玉米专用有机缓释复混肥的一次性施肥试验总结

在相同栽培技术水平下,有机缓释复混肥一次性施肥与常规施肥栽培法的产量对比关系,试验结果表明:有机缓释复混肥一次性施肥的产量比常规施肥低。     

沙棘林人工栽培技术

沙棘是集经济价值、生态价值、社会价值于一身优良树种,由沙棘开发出来的食品、保健品、化妆品、药品等绿色产品备受现代人们的喜爱。本文从沙棘形态特征、生长习性、沙棘栽培和病虫害防治四个方面进行介绍,为实际生产应用提供参考价值。     

浅谈杨梅的栽培管理方法及措施

本文概述了杨梅的栽培管理方法及措施,为杨梅丰收增产提供了可用依据。     

新疆野生及栽培一枝蒿多糖对树突状细胞免疫功能的影响北大核心CSCD

研究和比较新疆野生与栽培一枝蒿多糖对骨髓来源树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)成熟和功能的影响。超声法制备野生及栽培一枝蒿粗多糖;Sevage法除蛋白;蒽酮-硫酸法测定多糖含量;流式细胞术检测DCs的成熟;ELISA法检测IL-12和TNF-α的表达水平。结果显示,野生及栽培一枝蒿多糖含量分别为26.18%和22.14%,去除蛋白质后多糖含量分别为30.94%和27.06%;野生及栽培一枝蒿多糖均可以显著增强小鼠骨髓来源CD11c+DCs表面分子CD40,CD86及CD80的表达(P<0.05);显著促进IL-12和TNF-α的表达(P<0.05);显著降低DCs吞噬FITC-Dextran的能力;且相同剂量对DCs的免疫活性无显著性差异(P>0.05);除蛋白和不除蛋白的野生及栽培一枝蒿多糖的免疫活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。新疆野生和栽培一枝蒿多糖含量差异较小,并均可以促进小鼠骨髓来源DCs的成熟和功能,且差异不大。     

硬杂木屑替代桦木屑栽培桦褐孔菌

为获得广泛栽培原料和提高栽培菌核生物学效率,开展了桦褐孔菌人工栽培比较试验,并利用桦褐孔菌常规栽培配方筛选人工栽培管理条件。试验获得桦木屑培养料出核最佳条件:菌袋不割口,无棉盖体封口,温度20～25℃,光照200 lx,基质含水量60%。菌丝粗壮,浓密,生长速度快;菌核出现早,数量多,颜色深,产量高。此管理条件下,通过桦木屑、杂木屑+玉米芯的复方栽培基质比较,获得了代用栽培料配方:杂木屑46%,玉米芯40%,麦麸10%,豆粉2%,白糖1%,石膏1%,水分60%,pH自然。菌核产量27.5 g/袋,生物学效率达30.7%,该配方与桦木屑基质菌核产量差异不显著。     

脆木耳生物学特性及驯化栽培

对采自海南省白沙县鹦哥岭阔叶树腐木上的标本,根据形态学特征和多基因分析,鉴定为脆木耳Auricularia fibrillifera,经分离纯化获得纯菌株作为实验材料,为了充分利用和开发木耳属资源,首次对该种的生物学特性和驯化栽培进行了研究。研究不同碳源、氮源、无机盐和生长因子在固体培养条件下对脆木耳菌丝生长的影响,对以上4个因素进行单因素试验,从中选出3个最优的水平进行正交试验。结果表明：脆木耳菌丝最适生长温度为33℃,最佳碳源为麦芽糖,最佳氮源为牛肉粉,最佳无机盐添加量为1.5% PO₄^3--1% Mg²⁺,最佳生长因子为玉米汁。驯化栽培过程中,栽培配方为：木屑78%,麸皮20%,石膏粉1%,石灰粉1%,发菌温度为22℃可使脆木耳菌丝在40d左右满袋,且生长旺盛,可培育出子实体。     

培土栽培对麻竹笋品质的影响机理研究

为了评价不同栽培模式对麻竹笋品质影响,提高竹林经济效益,采用培土栽培和不培土栽培两种方式,通过研究麻竹笋外观形态、营养物质、呈味物质及氨基酸含量,分析了不同培土栽培对麻竹笋品质的影响。结果表明:(1)培土栽培的麻竹笋个体重量、基茎、长度及可食率较不培土栽培竹笋分别显著提高了28.09%、12.76%、19.61%、23.53%,箨壁厚度显著降低了46.43%。(2)培土栽培的麻竹笋灰分、蛋白质、脂肪及淀粉含量较不培土栽培竹笋分别显著下降了10.08%、12.77%、26.09%、48.84%,而还原糖、可溶性糖、水分及维生素C含量均不同程度增加。(3)培土栽培的麻竹笋单宁、草酸、纤维素、木质素含量较不培土栽培竹笋分别下降26.32%、20.26%、39.12%、25.47%。(4)培土栽培的麻竹笋氨基酸总量较不培土栽培竹笋显著增加了26.08%,其中的苦味、芳香类和鲜味氨基酸含量占比均下降,但甜味氨基酸占比则显著上升。研究发现,培土栽培可以改善麻竹笋外观形态,同时增加竹笋甜味、减少粗糙度和酸涩味,从而使竹笋品质得到明显提升。     

