脆木耳生物学特性及驯化栽培

对采自海南省白沙县鹦哥岭阔叶树腐木上的标本,根据形态学特征和多基因分析,鉴定为脆木耳Auricularia fibrillifera,经分离纯化获得纯菌株作为实验材料,为了充分利用和开发木耳属资源,首次对该种的生物学特性和驯化栽培进行了研究。研究不同碳源、氮源、无机盐和生长因子在固体培养条件下对脆木耳菌丝生长的影响,对以上4个因素进行单因素试验,从中选出3个最优的水平进行正交试验。结果表明：脆木耳菌丝最适生长温度为33℃,最佳碳源为麦芽糖,最佳氮源为牛肉粉,最佳无机盐添加量为1.5% PO₄^3--1% Mg²⁺,最佳生长因子为玉米汁。驯化栽培过程中,栽培配方为：木屑78%,麸皮20%,石膏粉1%,石灰粉1%,发菌温度为22℃可使脆木耳菌丝在40d左右满袋,且生长旺盛,可培育出子实体。

Biological characteristics and cultivation of Auricularia fibrillifera

An Auricularia special specimen discovered in Baisha County, Hainan Province of China, grown on rotten wood, is identified as Auricularia fibrillifera, based on morphological characteristics and polygenic analysis. Biological characteristics and domestic cultivation of the fungus were evaluated. Effects of different carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt and growth factors on mycelial growth of the fungus under solid culture condition were investigated by orthogonal experiments. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth was 33°C, the best carbon source was maltose, the best nitrogen source was beef extract powder, the best inorganic salt was 1.5% PO₄^3--1% Mg²⁺ and corn juice was the best growth factors. In domestication experiments, the best substrate formula is composed of sawdust 78%, bran 20%, gypsum 1% and lime 1%, which well supports the mycelial growth and accelerates primordium formation and fruitage, and sackful occurs within 40 days.