类芒齿黄芪地下部分化学成分研究

为了解类芒齿黄芪( Astragalus camptodontoides)主要化学成分,从其地下部分甲醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位分离出19个单体化合物,通过现代波谱分析及理化性质等手段分别鉴定为异补骨脂黄酮(1),4′-hydroxy-isolonchocarpin (2),5-去氧山豆根黄酮(3),shinflavanone (4),khonklonginols H (5),4′-O-methylpreglabridin (6),3′-hydroxy-4′-O-methylglabridin (7),4′-O-methylglabridin (8),8-prenyl-phaseollinisoflavan (9),xambioona (10),光甘草酚(11),粗毛甘草素H (12),methylnissolin (13),邻苯二甲酸异丁酯(14),邻苯二甲酸丁酯异丁酯(15),β-谷甾醇(16),胡萝卜苷(17),齐墩果酸(18),(2S,3S,4R,9E)-1,3,4-trihydroxy-2-[(2′R)-2′- hydr-oxytetraco-sanoylamino]-9-octadecene (19)。化合物1~19均为首次从该植物中获得,化合物1~7为首次从黄芪属(Astraga-lus)植物中分离得到。     

健脾安肠汤联合匹维溴胺治疗肠易激综合征的临床疗效及对血清5-HT、CGRP、SP、VIP水平的影响

目的:探讨健脾安肠汤联合匹维溴胺治疗肠易激综合征的临床疗效及对血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、结肠黏膜P物质(SP)、血管活性肠态(VIP)水平的影响。方法:选择2017年1月至2017年12月本院接诊的98例肠易激综合征患者作为研究对象,按随机数表法分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=53),对照组单纯采用匹维溴胺进行治疗,观察组在此基础上联合健脾安肠汤进行治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效及治疗前后胃肠症状改善情况、血清5-HT、CGRP、SP、VIP水平、炎性因子水平、焦虑(SAS)、抑郁(SDS)评分的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率(93.33%)心脏高于对照组(71.70%,P0.05);观察组患者恶心呕吐、腹痛腹泻、排便次数及大便性质症状评分,血清5-HT、CGRP、SP、VIP、IL-8、IL-6水平、焦虑及抑郁评分均明显低于对照组(均P0.05),而血清IL-10水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:健脾安肠汤联合匹维溴胺治疗肠易激综合征的临床效果显著优于单纯采用匹维溴胺治疗,可有效调节机体胃肠激素分泌和临床症状,提高患者患者生活质量。     

喷施硅对蒙古黄芪抗氧化酶活性以及产量和品质的影响北大核心CSCD

以蒙古黄芪为试验材料,设置大田随机区组试验,研究苗期、开花期和根茎伸长期叶面喷施不同浓度硅(500、1000、2000和4000 mg/L)对蒙古黄芪生长发育、抗氧化酶活性、药材产量和品质的影响,并检测施硅对黄芪白粉病、根腐病的防治效果,以揭示硅对增强黄芪抗病性、提升品质和产量的影响机理,为生产中蒙古黄芪的高效栽培提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)在不同生育时期,喷施不同浓度硅能增加蒙古黄芪株高、茎粗、株幅和叶绿素含量,促进蒙古黄芪生长,并以2000 mg/L硅处理效果较佳。(2)不同生育时期喷施硅能提高蒙古黄芪叶片SOD、CAT、POD和APX等抗氧化酶活性,降低MDA含量,以开花期、根茎伸长期2000 mg/L硅处理较佳。(3)施硅能有效降低蒙古黄芪白粉病、根腐病的病情指数,当施硅浓度为2000 mg/L时防效均达到最高,并分别达到47.05%和39.08%。(4)施硅处理能有效提高蒙古黄芪单株干、鲜生物量、产量以及可溶性浸出物和黄芪甲苷含量等品质指标,并在2000 mg/L硅浓度处理下均达到最佳水平,此时可溶性浸出物和黄芪甲苷含量分别比对照显著提高了16.48%和31.96%。研究发现,叶面喷施适宜浓度硅可显著增强蒙古黄芪对白粉病、根腐病的抗性,促进植株生长,进而显著提高药材产量,改善药材品质,并以硅浓度为2000 mg/L时效果最佳。     

