肿瘤的细胞免疫治疗研究进展

随着抗原递呈机制与细胞对特异性抗原识别机制的揭示、众多重要的人细胞因子及其功能的发现、分子克隆与细胞克隆技术的发展,细胞免疫治疗日益受到重视,并成为肿瘤等疾病临床治疗新思路、新方法的研究热点,肿瘤的细胞免疫治疗技术也在近20年内得到了广泛深入的研究和临床实践。在此,我们简要综述近年来肿瘤的细胞免疫治疗研究进展。     

螃蟹拍摄入门

不同种类的螃蟹,为了适应不同的生活环境,会演化出不同的外部形态和觅食习惯,因此会选择住在自己喜欢的环境中。想要去享受与体验赏蟹的乐趣,就必须根据这些特点到不同的环境中去观察。螃蟹栖息环境沙质滩涂:栖息于此的蟹类都需要挖掘洞穴或潜入沙中。号称幽灵的沙蟹、股窗蟹及善于潜沙的和尚蟹、顽强黎明蟹等,是沙质滩涂地的优势种。泥质滩涂:泥质比沙质滩涂有着更丰富的有机碎屑,可以为螃蟹提供食物来源。但所保有的水分,上下层交换不易,所以必须克服泥质滩涂地下缺氧的     

"采集和测算空气中的尘埃粒子"实验中的几处改进

1)课本上建议在载玻片上画边长为2 mm的小方格,将其放在显微镜下观察计数,这样尽管利用最小的目镜和最小的物镜,还是看不全一格,数出的尘埃粒子数量不准确,可能会出现重复计数或漏计数而数错,出现较大误差。笔者在实验中作了以下改正:将边长为2 mm2的方格改为1 mm的方格,在低倍显微镜下1 mm2的方格则可见一到两格,这样数出的尘埃粒子就不会出错了。     

4株具有荚膜的白假丝酵母菌的分离与鉴定

取临床标本（性病门诊病人阴道分泌物）直接涂片染色镜检及用沙保氏琼脂平板分离培养、作涂片革兰染色镜检、出芽试验、厚膜孢子形成试验、糖发酵试验等鉴定菌种;小白鼠与家兔试验、荚膜肿胀试验、透射电镜等观察荚膜,观察白假丝酵母菌临床分离菌株（C1-1、C1-2、C1-3、C1-4）的荚膜结构并探讨其形成条件。结果显示：（1）C1-1、C1-2、C1-3、C1-4四株临床分离菌株均为革兰阳性、念珠状菌;能形成芽管、假菌丝、厚膜孢子;能发酵葡萄糖和麦芽糖产酸又产气;发酵蔗糖产酸不产气;不发酵乳糖。（2）在感染小白鼠及家兔体内均可形成荚膜,荚膜层的厚度可因不同环境而有显著差异（P〈0．01或〈0．05）,边界明显;荚膜肿胀试验阳性。4株临床分离菌株均可被鉴定为具有荚膜的白假丝酵母菌。     

5774例临床生育不良者异常染色体核型分析及32种人类染色体新核型报告

为了探讨异常染色体核型在临床生育不良人群中的分布及其与临床生育结局的关系, 采用常规方法制备外周血淋巴细胞染色体, 经G显带, 对 5 774例临床生育不良者做了外周血染色体核型分析, 检查出异常核型550 例。其中三体核型 255 例占 46.36％, 相互易位 91 例占 16.55％, 染色体倒位 85 例占 15.45％, 染色体缺失 81 例占 14.73％, 罗伯逊易位21例占3.82%, 短臂增加7例占1.27%, 大丫6例占1.09%, 随体异常4例占0.73%。其中 32 例为首次报道的新核型。其临床结局有流产、不育、先天畸形等。结果表明携带异常核型染色体, 可能是影响生育的重要原因之一。     

Pollen morphology of the genus Cornukaempferia （Zingiberaceae） in Thailand

Cornukaempferia is a recently described genus of Zingiberaceae which only occurs in Thailand as a rare genus with limited geographical distribution. Only three species have been described so far, including a recently described new species, C. larsenii. These three species are morphologically very similar and additional data on other biological aspects are useful for the elucidation of their relationship. Pollen morphology of all three species of genus Cornukaempferia has been studied by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains are monad, spherical, inaperturate. The exine sculpture is echinate with psilate between the spines for C. aurantiflora and C. longipetiolata, or echinate with regulate between the spines for C. larsenii. This observation helps support the taxonomic status of C. larsenii.     

Histological and Ultrastructural Observation Reveals Significant Cellular Differences between Agrobacterium Transformed Embryogenic and Non-embryogenic Calli of Cotton

Over the past few decades genetic engineering has been applied to improve cotton breeding. Agrobacterium medicated transformation is nowadays widely used as an efficient approach to introduce exogenous genes into cotton for genetically modified organisms. However, it still needs to be improved for better transformation efficiency and higher embryogenic callus induction ratios. To research further the difference of mechanisms for morphogenesis between embryogenic callus and non-embryogenic callus, we carried out a systematical study on the histological and cellular ultrastructure of Agrobacterium transformed calli. Results showed that the embryogenic callus developed nodule-like structures, which were formed by small, tightly packed, hemispherical cells. The surface of some embryogenic callus was covered with a fibrilar-like structure named extracellular matrix. The cells of embryogenic calli had similar morphological characteristics. Organelles of embryogenic callus cells were located near the nucleus, and chloroplasts degraded to proplastid-like structures with some starch grains. In contrast, the non-embryogenic calli were covered by oval or sphere cells or small clusters of cells. It was observed that cells had vacuolation of cytoplasm and plastids with a well organized endomembrane system. This study aims to understand the mechanisms of embryogenic callus morphogenesis and to improve the efficiency of cotton transformation in future.     

念珠菌病的临床研究进展

念珠菌病是由念珠菌属的某些种群引起的条件致病真菌感染,是人类真菌感染性疾病中最多见的疾病。临床上分为浅部皮肤黏膜念珠菌病和深部念珠菌病（亦称系统性念珠菌病）。近年来深部念珠菌病的发病率有上升趋势,该病涉及临床各科室,危害性大,病死率高,是临床研究的热点。现复习近年国内外文献,就其致病念珠菌的动态流行病学、分子流行病学以及该病的实验室诊断进展及防治现状加以简要的介绍。     

鼻部固定型孢子丝菌病10例临床分析

2006年1月～至2008年12月期间我院诊治了鼻部固定型孢子丝菌病10例,报告如下。     

北京大学真菌与真菌病研究中心CBS真菌生物多样性中心联合举办医学真菌学培训班

当前,引起真菌病有关的真菌谱在迅速扩大,这主要是由于艾滋病、白血病、器官移植或大手术导致的重度免疫缺陷病人的激增,真菌感染是导致这些病人死亡的根本原因。对病原真菌的正确鉴定是提高真菌病诊断水平的关键。国际著名的CBS真菌生物多样性中心与北京大学真菌中心将在北京联合为临床医生、临床微生物学家、实验室技术人员和研究生提供医学真菌学培训课程。课程主办人是国际人和动物真菌学会主席,著名医学真菌学家Sybren de Hoog教授,同时邀请了多位国内外著名的真菌学家为本培训班授课。主要讲授致病性、