米库氯铵闭环靶控输注用于全麻老年患者的药效学研究

目的:探讨米库氯铵用于老年患者闭环输注的用量及其药效学。方法:选择择期全麻手术青年(18~30岁)和老年患者(60~75岁)各35例,经闭环肌松注射系统给予米库氯铵,采用4个成串刺激尺神经,通过拇内收肌的收缩反应以监测TOF值(T4/T1)。记录两组患者注入米库氯铵后的肌松起效时间、血流动力学变化、不良反应及停药后的神经肌肉功能的恢复情况。结果:两组患者在诱导期T1至T4各时间点HR、SBP、DBP、SpO_2的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。与青年组相比,老年组米库氯铵闭环输注肌松起效时间和恢复时间均较长(P0.05),但拔管时间无差别(P0.05)。米库氯铵闭环输注肌松抑制THD90%的用量老年组为3.6±1.7μg·kg-1·min-1,青年组为4.3±1.5μg·kg~(-1)·min-1,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者均未发现皮肤潮红、支气管痉挛、低血压、肌松残余等不良反应。结论:米库氯铵闭环输注应用于老年患者术毕拔管时间与青年患者相当,且不增加不良反应,是老年患者肌松诱导和维持的可选方案。     

顺式阿曲库铵对阻塞性黄疸患者麻醉的药效学研究

目的:观察非去极化肌松药顺式阿曲库铵用于阻塞性黄疸患者麻醉中的肌松效应和安全性.方法:24例阻塞性黄疸患者行胆总管引流术,随机分为顺式阿曲库铵Ⅰ组(2倍ED95组)、Ⅱ组(3倍ED95组),24例切口部位相近行上腹部手术患者随机分为顺式阿曲库铵Ⅲ组(2倍ED95组)、Ⅳ组(3倍ED95组)作为对照.观察诱导前后生命体征的变化、插管条件、肌松效应.结果:各组患者的血流动力学变化:组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅲ组插管条件为优的比率明显低于Ⅱ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组起效时间大于Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组,但是T195%恢复时间、四个成串刺激(TOF)比值恢复到70%的时间明显短于Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.05).结论:顺式阿曲库铵可以安全用于阻塞性黄疸患者的麻醉,3ED95剂量的顺式阿曲库铵比2ED95剂量的起效更快,插管条件更好.     

不同剂量氯胺酮复合顺式阿曲库铵预注对肌松效应的影响

目的比较顺式阿曲库铵预注、不同剂量氯胺酮复合顺式阿曲库铵预注对顺式阿曲库铵起效时间、血流动力学的影响。方法选择全麻下行择期手术的患者120例随机分成4组,即Ⅰ(生理盐水0.5ml)组、Ⅱ(顺式阿曲库铵0.01mg/kg)组、Ⅲ(顺式阿曲库铵0.01mg/kg预注复合氯胺酮0.5mg/kg)组、Ⅳ(顺式阿曲库铵0.01mg/kg预注复合氯胺酮1mg/kg)组,预注、预处理3min后,Ⅰ组静注插管剂量顺式阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组静注剩余插管剂量顺式阿曲库铵0.14mg/kg。使用四个成串刺激(TOF),待T1达最大抑制程度时行气管插管,记录肌松起效时间,同时观察HR、BP的变化。结果Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组肌松起效时间明显短于Ⅰ组(P0.05),且Ⅲ、Ⅳ组起效时间较Ⅱ组短(P0.05),但Ⅲ、Ⅳ组起效时间比较无统计学意义(P0.05);各组麻醉诱导期间均无明显心血管不良反应。结论氯胺酮0.5mg/kg复合顺式阿曲库铵0.01mg/kg、氯胺酮1mg/kg复合顺式阿曲库铵0.01mg/kg均能进一步缩短肌松起效时间,且无明显心血管不良反应。     

