葡萄Golden2-like转录因子家族的鉴定及其表达分析

本研究对葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）的Golden2-like （GLK）转录因子家族进行了全基因组鉴定和表达模式分析,并利用品种‘玫瑰香’（V.vinifera cv.Muscat Hamburg）进一步验证其在低温胁迫下的响应。结果显示,葡萄Golden2-like家族共46个成员,分为5个亚族,同一亚族的保守结构域相似。46个VvGLK分别定位于细胞核、叶绿体、细胞质和过氧化物酶体中,其启动子区域含多种逆境应答顺式作用元件。基因芯片分析结果表明,22个Golden2-like基因在果实发育过程中变化显著。同时,有15、15和9个基因分别响应盐、干旱和低温胁迫。qRT-PCR分析发现26个基因参与低温应答。VvGLK41在所有胁迫处理中均下调表达。     

副溶血弧菌CHY5-M1M噬菌体的分离鉴定及生物学特性分析

副溶血弧菌引起的疾病给水产养殖行业带来巨大损失,而随着抗生素的禁用,人们开始探索治疗水产动物病菌的新型方法,如噬菌体治疗法。从青岛市城阳水产品批发市场采集了15份海产品养殖水及下水道污水样品,以副溶血弧菌作为宿主菌,采用点滴法分离纯化获得12株副溶血弧菌噬菌体,通过双层平板法研究副溶血弧菌噬菌体CHY5-M1M的最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线、温度和pH的稳定性以及对紫外线的敏感度等生物学特性。结果显示,CHY5-M1M噬菌体效价为8.65×10¹³ CFU·mL^-1,且在100感染复数时效价最高;一步生长曲线的潜伏期为20 min,裂解时长100 min,140 min后达到平稳期;噬菌体在温度为40 ℃时效价最高,高于60 ℃时活性开始下降;噬菌体pH适应范围为5~11;噬菌体浓度随紫外照射时间增加明显下降;噬菌体基因组共43 193 bp,包含44个基因,无毒力因子基因和抗生素耐药基因。研究结果表明,噬菌体CHY5-M1M在开发新型抗弧菌药物、预防治疗严重海水动物弧菌病等方面具有良好的应用前景,有望作为未来的抗生素替代产品。     

转基因玉米生物育种技术的专利分析及产业发展建议

通过研究转基因玉米育种技术的专利文献,可分析各国转基因玉米生物育种技术的发展趋势、研发领域的分布、跨国种业集团的产业布局。利用MS Excel和Innography等分析软件,采用图表分析方法对世界转基因玉米生物育种的专利文献进行定性分析和定量分析。结果发现,中国是转基因玉米生物育种的主要研发国家之一,其中基因编辑技术处于领先地位;我国创新主体仍以大专院校、科研院所为主,缺乏科研成果的转化动力,需要加大对转基因技术产业的扶植力度和知识产权服务。研究结果旨在为研究者确定研究方向、跟踪竞争对手的研究进展、分析跨国种业集团的产业布局、制定产业发展政策等提供参考建议。     

一种基于配体肽的CRP荧光检测探针的研制

C反应蛋白（C-reaction protein,CRP）是反映机体炎症的有效标志物,早期检测是判断炎症相关疾病的关键,因此,研制CRP新型检测制剂具有重要意义。利用噬菌体表面展示技术对CRP特异性亲和配体进行了筛选,采用固相肽合成技术对目标配体进行了合成,并经生物标记、高效液相色谱法（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）分析及质谱（mass spectrometry,MS）鉴定,成功制得检测CRP的荧光探针。经3轮筛选、ELISA检测、重组噬菌体测序及序列比对后得到1个目标配体肽：S-P-H-N-R-S-N-L-V-Q-E-L;经肽合成及生物标记获得1种CRP荧光探针：FITC-（Acp）-S-P-H-N-R-S-N-L-V-Q-E-L。研究结果为CRP的有效检测提供了一种新型制剂。     

Two New Sesquiterpenoid Glucosides from the Aerial Parts of Saussurea involucrate

Two new sesqulterpenoid glucosides, namely α-hydroxycostic acid 6-β-D-glucopyranoside （compound 1） and 11 βH-11,13-dlhydrodehydrocostuslactone 8α-O-（6＇-acetyl）-β-D-glucopyranoside （compound 2）, along with 11 known sesqulterpenoids （compounds 3-13） were isolated from the aerial parts of Saussurea involucrate （Kar. et Kir.） Sch.- BIp. The structures of the new sesquiterpenoid glucosides were established by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry analysis.     

