Micropropagation of Frazinus angustifolia from mature and juvenile plant material

Micropropagation of Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl has been successfully achieved both from mature and juvenile plant material using shoot tip and nodal explants. Several basal media supplemented with benzyladenine (BA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA) were tested for shoot proliferation. The most new explants per mature explant (5.3) was obtained on DKW medium plus 4.4 M BA+0.98 M IBA. The most new explants per juvenile explant (5.6) was produced on QL medium plus 8.9 M BA+0.49 M IBA. Rooting was achieved on WPM supplemented with 0.98–4.9 M IBA. Rooted plantlets were transferred to soil and acclimatized with 85% survival.Abbreviations BA benzyladenine - IBA indolebutyric acid - NAA 1-naphthaleneacetic acid     

Rapid Communication: cis-Methyldioxolane Specifically Recognizes the m2 Muscarinic Receptor

Abstract: cis -Methyldioxolane (CD) is a muscarinic receptor agonist. [³H] CD has been used to label a subpopulation of muscarinic receptors described as exhibiting high agonist affinity. Pharmacological evidence suggests that the population of receptors labeled by [³H] CD consists of m2 and/or m4 subtypes; however, no studies have directly addressed the subtype selectivity of [³H] CD. The present study characterizes binding of this ligand to individual human receptor subtypes expressed in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. Results indicate that [³H] CD binds with high affinity only to Hm2 receptors but not to all Hm2 receptors. Twenty-eight percent of Hm2 receptors bound [³H] CD with a K _D of 3.5 ± 0.5 nM. Binding was eliminated in the presence of guanosine 5'- O -(3-thiotriphosphate), indicating that the Hm2 receptors labeled by [³H] CD are those that are associated with GDP-bound G protein. Binding of [³H] CD by only a subpopulation of Hm2 receptors is in agreement with data generated from studies of [³H] CD binding in mammalian brain. Because muscarinic receptors have been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, as well as the neurotoxicity of organophosphorus compounds, knowledge of the binding specificity of the muscarinic agonist [³H] CD should aid research in these areas.     

池鹭繁殖种群数量、活动规律和生物生产量的研究

本文报道池鹭种群数量变动,种群活动,雏鸟生长和生物生产量。种群活动可划分为适到期,运情期,繁殖期,同鸟活动期,集群活动和迁离期。１９９０,１９９１二年繁殖前种群密度分别为１３００只／ｈｍ＾２和１４０１只／ｈｍ＾２,繁殖后增加密度为２０８７只／ｈｍ＾２和２２４８只／ｈｍ＾２。雏鸟体重增长曲线议程为：Ｗ＝２８６／１＋ｅ＾－０．４０９（ｔ－１２．６）１９９０,１９９１年繁殖种群的生物生产量分别为１９７．     

田林老山中山两类森林凋落物研究

田林老山中山两类森林凋落物研究梁宏温（广西农学院林学分院,南宁５３０００１）ＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｔｈｅＬｉｔｔｅｒｆａｌｌｏｆＴｗｏＦｏｒｅｓｔＴｙｐｃｓｉｎＭｉｄ—ＡｌｔｉｔｕｄｅｏｆＬａｏｓｈａｎＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎｉｎＴｉａｎｌｉｎＣｏｕｎｔｙ．￥Ｌ...     

Some substrates and inhibitors of cytosolic epoxide hydrolase induce sister-chromatid exchanges in mammalian cells, but do not induce gene mutations in Salmonella typhimurium and V79 cells

Trans-stilbene oxide, trans-β-methylstyrene, 7,8-oxide, trans-β-ethylstyrene, 7,8-oxide, trans-β-propylstyrene 7,8-oxide and 4-fluorochalcone oxide were investigated for genotoxic activity in bacterial and mammalian cells, in the absence of external xenobiotic-metabolising systems. All compounds strongly enhanced the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in cultured human lymphocytes. None of them was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium (reversion of the his⁻ strains TA98, TA100 and TA104). The limit of detection was 1/20,000 to 1/10⁶ of the activity of the positive control, benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide, depending on the compound and the bacterial strain. Trans-β-methylstyrene 7,8-oxide and 4-fluorochalcone oxide were additionally tested for induction of SCE and gene mutations in the same target cells, namely Chinese hamster V79 cells. Their influence on the level of SCE was similar to that observed in human lymphocytes, whilst gene mutations (at the hprt locus) were not induced. The four investigated styrene oxide derivatives are known to be excellent substrates for a mammalian enzyme, cytosolic epoxide hydrolase (cEH). 4-Fluorochalcone oxide is a potent selective inhibitor of this enzyme and is structurally similar to the investigated styrene oxide derivatives. These properties of the test compounds however cannot explain the observed discrepancies in the results, since the genetic end point (SCE versus gene mutations) was decisive, and SCE were induced in cEH-proficient human lymphocytes as well as in cEH-deficient V79 cells.     