肝功能障碍患者对罗库溴铵药效动力学的影响

目的:探讨不同肝功能分级患者对肌松药罗库溴铵药效动力学的影响。方法:纳入肝功能障碍的手术患者152例,根据肝功能Child-Pugh分级将其分为Child-Pugh A级组62例、Child-Pugh B级组55例、Child-Pugh C级组35例,同时纳入肝功能正常患者60例为对照组。以维库溴铵以动态靶控输注程序控制,0.15~0.2μg/m L之间,维持肌松水平T1/TC在25%以内。对比分析四组间一般情况(包括性别、年龄、体重和BMI指数)、麻醉起效时间、最大阻滞持续时间、T110%恢复时间、T125%恢复时间、T175%恢复时间、恢复指数。结果:Child-Pugh A、B、C组患者的麻醉起效时间逐渐延长,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Child-Pugh A、B、C三组间患者的麻醉最大阻滞程度逐渐下降,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Child-Pugh A、B、C三组间患者的麻醉恢复指数逐渐增大,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Child-Pugh A、B、C和对照组间T110%恢复时间、T125%恢复时间、T175%恢复时间无明显差异(P0.05)。Child-Pugh A级组女性麻醉起效时间明显快于男性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);男性最大阻滞持续时间小于女性,性别间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。肝功能Child-Pugh B级组女性麻醉起效时间明显快于男性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。肝功能Child-Pugh C级组性别间麻醉起效时间、最大阻滞持续时间、恢复指数差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:肝功能障碍明显影响肌松药罗库溴铵麻醉起效时间,重度肝功能患者使用罗库溴铵时可不考虑性别的影响因素。     

右美托咪啶复合芬太尼及七氟烷用于脑肿瘤手术的麻醉效果及对血流动力学的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪啶复合芬太尼及七氟烷用于脑肿瘤手术的麻醉效果及对血流动力学的影响。方法:择期全麻下行脑肿瘤切除术患者40例,随机分为右美托咪啶组(D组)和丙泊酚组(P组)各20例。麻醉诱导前D组静脉输注右美托咪啶0.5μg/kg,P组给予同等容量的生理盐水,均15 min泵注完成。静脉注射咪唑安定、芬太尼、顺式阿曲库铵、依托咪酯行麻醉诱导。术中均用芬太尼、七氟烷、顺式阿曲库铵维持麻醉,D组持续静脉输注右美托咪啶0.2~1.0μg·kg-1·h-1,P组给予丙泊酚3~10 mg·kg-1·h-1,调整右美托咪啶及丙泊酚用量,使BIS值维持于40~50。于麻醉用药前(基础值)(T0)、麻醉诱导气管插管前(T1)、气管插管后(T2)、切开硬脑膜(T3)、取瘤(T4)、术毕(T5)、拔气管导管时(T6)记录心率(HR)、血压(SBP、DBP)。记录手术时间、输液量、出血量、苏醒时间、拔管时间及拔管后10 min警觉/镇静(OAA/S)评分。结果:与T0比较,D组T1、T3、T4时SBP、DBP明显降低(P0.05),HR明显减慢(P0.05),但仍接近正常值,P组T1时SBP、DBP明显降低(P0.05),HR明显减慢(P0.05),T2、T5、T6时SBP、DBP明显升高(P0.05),HR明显加快(P0.05)。与P组比较,T2~T6时D组SBP、DBP明显低于P组(P0.05),HR明显慢于P组(P0.05)。D组苏醒时间、拔管时间明显短于P组(P0.05),拔管后10min OAA/S评分显著高于P组(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪啶或丙泊酚复合芬太尼、七氟烷麻醉用于脑肿瘤手术均能够提供满意的麻醉效果,右美托咪啶能抑制气管插管、拔管等引起的血流动力学反应,术后苏醒快且苏醒质量高。     

顺式阿曲库铵在小儿全身麻醉中对气道功能的影响

目的:比较顺式阿曲库铵和阿曲库铵在小儿全麻中对气道功能的影响。方法:选取72名3-9岁患儿,男42例,女30例,采用随机表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组36例。两组麻醉诱导都采用异丙酚,芬太尼,咪达唑仑。观察组使用顺式阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg,对照组组阿曲库铵0.5 mg/kg,比较两组小儿在插管后5 min、10 min、15 min、20 min患儿P_(ET)CO_2、P-PEAK、听诊呼吸音(粗、细湿啰音)、SPO_2变化四项指标来研究顺式阿曲库铵和阿曲库铵对呼吸系统的影响。结果:观察组注药后5 min、10 min、15 min、20 min时间点P_(ET)CO_2,P-PEAK变化趋势不明显,听诊呼吸音、SPO_2无明显变化(P0.05)。对照组在注药后的4个时间段P_(ET)CO_2、P-PEAK、听诊呼吸音、SPO_2有显著变化,随时间延长,P_(ET)CO_2,P-PEAK有明显增高,SPO_2逐渐下降情况(P0.05)。观察组和对照组相比,5 min、10 min、15 min、20 min各时间点观察组SPO_2高于对照组,PETCO_2、P-PEAK明显低于对照组,啰音发生的概率低于对照组,各时间点各项指标比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:顺式阿曲库铵术中对小儿气道功能影响较小,肌松作用理想,可广泛应用于小儿临床麻醉。     

