非诱导脂肪干细胞膜片复合PRF修复兔髁状突软骨缺损

目的:探索非诱导ADSCs膜片/PRF复合植入物修复兔子下颌骨髁状突软骨缺损的可行性及效果。方法:选取36只3月龄新西兰雄性大白兔,随机分为3个组即ADSCs膜片/PRF组、PRF组、空白对照组,在3%戊巴比妥钠麻醉下解剖暴露出髁状突关节面并用裂钻分别在双侧髁状突软骨面上制备一3 mm直径、3 mm深的髁突表面软骨缺损区,按实验设计每个分组分别填入相应的植入物。分别在术后4周、8周、12周处死相应时间点的动物采集髁突标本,标本进行大体及组织学检查比较。结果:术后12周时空白对照组的下颌髁状突软骨缺损未能修复,PRF组有少量不规则、不连续的软骨形成,ADSCs膜片/PRF组的修复效果较好,表面软骨接近正常纤维软骨,与周围软骨连续性较好。组织学染色也显示ADSCs膜片/PRF组优于PRF组和空白对照组。结论:证明了ADSCs膜片/PRF复合物修复髁状突软骨缺损的可行性。     

Sirt3对过氧化氢诱导的骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的:通过调控骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)中的Sirtuin-3(Sirt3)蛋白的表达水平,阐明Sirt3对过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导MSCs凋亡的保护作用及其机制。方法:将大鼠MSCs分为正常对照组、H2O2刺激组、H2O2+Sirt3转染组、H2O2+Sirt3 si RNA转染组。利用Western blot法检测Sirt3及cyclophilin d蛋白的表达水平、利用免疫沉淀法检测cyclophilin d乙酰化水平、利用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。结果:1H2O2刺激使MSCs中Sirt3表达水平降低。2转染Sirt3可减少H2O2诱导的MSCs的凋亡,而转染Sirt3 si RNA可增加H2O2诱导的MSCs的凋亡。3Sirt3蛋白的含量并不影响cyclophilin d的表达,但影响cyclophilin d的乙酰化水平。结论:Sirt3可能通过减少线粒体通透性转换孔(mitochondrial permeablity transition pore,m PTP)中的关键蛋白cyclophilin d的乙酰化水平,进一步抑制m PTP的开放,从而减少H2O2诱导的MSCs的凋亡。     

Neurogenic differentiation of murine and human adipose-derived stromal cells

The identification of cells capable of neuronal differentiation has great potential for cellular therapies. We examined whether murine and human adipose-derived adult stem (ADAS) cells can be induced to undergo neuronal differentiation. We isolated ADAS cells from the adipose tissue of adult BalbC mice or from human liposuction tissue and induced neuronal differentiation with valproic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole, insulin, and hydrocortisone. As early as 1-3 h after neuronal induction, the phenotype of ADAS cells changed towards neuronal morphology. Following neuronal induction, muADAS cells displayed immunocytochemical staining for GFAP, nestin and NeuN and huADAS cells displayed staining for intermediate filament M, nestin, and NeuN. Following neuronal induction of murine and human ADAS cells, Western blot analysis confirmed GFAP, nestin, and NeuN protein expression. Pretreatment with EGF and basic FGF augmented the neuronal differentiation of huADAS cells. The neuronal differentiation of stromal cells from adipose tissue has broad biological and clinical implications.     

Neural differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells isolated from GFP transgenic mice

Taking advantage of homogeneously marked cells from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice, we have recently reported that adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) could differentiate into mesenchymal lineages in vitro. In this study, we performed neural induction using ASCs from GFP transgenic mice and were able to induce these ASCs into neuronal and glial cell lineages. Most of the neurally induced cells showed bipolar or multipolar appearance morphologically and expressed neuronal markers. Electron microscopy revealed their neuronal morphology. Some cells also showed glial phenotypes, as shown immunocytochemically. The present study clearly shows that ASCs derived from GFP transgenic mice differentiate into neural lineages in vitro, suggesting that these cells might provide an ideal source for further neural stem cell research with possible therapeutic application for neurological disorders.     

Bone morphogenetic protein 6 drives both osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in murine adipose-derived mesenchymal cells depending on culture conditions

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play a dual role as a factor in both bone and cartilage development and correspondingly have the therapeutic potential to regenerate both tissues. Given this dual nature, previous in vitro research using BMPs has relied on distinct media formulations and culture conditions to drive undifferentiated cells to the osteogenic or chondrogenic lineage. To isolate the impact of culture conditions and to explore the effect of BMP-6 on murine adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (ASCs), ASCs were seeded in either monolayer or pellets in an identical medium containing BMP-6. Results indicate that BMP-6 differentially promotes osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in ASCs depending on culture conditions. BMP-6 potently induced alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization in ASCs cultured in monolayer conditions. In contrast, BMP-6 enhanced proteoglycan accumulation in ASCs seeded in chondrogenic pellet culture. A comparison of gene expression suggests that the differentiating effect of BMP-6 is specific to the particular culture condition. This study highlights the importance of the interactions between chemical signaling and microenvironmental cues in directing cell fate.     

