Plant Traditional Culture of Populus euphratica and Populus pruinosa of Uyghurs Folk ——A Case Study in Xinjiang Lopnur

The study on traditional knowledge and experience of using plants by Uyghurs folk people has a potential application in socio economic development and resource protection. Populus euphratica Oliv and Ppruinosa Schrenk are major plants in Taklimakan desert ecosystem of Xinjiang. This study aims to ascertain the Lopnur Uyghurs traditional knowledge on two Populus species and their cultural system related to these species. We investigated the key informants for interviews on using Populus plants. The Populus plants were used for various purposes. The white alkali crystals are using for the treatment of bloating, sore throat, stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers and indigestion and also in soda, while black crystal is used for the treatment of back pain, leg pain, swelling and relieve pain. Alkali crystals are even used as shampoo after a simple processing and also as a laundry detergent. Populus plants water is applied as a treatment of neurasthenia. It is also used for anti aging, reducing blood pressure, high cholesterol and heart morbidity. Plants foliages are used as veterinary medicine such as bloating and rot of muscular and stomach of livestock. In addition, Lopnur people used the plants to build the Desert Ecological Park and controlling desertification. This article ascertained the two Populus speceis and Lopnur Uyghurs cultural system. Present study will improve the conservation of Lopnur Uyghurs folk indigenous/ traditional knowledge on Populus plants and to promote the sustainable development in the socio economic diversity.     

老龄大鼠内侧隔核BDNF含量的变化及人参皂甙的保护作用

目的探讨老龄大鼠内侧隔核BDNF含量的变化情况及人参皂甙的保护作用,为人参皂甙的临床应用提供实验依据.方法选用Wistar大鼠40只,分成青年组(3个月)、老龄组(26个月)、给药组(自17个月始给予人参皂甙至26个月),采用免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠内侧隔核BDNF含量的变化情况.结果老龄组内侧隔核BDNF阳性反应物的平均灰度值与青年组相比显著增高(P<0.01),而给药组与老龄组相比其平均灰度值显著降低(P<0.01).结论老龄大鼠内侧隔核BDNF含量明显低于青年组,给药组BDNF含量较老龄组明显增加.说明人参皂甙具有保护BDNF,防止神经元退行性改变的作用.     

双歧啤酒对延缓衰老作用的研究

目的研究双歧啤酒的延缓衰老作用。方法将老龄小鼠和黑腹果蝇随机分成纯净水对照组、市售啤酒对照组和双歧啤酒低、中、高三个剂量组,进行果蝇生存实验,检测小鼠血液中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷光甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）的活性和丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果与对照组比较,双歧啤酒高、中剂量组能显著延长果蝇的半数死亡时间、平均寿命和平均最高寿命,提高老龄小鼠血液中SOD、GSH-PX的活性,降低老龄小鼠血液中MDA的含量。结论双歧啤酒具有延缓衰老的作用。     

Factors associated with oral health perception in older Brazilians

Objectives: To investigate the self‐perception of oral health in older people, aged 65–74, from the central region of southern Brazil. Methods: Cross‐sectional population‐based study using data from the Oral Health Conditions Survey of Southern Brazil, developed between the years 2002 and 2003, by the State Health Secretary (SHS) of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Socioeconomic and demographic variables, self‐perception of oral health and clinical data, as well as dental pain were evaluated in 618 elderly people. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of explanatory variables on the self‐perception of oral health. Results: Almost half of the elderly were edentate and rated their oral health as good or very good. With regard to dental pain, 28.8% of the people declared that they had experienced dental pain in the 6 months before the interview. There was a significant relationship between dental pain and classification of oral health, and chewing ability. Following adjustment, the need for dental prostheses remained associated with the influence of oral health on establishing relationships. Similarly, personal income remained associated with the elderly's perception of their ability to talk. Finally, the level of education remained related to the influence of oral health status in people's relationships. Conclusion: Dental pain and the need for dental prostheses were the main factors that affected the self‐perception of oral health of elderly people from southern Brazil.     

米库氯铵用于老年患者的肌松残余作用研究

目的:观察持续输注米库氯铵在老年患者麻醉恢复期的肌松残余作用,探讨其与血浆假性胆碱酯酶活性的相关性。方法:选择拟行择期腹腔镜下胃肠肿瘤切除手术的老年患者48例,ASAI-II级,随机分成持续输注米库氯铵组(M组)和持续输注顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵组(C组),每组24例。采用4个成串刺激尺神经,通过拇内收肌的收缩反应以监测TOFR值(T4/T1)。记录两组患者围拔管期血流动力学变化、脑电双频指数(BIS)、神经肌肉功能的恢复及术后不良反应等。M组在麻醉诱导前和拔管时分别采集动脉血并检测血浆假性胆碱酯酶活性(D1和D2)。结果:两组患者年龄、身高、体重、BMI、手术时间、失血量、术毕体温、输液量以及D1和D2的比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组D1与D2的差值D与输液量明显相关,具有统计学意义(r=0.425,P0.05);M组的临床时效、恢复指数、TOFR恢复到0.7的时间、TOFR从0.7恢复到0.9的时间和停药至拔管时间均明显小于C组(P0.05);血浆假性胆碱酯酶活性(D1和D2)分别与临床指数、恢复指数、TOFR恢复到0.7的时间、TOFR从0.7恢复到0.9的时间、停药至拔管时间相关性不大(P0.05),M组肌松残余发生率相对低(P0.05)。结论:在老年患者全身麻醉手术的围拔管期,米库氯铵的肌松恢复时间短于顺式阿曲库铵,肌松残余作用相对较少,并与血浆假性胆碱酯酶活性有相关性。     

应用古人骨的元素、同位素分析研究其食物结构

本文从原理和方法上对目前由人骨元素、同位素分析研究古人类食物结构的三个主要方面,即骨胶原碳十三、氮十五的分析,微量元素锶、钡分析以及同位素锶、铅的分析逐一做了介绍。在此基础上结合自己的工作将国内该研究领域中有关的研究现状和主要研究成果,特别是获得的新进展做了回顾和总结。     

广西俫人的体质特征

本文报告对广西隆林各族自治县境内的俫人成年居民111人 (男性60人,女性51人) 进行的活体调查结果。结果表明,俫人体质特征属中华民族的华南类型,与广西壮族及海南岛黎族有比较接近的亲缘关系。     

贵州普定穿洞出土的一化石智人颅盖骨

1976年南京大学地理系俞锦标教授等在贵州省普定县进行野外调查时,在穿洞发现骨化石、烧骨、灰烬等。后于1979年,在有关方面的配合下,在洞口进行试掘,掘到1.5米深处,获得了一个破碎的智人颅盖骨化石。颅盖骨附近还有右上颌骨半块、单独的右上中门齿一枚。与头骨化石共生的有一些骨角器、烧骨和少量石器。这些材料俞教授等已作过报道和初步研究(俞锦标等,1983;俞锦标,1984)。不久前,俞教授把头盖骨化石供本人作古人类学研究之用,现报告如下。