Nutrient fluxes in the shifting cultivation system of south-west Côte d'Ivoire

At two sites, one with a 4-year-old (4-Y) secondary vegetation and the other with a 20-year-old (20-Y) vegetation, the influence of burning slashed vegetation on crop performance was studied during three seasons. In the first season after clearing, also the influence on weed growth was studied. At both sites, burning significantly decreased the number of weed seedlings. The lowest number of seedlings was found on the burnt plots of the 20-Y site. Burning increased yield and nutrient uptake significantly in the first and second season after clearing. In the third season after burning, only at the 4-Y site a significantly higher yield and nutrient uptake were found. At the 20-Y site the effect had disappeared. Calculations of efficiency of utilization of absorbed N, P and K indicated that P was the least available nutrient, also after burning. At both sites three consecutive crops absorbed approximately 40% of P applied in ash, while the cumulative recovery of K was at least 36% at the 4-Y site and at least 59% at the 20-Y site. On non-burnt plots, yields were not lower in the third season than in the first season after clearing, thus indicating that the inherent soil fertility did not decrease. Hence, yield decline on the burnt plots could be ascribed to ash depletion. It was concluded that in the local shifting cultivation system, the combination of ash depletion and infestation of weeds are the main reasons for abandoning the fields.     

Heavy metals in some Chinese herbal plants

The concentrations of nine heavy metals, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, zinc and mercury in 42 Chinese herbal medicinal plants were determined. Generally, all the samples studied had, relative to the other trace metals, higher concentrations of iron, manganese, and zinc. The concentration range of the metals determined was comparable to that in many of the East Asian vegetables and fruits. A few samples were found to contain relatively higher concentrations of the toxic metals such as cadmium, lead, and mercury. This was probably caused by contamination during air-drying and preservation.     

用荧光指示剂Fura－2测定正常和电刺激后蛙肌胞浆自由Ca~（2＋）浓度

蛙半腱肌肌束负载Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ后,可用荧光信号Ｆ３４０、３８０ｎｍ波长比值（Ｒ３４０／３８０）反映胞浆内游离Ｃａ２＋浓度（〔Ｃａ２＋〕）。利用这一技术,我们发现长时间电刺激后的骨骼肌〔Ｃａ２＋〕,高于未刺激肌,Ｒ３４０／３８０分别为１．４９±０．５４（ｎ＝１０）和１．０２±０．２６（ｎ＝１０）。加入Ｃａ２＋载体伊屋诺霉素（ｉｏｎｏｍｙｃｉｎ,１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）后,正常肌与电刺激肌〔Ｃａ２＋〕,均上升,但刺激肌上升幅度低,持续时间短。说明电刺激至力竭后,细胞内有较多的Ｃａ２＋负载。增加细胞外Ｃａ２＋浓度至１５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,〔Ｃａ２＋〕ｉ下降。而给予Ｎａ＋－Ｃａ２＋交换阻断剂奎尼丁（１０４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）后,正常肌〔Ｃａ２＋〕ｉ上升,刺激肌〔Ｃａ２＋〕ｉ下降。结果提示：Ｎａ＋－Ｃａ２＋交换是正常骨胳肌外排Ｃａ２＋的途径之一;而长时间肌肉活动则可能使细胞膜Ｎａ＋－Ｃａ２＋交换方式改变,从而导致力竭肌〔Ｃａ２＋〕ｉ上升。     

中国瑟姬小蜂及二新种的描述（膜翅目：姬小蜂科）

瑟姬小蜂属Cirrospilus昆虫是鳞翅目,双翅目,特别是细蛾,潜叶蛾,潜叶蝇类及其他荫蔽性小幼虫或蛹的重要寄生蜂,有些也能重寄生于绒茧蜂和蜘蛛卵等中,本文除二新种描述外,还收入瑟姬小蜂六种。一并列于检索表中。     

Long-term changes in Noctiluca scintillans blooms along the Chinese coast from 1933 to 2020

Noctiluca scintillans is one of the most common harmful algal species and widely known due to its bioluminescence. In this study, the spatial distribution, seasonal variations, and long-term trends of N. scintillans blooms in China and the related drivers were analyzed and discussed. From 1933 to 2020, a total of 265 events of N. scintillans blooms were recorded in Chinese coastal waters, with a total duration of 1052 days. The first N. scintillans bloom occurred in Zhejiang in 1933, and only three events were recorded before 1980. From 1981 to 2020, N. scintillans caused harmful algal blooms (HABs) almost every year, both the average duration and the proportion of multiphase HABs showed an increasing trend. 1986–1992, 2002–2004, and 2009–2016 were the three peak periods with a frequency of no less than five events of N. scintillans blooms per year. In terms of spatial distribution, N. scintillans blooms spread from the Southeast China Sea to the Bohai Sea after 2000, Guangdong, Fujian, and Hebei were the three provinces with the highest numbers of recorded events of N. scintillans blooms. Moreover, 86.8% of the events of N. scintillans blooms occurred in spring (March, April, and May) and summer (June, July, and August). Among environmental factors, the dissolved inorganic phosphate, dissolved silicate and chemical oxygen demand were significantly correlated with the cell density of N. scintillans during N. scintillans blooms, and most of N. scintillans blooms were recorded in the temperature range of 18.0–25.0°C. Precipitation, hydrodynamics, water temperature, and food availability might be the main factors affecting the spatial–temporal distribution of N. scintillans blooms along the Chinese coast.