& 转录因子CBF在植物抗寒中的重要作用

低温能够诱导植物许多基因的表达,从而使植物具有抗寒性,这种现象称为冷驯化。对于植物冷驯化的分子机理,目前研究的最多的是CBF转录因子调控的信号转导途径,其作用途径可归纳为：CBF(C-repeat Binding Factor)转录因子→CRT/DRE(C-repeat /Dehydration Responsive Element)基序→COR基因表达→植物抗寒性增加。研究CBF转录因子在抗寒中的作用机制,能为提高植物的抗寒性,培育抗寒作物品种提供新方向。      

两种盲蝽的抗药性监测

本文从2009到2011年连续3年用马拉硫磷、毒死蜱、灭多威、三氟氯氰菊酯、吡虫啉、硫丹6种杀虫药剂诊断剂量监测了河北、河南、山东、安徽等重要棉产区绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dür)田间种群的抗药性。2010年马拉硫磷诊断剂量处理河北邱县、安徽望江田间种群死亡率95%以上;毒死蜱诊断剂量河南郑州、山东滨州,安徽地区的田间绿盲蝽死亡率大于80%;三氟氯氰菊酯诊断剂量死亡率接近95%以上;2010年安徽望江、2011年河北邱县、山东滨州、安徽无为田间种群在吡虫啉诊断剂量下的死亡率在78%～90%。点滴法对2011年各地绿盲蝽种群抗药性监测表明,各地绿盲蝽对毒死蜱、灭多威、吡虫啉均处于敏感阶段,对于马拉硫磷、三氟氯氰菊酯、硫丹大多处于低抗水平阶段。在对中黑盲蝽Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev3年的抗性监测中,作者发现种群抗性个体频率的出现更为普遍。     

Kinase-dependent adhesion to fibronectin: regulation by calreticulin

We studied the phosphorylation (activation status) of c-Src and CaMKII in MEFs either wild type for calreticulin, calreticulin-null, or rescued with full-length calreticulin. We found that calreticulin-null cells were poorly spread on the substratum and formed few, if any, focal contacts. Fibronectin expression and deposition were lower in calreticulin-null MEFs compared to calreticulin-expressing cells, which also exhibited increased c-Src and CaMKII phosphorylation (activity). Plating MEFs on preformed fibronectin rescued the poor adhesive phenotype of calreticulin-null cells, and caused a decrease in c-Src Y418 phosphorylation (activity). c-Src inhibition caused the calreticulin-null MEFs to become well spread on the substratum and to make many prominent focal contacts. Calmodulin and CaMKII inhibition caused similar results, along with a notable increase in paxillin phosphorylation (activation). To test if the calcium storage function of calreticulin was responsible for these effects, we manipulated intracellular [Ca(2+)]. Lowering [Ca(2+)](ER) caused an increase in c-Src phosphorylation and a decrease in fibronectin abundance. Conversely, increasing [Ca(2+)] caused opposite effects. These results suggest that calreticulin regulates both the c-Src and calmodulin/CaMKII pathways, enabling cells to be better spread on the substratum by allowing greater fibronectin deposition and increased focal contact formation.     

Overexpression of a TFIIIA-type zinc finger protein gene ZFP252 enhances drought and salt tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

We previously identified a salt and drought stress-responsive TFIIIA-type zinc finger protein gene ZFP252 from rice. Here we report the functional analysis of ZFP252 using gain- and loss-of-function strategies. We found that overexpression of ZFP252 in rice increased the amount of free proline and soluble sugars, elevated the expression of stress defense genes and enhanced rice tolerance to salt and drought stresses, as compared with ZFP252 antisense and non-transgenic plants. Our findings suggest that ZFP252 plays an important role in rice response to salt and drought stresses and is useful in engineering crop plants with enhanced tolerance to salt and drought stresses.     

豫医无毛小鼠分离近交系的建立及其遗传纯度测定

采用强迫杂合性史妹酱方式培育携带无毛突变基因的分离近交系,然后用生化标记法,皮肤移植实验和毛色基因测试法对其进行遗传监测。并对其基本生物学特性进行了研究。结果育成了具有独特生物学特性的豫医无毛小鼠分离近交系,现已达30代,生化标记法测定的9条染色体上13个生化标记位点全部纯合;同系异体间皮肤移植100天后,未见排斥现象,为同系组织遗传性;与DBA/2交配进行的毛色基因测试,杂交的F1代相同,全部为野生色,基因型为AABBccDD ,表明豫医无毛小鼠已成为一个达到国际标准的新品系。     

Vision and Eating Behavior

Objective: Eating behavior is influenced by internal and external factors. Vision is one part of the complex pattern of factors influencing the amount of food consumed during a meal. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of vision on the microstructure of eating behavior and the subjective motivation to eat. Research Methods and Procedures: Nine blind subjects and nine matched seeing control subjects consumed a standardized meal registered by VIKTOR, an eating monitor, measuring the microstructure of the eating behavior. The eating behavior of the control subjects was registered twice, with and without blindfold. Results: The eating behavior of the blind subjects did not differ from that of seeing control subjects. However, the eating behavior of seeing subjects eating with blindfold demonstrated a clear impact of vision on eating behavior. When blindfolded, subjects ate 22% less food (p < 0.05), had shorter meal durations (p < 0.05), and had less decelerated eating curves (p < 0.05). Despite a smaller amount of food consumed when blindfolded, the reported feeling of fullness was identical to that reported after the larger meal consumed without blindfold. Discussion: The importance of vision in regulating our eating behavior is further stressed in this study. Eating with a blindfold decreased the intake of food, without making subjects feel less full. Eating blindfolded, therefore, may force subjects to rely more on internal signals. These results might be used as an aid in the development of new treatment strategies for obese subjects.     

