Identification of differentially expressed salt-responsive proteins in roots of two perennial grass species contrasting in salinity tolerance

This study was designed to identify physiological responses and differential proteomic responses to salinity stress in roots of a salt-tolerant grass species, seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum), and a salt-sensitive grass species, centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides). Plants of both species were exposed to salinity stress by watering the soil with 300 mM NaCl solution for 20 d in a growth chamber. The 2-DE analysis revealed that the abundance of 8 protein spots significantly increased and 14 significantly decreased in seashore paspalum, while 19 and 16 protein spots exhibited increase and decrease in abundance in centipedegrass, respectively. Eight protein spots that exhibited enhanced abundance in seashore paspalum under salinity stress were subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. Seven protein spots were successfully identified, they are peroxidase (POD, 2.36-fold), cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (cMDH, 5.84-fold), asorbate peroxidase (APX, 4.03-fold), two mitochondrial ATPSδ chain (2.26-fold and 4.78-fold), hypothetical protein LOC100274119 (5.01-fold) and flavoprotein wrbA (2.20-fold), respectively. Immunblotting analysis indicated that POD and ATPSδ chain were significantly up-regulated in seashore paspalum at 20 d of salinity treatment while almost no expression in both control and salt treatment of centipedegrass. These results indicated that the superior salinity tolerance in seashore paspalum, compared to centipedegrass, could be associated with a high abundance of proteins involved in ROS detoxification and energy metabolism.     

Relative membrane permeability and activities of some antioxidant enzymes as the key determinants of salt tolerance in canola (Brassica napus L.)

In order to determine whether cell membrane permeability, activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) and K⁺ vs. Na⁺ selectivity could be used as effective selection criteria for salt tolerance in canola (Brassica napus L.) four lines, Dunkled, CON-III, Rainbow and Cyclone were subjected to non-saline (control) or saline (150 mM NaCl) conditions for 30 d in hydroponics. Cultivar Dunkled was the highest and cv. Cyclone the lowest, whereas both CON-III and Rainbow the intermediate in shoot and root masses. Relative membrane permeability (RMP) was recorded to be the lowest in salt-tolerant Dunkled, whereas the reverse was true in salt-sensitive Cyclone. RMP was found to be associated with the activities of antioxidant enzymes, SOD, CAT and POX determined in the present study, the activities of these enzymes being highest in cv. Dunkled and lowest in cv. Cyclone, whereas intermediate in the other two lines. Since the lines did not differ significantly for shoot K⁺/Na⁺ ratios and shoot K⁺ vs. Na⁺ selectivity, these traits did not prove to be good indicators of salt tolerance in the canola lines examined. Overall relative cell membrane permeability and activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and POX) proved to be very effective in discriminating the canola cultivars for salt tolerance.     

Differential sensitivity to cadmium in germinating seeds of three cultivars of faba bean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia faba</Emphasis> L.)

The reserve mobilization was analysed in germinating seeds of faba bean (Vicia faba) exposed to treatment with a toxic cadmium concentration for 4 days. When the behaviours of three cultivars were compared with regard to the germination rate, the following order of sensitivity to cadmium was observed: Aguadulce and Luz de otoño showed 59 and 19% of inhibition from controls, respectively, while no effect was observed in the case of the local Féverole. The growth of embryo radicle was also affected in the same pattern. The differential vulnerability to Cd stress cannot be correlated to shortage in water supply of cotyledons. However, Cd-treated germinating seeds of the most sensitive cultivar (Aguadulce) showed restriction in starch mobilization and decrease in availability of soluble sugars and free amino acids. Moreover, glucose, fructose and amino acids were markedly leaked into the germination medium at the expense of the growing embryonic axis during exposure to Cd. These results provide an indication of the way in which cadmium might impair seed germination.     

种壳对大麦种子生理和成熟胚培养的影响及机理探讨Ⅱ

用30％PEG6000对大麦种子进行浸种等处理,并对其吸胀生理的多数指标进行了系统分析和检测,研究结果表明：种壳显著延缓种子的吸水进程;种壳对多数分子的渗漏有较大影响。N的渗漏主要来自胚乳,Mn^2 渗漏主要来自胚,种壳显著影响K^ 渗漏。去壳促使吸胀期间可溶性蛋白量和过氧化物酶同工酶的活性显著升高。吸胀使IAA、GA3含量提高,使胚乳中的ABA含量显著减少;去壳促进吸胀初期胚乳中的ABA、IAA、GA3含量,去壳减少吸胀后期胚中的ABA、IAA、GA3含量。种子去壳后吸胀24h有显著较高的萌发率、愈伤组织诱导率。     

Effect of pectic oligomers on physiological responses of chilling injury in discs excised from zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.).

The effect of pectic oligomers (OG) on ethylene biosynthesis, electrolyte leakage (EL), and CO(2) production was studied in discs excised from zucchini fruit (Cucurbita pepo L.) and stored at 20 or 2.5 degrees C. At 20 degrees C, OG enhanced ethylene biosynthesis and had a transient effect on decreasing EL, but showed little effect on respiratory rate; both the amount and size of the oligomer were important in changing both ethylene synthesis and EL. At 2.5 degrees C, OG increased both ethylene biosynthesis and respiratory rate with a maximum effect at 100 microg of oligomer and peaking at 6 h; shorter oligomers demonstrated an even greater effect on ethylene biosynthesis, but differences were smaller in respiratory rate. EL at 2.5 degrees C was affected most by 1 microg of OG and by monomeric galacturonic acid, with transient increases that peaked at 8 h. We suggest a signaling role for OG in the early steps of cold acclimation or chilling injury.     

吸湿—回干处理降低番茄种子电解质渗漏的机理研究

对吸湿－回干处理降低番茄种子电解质渗漏的机理进行了研究,结果表明,吸湿－回干处理降低番茄种子电解质渗漏的效应产生于吸湿阶段。随吸湿时间延长,电解质渗漏下降,而ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性上升。mRNA和蛋白质合成抑制对剂电解质渗漏下降与ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性上升均无抑制作用,表明吸湿处理降低电解质渗漏、提高ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性的作用mＲＮＡ和蛋白质合成无关,吸湿和吸湿－回干处理后Ｋ３Ｆe(CN)6还原活显著下降,表明的生理生化状态发生了某种变化。     

Free radical production, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and membrane integrity during senescence of petals of cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus)

There is a sudden increase in free radical levels, measured from the electron spin resonance (ESR) signal, in cut carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. Ember) petal powders between the end of blooming and the onset of withering. There is also an increase in the microsomal generation of superoxide radicals (measured from the ESR-Tiron signal). These increases correspond to a decrease of polar lipids content, a slight increase in peroxides and to the onset of a sudden efflux of electrolytes. A correlation is established between free radical production and the loss of membrane integrity. Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activity increases progressively until complete withering and an hypothesis concerning the action of this enzyme is proposed. The changes in superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) activity appear to be independent of the amplitude of the ESR-Tiron signal.     

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is diagnosed by a combination of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase and brain-type transferrin in cerebrospinal fluid

Background

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is caused by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. Definitive diagnosis can be difficult by clinical examinations and imaging studies.