枸杞多糖与黄芪多糖抑菌活性的研究*

目的:研究黄芪多糖和枸杞多糖的抑菌活性并探讨不同pH值对其抑菌活性的影响。方法:采用滤纸片扩散法,分析不同浓度黄芪多糖和枸杞多糖在不同pH值下对几种常见细茵和霉菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉、产黄青霉)的抑制效果。结果:对于细菌,枸杞多糖8mg/mL时出现抑菌圈,而黄芪多糖0.02 mg/mL时效果最佳;对于霉菌,随着枸杞多糖浓度的增大,抑菌圈的直径增大,而黄芪多糖0.02 mg/mL时效果最佳;当枸杞多糖和黄芪多糖在pH6的条件下,二者抑菌活性均最强。结论:枸杞多糖和黄芪多糖对细菌、霉菌都有一定的抑制效果,pH值可影响枸杞多糖和黄芪多糖的抑菌效果。     

A new species of Astragalus L. (section Onobrychoidei DC.: Fabaceae) from Turkey

A new species of Astragalus L., A. trabzonicus (section Onobrychoidei DC.), is described and illustrated from north‐east Anatolia in Turkey. The diagnostic, pollen morphological, and chromosomal characteristics are discussed. A distribution map and conservation status are given. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 157 , 741–747.     

Defense response mechanisms of ginseng callus cultures induced by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, a human pathogen

The effect of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, the bacterial pathogen affecting humans and animals, on growth of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey) cell cultures was studied. The bacteria strongly induced the expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and β-1,3-glucanase, the proteins encoded by the defense-related genes of ginseng and inhibited the normal ginseng callus growth but did not affect the resistant cell cultures. The thermostable and thermolabile protein toxins of these bacteria are lethal to mice when induced parentherally, and they also induced the expression of the defense-related genes in ginseng callus cultures. At the same time, the ginseng cells completely suppressed the bacterial cell growth. These data suggest that the ginseng cells recognized the yersinia and developed the immune response to this pathogen. The interaction between the ginseng cells and Y. pseudotuberculosis is similar to the hypersensitive response of plants to plant pathogens.     

Incompatibility behavior of a megaplasmid pMhHN3015c in Mesorhizobium huakuii HN3015

The Tn5-sacB-labeled symbiotic megaplasmid pMhHN3015c of Mesorhizobium huakuii HN3015 was, respectively, transferred into M. huakuii HN308SR containing three large plasmids of pMhHN308a, pMhHN308b and pMhHN308c, and 7653R-1SR, a symbiotic plasmid pMh7653Rb deleted mutant from M. huakuii 7653R by tri-parent mating. The stable indigenous plasmid pMhHN308c of HN308SR was cured by the introduction of pMhHN3015c and the transconjugant was named as HN308SRN18. The results implied that pMhHN3015c and pMhHN308c were incompatible and might be ascribed to the same incompatibility group. Furthermore, the results from plasmid curing tests of HN308SRN18 containing pMhHN3015c, pMhHN308b, and pMhHN308a showed that not only was pMhHN3015c deleted, but that pMhHN308a was also cured simultaneously. The plasmid profiles of transconjugant 7653R-1SRN18 showed pMhHN3015c could coexist with pMh7563Ra. The plasmid replication repC-like gene sequences were detected by polymerase chain reaction from 7653R-1SRN18, HN308SRN18 and its plasmid-curing derivatives, but failed to detect from plasmid-curing derivatives of 7653R-1SRN18. The repC gene sequence similarities of strains tested were up to 99%. Results from plant nodulation tests showed that introduction of pMhHN3015c failed to restore the nitrogen fixation ability of HN308SRN18 and 7653R-1SRN18.     

黄芪种子萌发特性的研究

运用室内测定方法,对黄芪野生种子和栽培种子的吸不率及其不同处理下的种子发芽率进行了比较试验,结果表明,采用砂磨方法可使黄芪种子的萌发率明显高于其它方法,黄芪各子种皮的机械抵制是导致发芽率低的直接原因;黄芪种子在23℃/15℃变温度条件一的萌发率;不同采收期也会通过影响种子的成熟度而影响发芽率。     

甘肃黄芪属药用植物资源

目的:调查甘肃省黄芪属药用植物资源,为该属植物资源的开发利用提供科学依据.方法:深入甘肃各地进行实地调查、采集标本和分类鉴定,并查阅和核对主要标本馆的腊叶标本.结果:初步研究,甘肃省有13种1亚种药用黄芪属植物,记述了它们在省内的分布、生境和药用价值,并编制了检索表.结论:甘肃黄芪属植物资源丰富,有待进一步研究,开发利用.     