Life cycle assessment study of color computer monitor

The environmental performance of a color computer monitor is investigated by implementing a Life Cycle Assessment. The goal of this study is to collect LCI data of foreground systems, to identify hot spots, and to introduce life cycle thinking at the product design stage. Secondary data are used in the background system, and site-specific data are collected in the foreground system. Results show that the use phase is the most contributing phase. The operating mode and the energy saving mode during the overall use phase contribute to the total by 59% and by 9.9%, respectively. In the production phase, the cathode ray tube assembly process and the printed circuit board assembly process are the most contributing processes. The sensitivity analysis on the use pattern scenario shows that the contribution ratio of the use phase ranges from 32% to 84%. Even in the home use case, which is the best case scenario, the use phase is one of the most contributing processes to the environmental performance of the color computer monitor. There is no significant difference in the choice of the impact assessment methodologies for identifying the improvement opportunities. For the external use of Life Cycle Assessment in a short-run product for the market, it is recommended that Life Cycle Assessment should be carried out in parallel with the product design stage. It is also necessary to have a pre-existing, in-house database for a product group in order to accelerate life cycle procedures.     

外泌体在白血病中的重要调控作用

目前,白血病复发是患者死亡的主要原因之一。肿瘤细胞和微环境的相互作用,以及隐匿在骨髓中的肿瘤干细胞,促进了白血病的复发和向淋巴组织的转移,因此白血病的治疗、转移和复发问题受到广泛关注。外泌体是由绝大多数细胞分泌的双层脂质膜囊泡,可以调控细胞间的交流和信息传递。在白血病细胞、基质细胞和内皮细胞之间的相互联系中都涉及到外泌体,白血病细胞来源的外泌体存在于白血病患者的血浆中,能把其携带的白血病相关抗原及微小RNA呈递给靶细胞,促进白血病肿瘤细胞的增殖,有助于肿瘤细胞实现免疫逃避,保护白血病细胞抵抗化疗药物导致的细胞毒性作用,促进血管生成及肿瘤细胞的迁移。因此,外泌体与白血病的转移、治疗及预后密切相关,可以用来检测和监测白血病的进展。本文综述了外泌体的来源、形成与分泌机制,以及外泌体在白血病发生前、发展中、预后和免疫治疗中所扮演的重要角色。     

Genetic structure and gene flow among Komodo dragon populations inferredby microsatellite loci analysis

A general concern for the conservation of endangered species is the maintenance of genetic variation within populations, particularly when they become isolated and reduced in size. Estimates of gene flow and effective population size are therefore important for any conservation initiative directed to the long-term persistence of a species in its natural habitat. In the present study, 10 microsatellite loci were used to assess the level of genetic variability among populations of the Komodo dragon Varanus komodoensis. Effective population size was calculated and gene flow estimates were compared with palaeogeographic data in order to assess the degree of vulnerability of four island populations. Rinca and Flores, currently separated by an isthmus of about 200 m, retained a high level of genetic diversity and showed a high degree of genetic similarity, with gene flow values close to one migrant per generation. The island of Komodo showed by far the highest levels of genetic divergence, and its allelic distinctiveness was considered of great importance in the maintenance of genetic variability within the species. A lack of distinct alleles and low levels of gene flow and genetic variability were found for the small population of Gili Motang island, which was identified as vulnerable to stochastic threats. Our results are potentially important for both the short- and long-term management of the Komodo dragon, and are critical in view of future re-introduction or augmentation in areas where the species is now extinct or depleted.     

Dynamic monitoring of changes in endothelial cell-substrate adhesiveness during leukocyte adhesion by microelectrical impedance assay

Adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells in inflammation processes leads to changes of endothelial cellsubstrate adhesiveness, and understanding of such changes will provide us with important information of inflammation processes. In this study, we used a noninvasive biosensor system referred to as real-time cell electronic sensor （RT-CES） system to monitor the changes in endothelial cell-substrate adhesiveness induced by human monoblastic cell line U937 cell adhesion in a dynamic and quantitative manner. This assay, which is based on cell-substrate impedance readout, is able to monitor transient changes in cell- substrate adhesiveness as a result of U937 cell adhesion. The U937 cell adhesion to endothelial cells was induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） in a dose-dependent manner. Although the number of adherent U937 cells to the endothelial cells was verified by a standard assay, the adhesiveness of endothelial cells after addition of U937 cells was monitored by the RT-CES system. Furthermore, focal adhesion kinase protein decrease and F-actin rearrangement in endothelial cells were observed after addition of U937 cells. Our results indicated that the adhesion of U937 cells to LPS-treated endothelial cells reduced the substrate, and such infiltration of leukocytes. the cell adhesiveness to reduction might facilitate