罗库溴铵和顺式阿曲库铵持续输注对机械通气SD 大鼠膈肌功能 的影响

目的:比较罗库溴铵或顺式阿曲库铵24h持续输注对机械通气SD大鼠膈肌功能的影响.方法:雄性SD大鼠随机分为四组:一组作为对照组,另外三组用来进行24h的机械通气.其中一组为罗库溴铵组持续输注罗库溴铵,一组顺式阿曲库铵和一组生理盐水.结果:24h机械通气后,与生理盐水组相比,罗库溴铵组的膈肌最大强直张力下降29％,膈肌MuRF-1的mRNA水平增加30％,calpain活性增加约57％,而等效剂量的顺式阿曲库铵组则没有明显改变.结论:与顺式阿曲库铵相比,罗库溴铵可引起Calpain活性的增强和泛素-蛋白酶体系统的激活,对膈肌功能的损害和蛋白水解活性的增强作用更明显.     

瑞芬太尼在全髋关节置换术中的麻醉效果观察

目的探讨瑞芬太尼在全髋关节置换术中的麻醉效果。方法将80例全髋关节置换术患者随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,观察组采用咪达唑仑、依托咪酯、舒芬太尼、罗库溴铵行全麻诱导,以丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼和阿曲库铵行麻醉维持;对照组采用咪达唑仑、依托咪酯、舒芬太尼、罗库溴铵行全麻诱导,以丙泊酚、芬太尼和阿曲库铵行麻醉维持。观察两组患者T0~T3各时点MAP和HR的变化情况以及手术时间、苏醒时间和语言恢复时间。结果观察组苏醒时间和语言恢复时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼用于全髋关节置换术中患者苏醒时间快,且手术过程血压、心率相对平稳,具有临床应用价值。     

麻黄碱复合利多卡因对顺式阿曲库铵肌松效应的影响

目的比较麻黄碱预处理、利多卡因预处理和麻黄碱复合利多卡因预处理对顺式阿曲库铵起效时间、插管条件及其血流动力学的影响。方法选择全麻下行择期手术的患者120例随机分为4组,Ⅰ组生理盐水0.5ml,Ⅱ组麻黄碱70μg/kg,Ⅲ组利多卡因1.5mg/kg,Ⅳ组麻黄碱复合利多卡因70μg/kg+1.5mg/kg,预处理3min后4组患者均静脉注射顺式阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg,在5s内注射完成。患者入睡后行肌松监测,使用4个成串刺激(TOF),待T1达最大抑制程度时行气管插管,记录肌松起效时间,评估气管插管条件,同时观察HR、BP的变化。结果Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组肌松起效时间明显短于Ⅰ组(P0.05),而且Ⅳ组起效时间较Ⅱ、Ⅲ组短(P0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组气管插管优良率高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),但Ⅱ、Ⅲ组气管插管优良率比较无统计学意义;各组麻醉诱导期间均无明显心血管不良反应。结论麻黄碱复合利多卡因70μg/kg+1.5mg/kg预处理为较好的选择。     

顺式阿曲库铵与维库溴铵用于乳腺癌改良根治术患者的麻醉效果及对诱导期应激反应的影响

目的:研究顺式阿曲库铵与维库溴铵用于乳腺癌改良根治术患者的麻醉效果及对诱导期应激反应的影响。方法:选择2015年1月~2016年12月于我院采用乳腺癌改良根治术进行治疗的78例患者,随机分为两组。对照组患者给予顺式阿曲库铵进行麻醉诱导,研究组患者给予维库溴铵进行麻醉诱导。比较两组的麻醉效果,麻醉诱导前(T_0)、麻醉诱导后(T_1)、插入气管导管后3min(T_2)的脉搏血氧饱和度、平均动脉压、心率、血清去甲肾上腺素以及肾上腺素水平的变化情况,术后肌肉颤抖以及恶心呕吐等不良反应的发生情况。结果:研究组的麻药维持时间以及气管拔管时间均明显长于对照组(P0.05),麻药起效时间明显短于对照组(P0.05)。在T_0时,两组的脉搏血氧饱和度、平均动脉压、心率、血清去甲肾上腺素以及肾上腺素水平相比差异均无统计学差异(P0.05)。在T_1及T_2时,研究组的脉搏血氧饱和度明显高于对照组,而平均动脉压、心率、血清去甲肾上腺素以及肾上腺素水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。研究组不良反应的发生率为10.25%,明显低于对照组的25.64%(P0.05)。结论:维库溴铵对乳腺癌改良根治术患者的麻醉效果明显优于顺式阿曲库铵,对血流动力学以及应激反应的影响程度更轻,且起效迅速,安全性更高。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.