草木樨状黄芪变异系中甲硫氨酸代谢相关cDNA的分子克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用mRNA差异显示技术(differential display)从草木樨状黄芪耐甲硫氨酸变异系中分离到一差异cDNA片段,命名为tm03(360bp)。mRNA杂交结果显示,该片段只在变异苗中表达,初步确定其与甲硫氨酸代谢相关。测序后在Genebank搜寻,未发现有同源序列。进一步分析表明,该cDNA克隆可编码完整的蛋白。在该基因片段两端分别合成含HindⅡ和BamH Ⅰ酶切位点的引物,用PCR扩增后亚克隆到pRSET A表达载体,转化宿主菌JMl09(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达了N′端含6个组氨酸的蛋白质,分子量约为14kD,为进一步研究该蛋白的结构和生物学功能奠定基础。     

人参辐照贮藏保鲜技术研究

人参辐照贮藏保鲜技术,为人参加工业开辟了新途径,鲜人参经清洗、抗坏血酸预处理、造型装入0．07－0．1mm的聚乙烯－尼龙复合膜袋,抽真空充氮气封口,采用0．3－0．6KGY剂量处理,辐照保鲜人参的药效成份损失少,易提取,不霉变虫蛀,人参主要成从皂甙辐照组与对照组无显著差异,毒性试验辐照组与对照组无明显差异,在常温条件下贮藏12个月,保鲜率达98％以上。     

西洋参有效成分与气候生态因子的关系

通过回归分析、灰色关联分析等方法系统地分析了气候生态因子对西洋参有效成分含量的影响,结果表明：温度和日照是影响西洋参总皂甙含量的主要气候因子;其总皂甙的含量与总氨基酸的含量呈显著负相关,故气候因子对二者的作用方向相反;影响西洋参醚浸出物、醇浸出物以及水溶性浸出物含量的主要气候因子均为气温日较差和日照时。     

质膜NAD(P)H氧化酶参予金瓜炭疽(Colletotrichum lagerarium)细胞壁激发子诱导人参细胞产生激发反应(英文)

在人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)悬浮细胞质膜上测出了NAD(P)H氧化酶活性。这类NAD(P)H氧化酶活性可以被金瓜炭疽细胞壁激发子(Cle)诱导。Cle处理还能诱导人参悬浮细胞的氧进发、促进人参悬浮细胞的皂苷合成、提高苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活力、以及诱导查尔式酮酶(CHS)的累积和细胞壁上抗性相关蛋白基因脯氨酸富裕蛋白基因hrgp(Hydroxyprolin-rich glycoproleins)的表达。当用哺乳动物白细胞质膜NADPH氧化酶的特异性抑制剂二亚苯基碘(Diphenylene iodonium,DPI)与奎吖因(quinacrine)预处理人参悬浮细胞30 min 后,Cle诱导的H2O2释放与Cle激活的质膜NAD(P)H氧化酶活性被抑制,同时Cle诱导的PAL活性及CHS的积累下降,皂苷合成与hrgp的表达被抑制。由此推测:人参细胞质膜NAD(P)H氧化酶与哺乳动物白细胞质膜NADPH氧化酶有很大的相似性。在Cle激发人参悬浮细胞产生氧进发的过程中,NAD(P)H氧化酶活性被诱导从而导致H2O2的产生,H2O2作为第二信使,激活苯丙氨酸途径,诱发人参皂苷的合成及hrgp防御基因的表达。这一过程中还涉及到Ca2+内流,胞内Ca2+浓度的升高,蛋白磷酸化与去磷酸化。人参细胞质膜NAD(P)H氧化酶在人参细胞对Cle的反应过程中起一种介导作用。因此可能存在由Cle刺激,NAD(P)H氧化酶被诱导,H2O2释放,到人