黄芪甲苷对人骨髓间充质干细胞体外增殖 及细胞因子表达的影响*

摘要目的：探讨黄芪甲苷对人骨髓间充质干细胞体外增殖及细胞因子表达的影响。方法：采用Percoll 密度离心法和贴壁法分离 纯化hBMSC;流式细胞术检测hBMSC 表面标志;MTT 法检测不同浓度黄芪甲苷干预72 h后hBMSC 的增殖情况;Real-time PCR 法检测经黄芪甲苷干预后hBMSC对SCF、VEGF、SDF-1、GM-CSF mRNA 的表达水平。结果：成功分离培养出hBMSC;不同 浓度（20、40、80、160、320 mg / mL）的黄芪甲苷可促进hBMSC增殖(P<0.05),其中160 mg/mL 组促增殖最明显;黄芪甲苷可促进 hBMSC对SCF、VEGF、SDF-1 mRNA的表达,而GM-CSF mRNA 表达无明显变化。结论：黄芪甲苷可促进hBMSC 体外增殖,可 能与其促进hBMSC 对SCF、VEGF、SDF-1 mRNA表达有关。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对异丙肾上腺素致心力衰竭大鼠心功能及炎性细 胞因子表达的影响*

摘要目的：观察骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）移植对异丙基肾上腺素（ISO）致心力衰竭大鼠心脏功能和炎性细胞因子（TNF-琢、 IL-1茁和IL-6）表达的影响。方法：采用全骨髓培养方法分离培养大鼠的MSCs;雄性Wistar 大鼠45 只,随机分为：正常对照组 （n=15）、模型组（n=30）。正常对照组给予生理盐水皮下注射、模型组采用170 mg/kg的剂量皮下注射ISO,连续4 天给药;各组动 物末次皮下注射4 周后,行超声心动图检查,将模型组LVEF<70 %的大鼠（n=20）随机分为细胞移植组（n=10）和培养液组（n=10）, 后大鼠开胸,细胞移植组将150 滋L（3× 106MSCs）用微注射器分4 点注射到左心室前壁,培养液组和正常对照组给与心肌内注射 等量细胞培养液。移植后4 周用超声心动图检测大鼠的心功能,并取心脏组织行免疫组化染色。结果：移植后4 周,与正常对照组 比较,细胞移植组和培养液组LVDs明显增加,EF 和FS明显下降（P<0.01）;而和培养液组相比,细胞移植组LVDs 明显下降、EF 和FS 明显升高（P<0.05）;免疫组化染色结果显示,与培养液组比较,细胞移植组TNF-琢、IL-1茁和IL-6 阳性表达细胞明显降低 （P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01）。结论：MSCs 移植可以改善心衰大鼠的心脏功能,同时下调心衰大鼠心脏炎性细胞因子TNF-琢、IL-1茁和 IL-6的表达。     

脂肪来源干细胞体外成骨和成脂及成神经的诱导分化研究

目的:探讨脂肪来源干细胞体外成骨和成脂及成神经的诱导分化情况。方法:选取10只SPF级雄性SD大鼠,将其不同部位的脂肪组织取出,分别采用不同方法对其向成骨、成脂及成神经等方向进行诱导分化并对其结果进行鉴定。结果:ADSC表达中,CD29占(99.11±0.13)%,CD44占(95.94±0.71)%,CD45占(0.12±0.09)%。经4周的成骨诱导后,茜素红S染色在细胞团中央发现红色钙化结节存在,碱性磷酸酶染色在细胞的胞质内观察到紫红色颗粒,经7d成脂诱导后,油红"O"染色在细胞质内观察到橙红色脂滴;经过6d的神经干培养基诱导后,通过免疫荧光染色证明诱导的Nestin细胞、神经丝蛋白-200以及GFAP等均出现阳性表达。结论:ADSC具备向脂肪、成骨及神经元等细胞进行多向分化的潜能,具有来源广、易于操作、体外增殖快速等优越性,并且不存在免疫排斥及医学伦理学问题,发展前景广阔。     

表皮生长因子诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向视网膜神经细胞分化的体外研究

目的:研究表皮生长因子诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向视网膜神经细胞分化的可能性。方法:体外培养骨髓间充质干细胞,利用流式细胞仪分析其细胞表型。采用含EGF的培养液诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向视网膜神经细胞分化,并利用免疫荧光法进行鉴定。结果:从骨髓中分离培养的细胞具有成纤维细胞样形态,贴壁生长,表型相对均一,表面标志为CD90、CD44、CD147阳性;而CD34、CD38、CD45、CD14、HLA-DR阴性。体外诱导后可以得到神经干细胞标志物nestin、神经胶质细胞标志物GFAP和视网膜光感受器细胞标志物Rhodopsin呈阳性表达的细胞。结论:从骨髓中分离培养得到的间充质干细胞具有向视网膜神经细胞分化的潜能。     

不同物种诱导性多潜能干细胞研究进展及应用

将特定的转录因子转入细胞并使其重编程后,获得与胚胎干细胞极其相似的多潜能性干细胞,称为诱导性多潜能干细胞(induced Pluripotent Stem Cells,iPS),它是由日本Yamanaka研究小组首次构建并命名。iPS细胞具有极强地自我更新和多项分化潜能,有发育和分化形成机体内几乎所有组织细胞类型的潜能,从而构成机体各种复杂的组织器官,且避免了在伦理、道德、宗教、法律和免疫排斥等诸多问题。随着iPS技术的不断发展,不同物种的iPS细胞相继产生,为细胞代替治疗、疾病模型的建立和药物筛选及再生医学等注入了新的活力。目前,iPS细胞的研究尚处于初级阶段,在临床应用上还存在诸多问题,本文将对近年来不同物种iPS细胞的产生、应用,及我们未来面临的问题和挑战进行综述。