Improved production of ginseng polysaccharide by adding conditioned medium to Panax notoginseng cell cultures

By adding 50% (v/v) filtered culture broth to fresh MS medium, the specific growth rate of Panax notoginseng was increased from 0.046 d–1 to 0.068 d–1, and the polysaccharide production and productivity reached 1.21 g l–1 and 61 mg/(ld), respectively, which were 1.3- and 2.3-fold of the control. Further supplementation of the conditioned medium with sucrose, ammonium, nitrate and phosphate gave a cell density of 13.7 g l–1 and a specific growth rate of 0.086 d–1. Polysaccharide production was 1.65 g l–1 and the productivity was 78 mg/(ld).     

Improved shoot regeneration protocol for hairy roots of the legume Astragalus sinicus

An improved protocol for shoot regeneration from hairy roots transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes of the legume species Astragalus sinicus (Chinese milk vetch) has been developed. The A. rhizogenes strain DC-AR2 harboring the binary vector pBI121 which carries the uidAgene encoding -glucuronidase activity and the kanamycin resistance gene nptII, was used to transform cut ends of plantlet hypocotyls. Transformed hairy roots were selected on medium containing 75 g ml^–1 kanamycin, and transformation was monitored by detection of the opine mikimopine, histochemical -glucuronidase activity, the polymerase chain reaction, and Southern blot analysis. The cytokinins benzylaminopurine, kinetin, and thidiazuron suppressed the growth of 8-month and 3-year-old hairy roots, but were necessary for adventitious shoot formation that could occur with some lines. Putative somatic embryos developed from transformed roots on medium with 7.5-10.0 mg l^–1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Light did not affect shoot regeneration from transformed hairy roots. This transformation and shoot regeneration system should be useful for testing gene expression quickly and be amenable to studies of shoot morphogenesis and interactions with rol gene expression.     

Regenerative ability of somatic single and multiple embryos from cotyledons of Korean ginseng on hormone-free medium

Cotyledon explants of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) produced somatic embryos directly on growth regulator-free medium. Somatic embryos developed as either multiple or single-state forms, depending on the degree of maturity of the cotyledons. Cotyledon explants from midmature zygotic embryos formed multiple embryos, while cotyledons from fully mature zygotic embryos formed single embryos. Somatic single embryos regenerated into normal plantlets with both roots and shoots, while multiple embryos did not produce roots but regenerated only into multiple shoots. In full-strength MS basal medium, the root growth of plantlets derived from single embryos was weak compared to that of shoots. Deletion of ammonium nitrate from the MS medium promoted the root growth of the plantlets. The ginseng plants with well-developed shoots and roots regenerated from single embryos were successfully acclimatized in a greenhouse when they were planted in soil. Received: 19 July 1997 / Revision received: 6 October 1997 / Accepted: 3 October 1997     

诱导紫云英根瘤菌nod基因表达的一些植物因子

利用柱层析、薄层层析（TLC）和高压液相色谱（HPLC）从紫云英种子中分离并纯化对紫云英根瘤菌nd基因表达有诱导活性的成分,质谱（MS）鉴定为抽皮素（naringenin）。19种类黄酮或非类黄酮化合物对紫云英根瘤菌结瘤基因表达的诱导活性实验表明,紫云英根瘤菌的结瘤基因可以应答多种诱导咸分,除抽皮素外,还有类黄酮物质毛地黄黄酮（luteolin）、大豆素（daidzein）以及非类黄酮化合物7-羟基香豆素（umbelliferone）和葫芦巴碱（trigonelline）。