免疫组化染色阳性对照的设立、制作与应用

目的探讨如何设立免疫组化染色的阳性对照,使操作更简单、结果可靠和方法实用。方法选取阑尾、乳腺和扁桃体等不同类型的组织,通过HE切片观察,选取合适相应抗原表达的区域,将组织切成0.3cm*0.3cm大小,重新作石蜡包埋,连续切片厚4μm,贴在待检查组织旁边作为对照,进行CK、CK19、SMA、CD20、CD3、ER、PR、等36种抗体的免疫组化染色,并观察组织中抗原的表达是否正确,筛选出适合作为免疫组化染色阳性对照的组织。结果乳腺皮肤和扁桃体组织仅部分抗体染色阳性,而阑尾组织中有多种抗原表达,34种抗体染色均呈阳性,染色阳性的其他相对区域的组织细胞呈阴性染色。结论阑尾组织可作为大多抗体染色的阳性对照和阴性对照。方法简单,操作方便,节省抗体,适用于临床批量工作,对免疫组化的染色过程起到很好的质控作用。但对于某些抗体染色,如ER、PR等抗体的阳性对照,则应选用相应的组织如含正常导管上皮乳腺导管癌组织作对照。     

Raf激酶抑制蛋白的研究进展

Raf激酶抑制蛋白(RKIP)是磷脂酰乙醇胺结合蛋白家族的成员。RKIP通过与Raf-1结合,抑制了Ras/Raf-1/MEK/ERK信号转导通路,并在NF-κB及G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)信号转导通路中也起重要调节作用。RKIP参与细胞凋亡、肿瘤转移、神经发育以及精子发生等病理生理过程,通过研究RKIP能为治疗相关疾病提供新思路新靶点。本文主要介绍RKIP的生物功能,着重于其在神经系统、肿瘤和生殖系统中的研究进展。     

Genome-wide analysis of Nilaparvata lugens nymphal responses to high-density and low-quality rice hosts

The brown planthopper （BPH） Nilaparvata lugens is an economically impor- tant pest on rice plants. In this study, the higher population density and yellow-ripe stage of rice plants were used to construct adverse survival conditions （ASC） against BPH nymphs. Simultaneously, the low population density and tillering stage of rice plants were used to establish a suitable survival condition （SSC） as a control. Solexa/Illumina sequencing was used to identify genes of BPH nymphs responding to ASC. Significantly longer duration development of BPH nymphs and significantly lower brachypterous ratio of BPH adults were observed by ASC compared with SSC. A total of 2 544 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were obtained and analyzed by BLASTx, Gene Ontology and KEGG Orthology. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly involved in categories of cell, cell part, cellular process, binding, catalytic, organelle and metabolic processes. 1138 DEGs having enzyme commission numbers were assigned to different metabolic pathways. The largest clusters were neurodegenerative diseases （137, 12.0%）, followed by carbohy- drate metabolism （113, 9.9%）, amino acid metabolism （94, 8.3%）, nucleotide metabolism （76, 6.7%）, energy metabolism （64, 5.6%）, translation （60, 5.3%）, lipid metabolism （58, 5.1%）, and folding, sorting and degradation （52, 4.6%）. Expressing profile of 11 DEGs during eight nymphal developmental stages of BPH were analyzed by quantitative real- time polymerase chain reaction. The 11 genes exhibited differential expression between ASC and SSC during at least one developmental stage. The DEGs identified in this study provide molecular proof of how BPH reconfigures its gene expression profile to adapt to overcrowding and low-quality hosts.     

食品、药品微生物检测实验室质量控制方法分析

系统分析食品、药品微生物检测实验室的质量控制方法,从总体环境条件控制、微生物室管理、样品管理、仪器设备管理、人员管理、培养基质量控制、标准菌(毒)种管理、操作过程控制、记录管理等9个方面进行系统分析,对微生物实验室的质量控制工作提供系统指导,提高微生物检测结果的准确性.     