Development of Oryza rufipogon and O. sativa Introgression Lines and Assessment for Yield-related Quantitative Trait Loci

Introgression lines population was effectively used in mapping quantitative trait loci （QTLs）, identifying favorable genes, discovering hidden genetic variation, evaluating the action or interaction of QTLs in multiple conditions and providing the favorable experimental materials for plant breeding and genetic research. In this study, an advanced backcross and consecutive selfing strategy was used to develop introgression lines （ILs）, which derived from an accession of Oryza rufipogon Griff. collected from Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province of China, as the donor, and an elite indica cultivar Teqing （O. sativa L.）, as the recipient. Introgression segments from O. rufipogon were screened using 179 polymorphic simple sequence repeats （SSR） markers in the genome of each IL. Introgressed segments carried by the introgression lines population contained 120 ILs covering the whole O. rufipogon genome. The mean number of homozygous O. rufipogon segments per introgression line was about 3.88. The average length of introgressed segments was approximate 25.5 cM, and about 20.8% of these segments had sizes less than 10 cM. The genome of each IL harbored the chromosomal fragments of O. rufipogon ranging from 0.54% to 23.7%, with an overall average of 5.79%. At each locus, the ratio of substitution of O. rufipogon alleles had a range of 1.67-9.33, with an average of 5.50. A wide range of alterations in morphological and yield-related traits were also found in the introgression lines population. Using single-point analysis, a total of 37 putative QTLs for yield and yield components were detected at two sites with 7%-20% explaining the phenotypic variance. Nineteen QTLs （51.4%） were detected at both sites, and the alleles from O. rufipogon at fifteen loci （40.5%） improved the yield and yield components in the Teqing background. These O. rufipogon-O, sativa introgression lines will serve as genetic materials for identifying and using favorable genes from common wild rice.     

Astaxanthin Accumulation in the Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis： Effects of Cultivation Parameters

The green alga, Haematococcus pluvlalis Flotow is used as a source of the ketocarotenoid astaxanthin for application in fish aquaculture, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Ceils of the green alga were induced by the application of different light and starvation conditions to evaluate the effect in astaxanthin accumulate. The conditions used for the Induction were high light intensity （170 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）, iron starvation, sulfur starvation and phosphate starvation. The results show that stresses applied in culture, which interfere with cell division, trigger the accumulation of astaxanthin. Notably, sulfur starvation results in a massive accumulation of this commercially important carotenoid.     

栽培稻种质资源的深根比鉴定评价北大核心CSCD

干旱是水稻生产中最严重的非生物胁迫,增强根系对深层土壤水分的吸取能力是提高水稻抗旱性的重要育种目标。为筛选优异抗旱稻种资源,本研究对2234份栽培稻种质资源进行了以深根比为鉴定指标的避旱性鉴定评价,在水分梯度抗旱大棚中对131份具有不同深根比的种质进行了孕穗期抗旱性鉴定评价。供试材料的深根比变异范围为8.6%~60.1%,平均深根比为25.8%,47.2%材料的深根比集中在20%~30%之间,25.2%材料的深根比低于20%,深根比超过40%的高深根比种质仅占6.1%;国外材料中高深根比种质比例达到了24.4%,其次是上海(17.9%)和湖南(15.6%),广东、贵州和广西的高深根比种质比例均低于1%;地方品种的深根比略高于育成品种(系),地方品种的高深根比种质比例也高于育成品种(系);粳稻深根比高于籼稻深根比,粳稻中高深根比种质比例是籼稻的3.6倍;在籼稻种质中,湖南籼稻材料中高深根比种质比例较高,而广东、广西和贵州等省的籼稻种质中都只有1份高深根比种质。孕穗期抗旱性鉴定结果显示,高深根比种质中的高抗旱材料比例是低深根比材料的3.2倍、是中等深根比材料的2.0倍。综合分析干旱胁迫和正常水分条件下的结实率以及两种情况下的每穗粒数比值和结实率比值等抗旱性鉴定指标,筛选获得26份抗旱性优异材料,可作为水稻节水抗旱育种优良亲本和应用于抗旱基因挖掘。