金龟子绿僵菌在森林土壤中的分布及对松墨天牛致病性测定

松墨天牛是重大森林植物检疫性病害——松材线虫病的主要媒介昆虫。本研究于2005年8月～2006年8月从福建、江西两省共110个林分样区(其中松林88个样区)采集土壤样品330份,采用选择性培养基分离土壤中的金龟子绿僵菌。从21个样区的26份土样中分离出的金龟子绿僵菌占采集样区的19．1％和样品的7．9％,成菌落数(CFU)500～72500CFU/g,表明金龟子绿僵菌在森林土壤中有较为广泛的分布。对分离到的9个产孢量高的菌株,采用浸渍法(1×10~7孢子/mL)接种3～4龄健康松墨天牛幼虫,采用跗节接种法接种2～15日龄健康成虫,测定其致病力。结果表明,MaYTTR-03、MaYTTR-04菌株对松墨天牛幼虫和成虫均有较高致病力,表现出良好的生防潜力。     

小麦种子中几丁质酶基因的扩增及序列分析

根据http://www.tigr.org中与小麦几丁质酶基因相关的序列TC187877,设计引物,分别从小麦品种Gamenya和苏麦3号中扩增到大小约为1 000bp的片段。经序列测定和软件分析比较,发现这些片段所编码的蛋白质氨基酸序列,都有CHITINASE-19.1和CHITINASE-19.2的基序,为第II类几丁质酶基因。扩增的核酸序列在GenBank上发表,登录号分别为AY973229和AY973230。     

高雄山虫草及其细脚拟青霉无性型

报道采自安徽省天堂寨自然保护区的高雄山虫草Cordyceps takaomontana及其无性型细脚拟青霉Paecilomyces tenuipes ,应用单子囊孢子分离鉴定和微循环产孢的方法确证了两者的对应关系,并修订了高雄山虫草的原始描述。双梭孢虫草C．bifusispora可能为高雄山虫草的同物异名。同时采集的具数个红色子座且有双梭形子囊孢子的虫草不是同一个种。     

Protective Effects of Vitamin E against Oxidative Damage Induced by Aβ1-40Cu（Ⅱ） Complexes

β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) is considered to be responsible for the formation of senile plaques,which is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Oxidative stress,manifested by protein oxidation andlipid peroxidation,among other alterations,is a characteristic of AD brain.A growing body of evidence hasbeen presented in support of Aβ_(1-40) forming an oligomeric complex that binds copper at a CuZn superoxidedismutase-like binding site. Aβ_(1-40)Cu(Ⅱ) complexes generate neurotoxic hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) from O_2via Cue reduction,though the precise reaction mechanism is unclear.The toxicity of Aβ_(1-40) or the Aβ_(1-40)Cu(Ⅱ)complexes to cultured primary cortical neurons was partially attenuated when ( )-α-tocopherol (vitamin E)as free radical antioxidant was added at a concentration of 100 μM.The data derived from lactate dehydro-genase (LDH) release and the formation of H_2O_2 confirmed the results from the MTT assay.These findingsindicate that copper binding to Aβ_(1-40) can give rise to greater production of H_2O_2, which leads to a break-down in the integrity of the plasma membrane and subsequent neuronal death.Groups treated with vitaminE exhibited much slighter damage,suggesting that vitamin E plays a key role in protecting neuronal cellsfrom dysfunction or death.     

Cloning, sequence analysis and identification of a nonsense mutation-mediated mRNA decay of porcine GSTM2 gene

The glutathione S-transferase mu 2 gene （GSTM2） encodes a GST functioning in the elimination of electrophilic compounds and the regulation of cell growth. In this study, the sequence of porcine GSTM2 gene that contains the complete sequence encoding a protein of 218 amino acids was cloned. The deduced amino acid sequence shared 76%, 78% and 76% identity with that of human, mouse and rat, respectively, mRNA expression analysis showed that the porcine GSTM2 gene was expressed at a high level in liver and testis, at a medium level in longissimus dorsi muscle, adipose tissue, spleen and lung, at a low level in kidney, and at a very low level in heart and embryo. A nonsense mutation （CGA→TGA） resulted from C27T substitution in the fifth exon to produce a premature translation termination codon was identified, and it was discovered that nonsense-mediated mRNA decay might have an effect on the regulation of porcine GSTM2 gene expression. This polymorphism was analyzed in Large White, Landrace, Meishan and Qingping pig populations using the Taq I-polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The result showed that allele C had a higher frequency than allele T in each population.