遗传标记和免疫学方法在实验动物质量控制中的应用

生命科学发展迅速,实验动物级别逐渐提高,在保证生物制品实验结果可靠性前提下,完善动物由低级别向高级别过渡显得十分必要,最终目的达到实验动物标准化和动物实验规范化。对实验动物质量控制中的遗传标记和免疫学方法进行了综述。     

Quantitative analysis of site-specific N-glycans on sera haptoglobin βchain in liver diseases

The site-specific characterization of N-glycans in glycopro- teins with the potential of clinical application is important. In our previous report, the overall N-glycans of sera haptoglobin （Hp） β chain were found to be different in liver diseases. Hp β chain contains four potential sites of N-glycosylation. In this study, we investigated the potential change of N-glycans on Hp β chain in a site-specific fashion. Sera Hp β chain in healthy individuals as well as patients with hepatitis B virus （HBV）, liver cirrhosis （LC） and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） were purified, digested and subjected to liquid chromatography-electro- spray ionization-higher energy collision dissociation mass spectrometry, which allowed identification and structure determination of the glycopeptide, as well as the relative quantification of glycans present on each glycopeptide. The quantitative results revealed that the sialylation of NLFLN207HSEN211 ATAK and the fucosylated structure at all glycopeptides increased significantly in LC and HCC patients compared with those in HBV patients and healthy individuals. A set of different N-glycan patterns of Hp β chain in various liver diseases has been determined. Thus, the sialylated and fucosylated glycoforms of Hp β chain might be related to early hepatocarcinogenesis and also might be useful as novel differential markers for LC and HCC patients.     

一氧化氮——朋友还是敌人?

一氧化氮具有扩张毛细血管的作用,它就像给"泄气的皮球"充气一样,大大扩充了血管的容积,使血流畅通无阻。用专业术语来说,它能让血管平滑肌松弛。当然,一氧化氮在生物体内的功能远不止如此,从生长发育到衰老死亡无所不包。如果要细数     

HMGB1在自身免疫和炎症疾病中的作用及研究进展

高迁移率族蛋白1 (High Mobility Group Box-1 Protein,HMGB1)是一种细胞核内的非组蛋白,其作为促炎介质或预警蛋白可以诱导自身免疫和炎症疾病的发生.HMGB1通常位于细胞核内,在细胞活化和死亡时,可以转运到细胞质或胞外基质中.细胞活化过程中,HMGB1经历了翻译后修饰,活性会随着半胱氨酸残基的氧化态变化而变化.HMGB1能直接作用于细胞,也能与细胞因子或其他内外源性因子形成免疫调控复合物间接作用于细胞.对于风湿性关节炎,关节滑液中胞核外的HMGB1表达上升,对HMGB1进行阻断可以减轻疾病的症状.对于牙周炎,牙龈组织中HMGB1呈高表达,并与炎症因子的释放相关.总之,HMGB1可能作为一种重要的促炎介质或预警蛋白出现在自身免疫和炎症疾病中,有望成为新的治疗靶点.     

血管内皮细胞生长因子基因-2578C/A多态性与中国北方汉族人群银屑病易感性的相关性研究

目的:探讨血管内皮细胞生长因子(vascular endothelial cell growth factor,VEGF)基因-2578 C/A单核苷酸多态性位点与中国北方地区银屑病易感性的相关性.方法:随机收集2005年10月至2007年5月在哈尔滨医科大学附属一、二院皮肤科门诊就诊的246例寻常型银屑病患者(实验组)和271名正常对照个体(对照组)的外周静脉血,使用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法分析VEGF-2578 C/A多态位点基因型,并进行统计学分析.结果:在实验组中,VEGF-2578 C/A等位基因频率分别为74.80％、25.20％;在正常对照组中,VEGF-2578 C/A等位基因频率分别为76,59％、23.41％,两组VEGF-2578 C/A多态位点基因型的分布差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:VEGF基因-2578 C/A的多态性与中国北方汉族人群银屑病的易感性无明显相关性.     

溶酶体组织蛋白酶D与中枢神经系统疾病

组织蛋白酶D(cathepsinD,carD)是溶酶体内天门冬氨酸蛋白内切酶,广泛分布于人体组织,在脑组织中则主要定位于神经元和脉络丛上皮细胞,其表达、分布及活性的变化影响着中枢神经系统疾病的发生发展,而平衡catD表达与活性及稳定其基因多态性有利于减少疾病发展的风险.在早期的研究中,catD的功能主要与乳腺癌的浸润和转移有关,而后将其作为雌激素依赖的肿瘤标志物来观察.但近几年的研究发现其在神经元的损伤中发挥着重要作用,说明catD与神经系统疾病也有着非常重要的关系.