究CT诊断对于胰腺癌侵犯胰周动静脉的临床价值。方法：随机选取在我院就诊的64例胰腺癌患者,在他们进行手术前全在距离肿瘤边缘1cm内的血管进行分期和诊断进而进行螺旋CT检查。结果：经组织学术后病理切片染色发现胰周动脉29条,静脉48条。运用外科手术探查方法发现86条胰周动脉,89条胰周静脉。在这些血管中,有23条动脉、47条静脉经外科手术证实的确是肿瘤侵犯,并且经过CT诊断,我们最终断定为有25条动脉、46条静脉处于1～4级。结论：胰周动、静脉受到侵犯时,具有不同的CT表现特征,因此在利用CT方法判断胰周动、静脉遭受侵犯时应当根据不同情况不同对待。     

过敏性眼表疾病的临床特点及诊治研究

目的:对过敏性眼表疾病的临床特点和相关的诊治方法进行分析探讨.方法:选取100例过敏性眼表疾病的患者,对其相应的临床资料进行回顾性分析、通过对过敏性眼表疾病的病史、症状、体征等临床特点进行统计,进而对诊治方法进行分析探讨.结果:50例患者有过敏性眼病史,90例患者表现为眼痒,89例患者表现有异物感,88例患者表现为结膜充血,76例患者表现有上眼睑结膜乳头,70例患者表现有上眼睑结膜滤泡.45例患者为常年过敏性结膜炎,30例患者为特异性结膜炎,10例患者为巨乳头结膜炎,80例患者为过敏性结膜炎,嗜酸性粒细胞的阳性率为100％.经过治疗后,57例患者得到缓解,7例患者得到明显改善,30例患者病情得到控制,且有9例重症患者在急性期应用了激素治疗,6例患者临床症状无明显改善.结论:过敏性眼表疾病的临床症状表现差异较大,对过敏性眼表疾病患者的临床特点做出准确的判断并给出正确及时的治疗,对过敏性眼表疾病患者的恢复有一定的临床意义.     

医学研究生临床生化专题全英教学的改革与实践思考

为培养高质量国际化有才能的医学研究生,对于已经学习过生物化学的国际医学留学研究生,开展了以与临床密切相关的生物化学专题为主要教学内容的全英文授课的教学实践和课程建设,取得了很好的教学效果.临床生化专题全英教学课程也可能适用于国内生物化学和医学相关专业的研究生,在今后的教学实践中需要继续研究和探索,以提高国内医学相关研究生的专业综合素质.     

肝胆外科住院医师规范化培训教学探讨

住院医师培训是医学教育中重要环节之一,是提高临床医疗水平的关键。因此,如何探索科学、合理的住院医师培养方案,已成为临床医学教育探索的重要课题。本文对肝胆外科住院医师规范化培训的实践进行了总结分析,希望对提高肝胆外科住院医师规范化培训效果起到一定的促进作用。     

西格列汀、罗格列酮分别联合二甲双胍治疗老年2型糖尿病的疗效观察

目的:观察并对比二肽基肽酶-Ⅳ抑制剂西格列汀、胰岛素增敏剂罗格列酮分别联合降糖药物二甲双胍治疗老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)的临床疗效.方法:入选2010年4月-2012年10月间我科收治的老年T2DM患者70例,并随机单盲分为A(n=36)、B(n=34)两组,A组患者予西格列汀+二甲双胍方案,B组予罗格列酮+二甲双胍方案,服药12周后对比两组血糖水平、临床疗效并药物不良反应.结果:①两组患者服药12周后,血糖指标均较治疗前明显下降(P＜0.05),A组患者2hPG水平明显低于B组水平(P＜0.05).②A组患者显效率(50.0％)、总体有效率(91.7％)略高于B组(38.2％、85.3％),差异不具有统计学意义(P＞0.05).③两组患者均未出现严重药物不良反应,两组不良反应发生率(19.4％vs.26.5％)无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:两种用药方案均是治疗老年T2DM的有效方案,西格列酮+二甲双胍方案较之罗格列酮+二甲双胍方案在临床疗效中具备比较优势,尤其是对降低餐后血糖优势明显.     

激素联合丙种球蛋白治疗小儿重症肌无力的疗效及对患儿免疫球蛋白和补体的影响

目的：探讨激素联合丙种球蛋白治疗小儿重症肌无力的临床疗效及对患儿免疫球蛋白和补体的影响。方法：回顾性分析在我院治疗的70例重症肌无力患儿的临床资料,采用随机序号的方式将其分为观察组和对照组各35例,观察组给予甲泼尼龙联合丙种球蛋白,对照组仅给予甲泼尼龙,观察两组的临床疗效及免疫球蛋白和补体变化情况。结果：观察组总有效率为94．3％明显优于对照组74．3％,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组症状明显缓解时间（6．55±1．35）d以及总住院天数（17．15±3．65）d较对照组明显缩短,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：采用激素联合丙种球蛋白治疗小儿重症肌无力,可以明显改善患者肌无力症状,获得较为满意的临床疗效,值得进一步推广使用。     

PBL联合CBL教学方法在胃肠外科临床见习教学中的应用

目的:探讨PBL联合CBL教学模式在医学生胃肠外科见习教学中的应用效果.方法:选取50名2008级胃肠外科见习医学生作为研究对象,将其随机分成两组:实验组采用PBL联合CBL教学模式,对照组则仅采用传统LBL教学模式.通过出科考核及问卷调查两种方式评价胃肠外科见习教学效果.结果:显示PBL+ CBL组的考试成绩要明显优于LBL组,差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05),并且见习后的问卷调查结果提示学生对PBL+ CBL的教学模式满意度较高.结论:我们的研究结果表明PBL+ CBL双轨教学模式受到学生欢迎,在提高学生理论知识水平方面比LBL模式更为有效.