濒危树种广西青梅保护初步研究

在广西,广西青梅仅发现有三株大树,更新能力差,处于濒危状态。本文通过野外调查、引种及繁殖试验,研究了广西青梅的生态特征及种子生物学特性,并对其迁地保护适应性和种群动态进行讨论。     

洞庭湖四种黄颡鱼基因组DNA遗传多样性的RAPD分析

以洞庭湖瓦氏黄颡鱼、光泽黄颡鱼、长须黄颡鱼、普通黄颡鱼的基因组DNA为材料对 4种黄颡鱼进行了遗传多样性随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分析。通过筛选的 90个引物对 4种黄颡鱼基因组DNA的扩增 ,获得了 36个有效引物 ,并计算出了 4种黄颡鱼群体间的遗传相似系数和遗传距离 ,遗传距离最大的为普通黄颡鱼和瓦氏黄颡鱼 (D =0 9895 ) ,遗传距离最小的为普通黄颡鱼和光泽黄颡鱼 (D =0 672 0 )。同时运用聚类分析 (UPGMA)的方法建立了 4种黄颡鱼的聚类图。     

Reconstitution of Telomerase Activity Extends the Proliferative Life-span and Maintains the Neurogenetic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Fetal Muscle

目的 :通过重建端粒酶活性延长胎儿肌肉源间充质干细胞寿命 ,并对其成神经潜能进行研究 ,为组织工程神经修复提供种子细胞。方法 :将人端粒酶催化亚基 (hTERT)基因通过脂质体转染法导入胎儿肌肉源间充质干细胞 ,RT PCR检测hTERTmRNA的表达 ,TRAP PCR检测细胞端粒酶活性。用bFGF诱导已重建端粒酶活性的肌肉源间充质干细胞向神经细胞分化 ,免疫荧光及免疫印迹法检测分化情况。结果 :转染hTERT的胎儿肌肉源间充质干细胞能稳定表达端粒酶活性。转染后传 75代的细胞经bFGF诱导仍维持着自我更新及向神经细胞分化的潜能 ,且无恶性转化倾向。结论 :重建端粒酶活性可延长胎儿肌肉源间充质干细胞寿命并维持自我更新及成神经潜能 ,为建立组织工程标准细胞系提供了新的实验手段     

Administration of mircoRNA‐135b‐reinforced exosomes derived from MSCs ameliorates glucocorticoid‐induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) in rats

Exosomes were found to exert a therapeutic effect in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), while miR‐135b was shown to play an important role in the development of ONFH. In this study, we investigated the effects of concomitant administration of exosomes and miR‐135b on the treatment of ONFH. A rat mode of ONFH was established. TEM, Western blotting and nanoparticle analysis were used to characterize the exosomes collected from human‐induced pluripotent stem cell–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hiPS‐MSC‐Exos). Micro‐CT was used to observe the trabecular bone structure of the femoral head. Real‐time PCR, Western blot analysis, IHC assay, TUNEL assay, MTT assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect the effect of hiPS‐MSC‐Exos and miR‐135b on cell apoptosis and the expression of PDCD4/caspase‐3/OCN. Moreover, computational analysis and luciferase assay were conducted to identify the regulatory relationship between PDCD4 mRNA and miR‐135b. The hiPS‐MSC‐Exos collected in this study displayed a spheroidal morphology with sizes ranging from 20 to 100 nm and a mean concentration of 1 × 10¹² particles/mL. During the treatment of ONFH, the administration of hiPS‐MSC‐Exos and miR‐135b alleviated the magnitude of bone loss. Furthermore, the treatment of MG‐63 and U‐2 cells with hiPS‐MSC‐Exos and miR‐135b could promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis. Moreover, PDCD4 mRNA was identified as a virtual target gene of miR‐135b. HiPS‐MSC‐Exos exerted positive effects during the treatment of ONFH, and the administration of miR‐135b could reinforce the effect of hiPS‐MSC‐Exos by inhibiting the expression of PDCD4.     

KCNQ1 rs2237892 C→T gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Asian population: a meta‐analysis of 15,736 patients

The KCNQ1 rs2237892 C→T gene polymorphism is reportedly associated with T2DM susceptibility, but various studies show conflicting results. To explore this association in the Asian population, a meta‐analysis of 15,736 patients from 10 individual studies was performed. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated using random‐effect or fixed‐effect models. A significant relationship between the KCNQ1 rs2237892 C→T gene polymorphism and T2DM was observed in the Asian population under the allelic (OR, 1.350; 95% CI, 1.240–1.480; P < 0.00001), recessive (OR: 0.650; 95% CI: 0.570–0.730; P < 0.00001), dominant (OR: 1.450; 95% CI: 1.286–1.634; P < 0.00001), and additive (OR: 1.346; 95% CI: 1.275–1.422; P < 0.00001) genetic models. In the subgroup analysis by race, a significant association was found in Chinese, Korean and Malaysia population, but not in Indian population. KCNQ1 rs2237892 C→T gene polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with increased T2DM risk in the Asian population, except Indian population. The C allele of the KCNQ1 rs2237892 C→T gene polymorphism may confer susceptibility to T2DM.     

医学院校《微生物学》实验课的实验室安全管理初步探讨

随着微生物实验新技术的发展,仪器设备日益增多(特别是精、尖仪器设备增多),加之进入高校微生物实验室的教师、学生数量增多,且学生的实验素质参差不齐,使得安全风险隐患日益增加,实验管理难度显著增强。微生物实验室如何进行科学管理,来保证实验室安全并达到最佳运行效率的问题日益受到关注。实验室管理是一项需要具备良好的专业知识技能、严谨的工作态度和科学的管理办法相结合的管理工作,以医学院校微生物实验室为例,通过完善实验室制度建设、加强实验室人员管理、落实仪器设备运行维护、强化实验物品管理等方法,确保实验室的安全,为日常实验教学和科研工作提供有力支撑,为其他类型实验室的科学管理提供了思路。     

Risk assessment of pea moth Cydia nigricana infestation in organic green peas based on spatio‐temporal distribution and phenology of the host plant

• 1 A method for area‐wide risk assessment of pea moth infestation in commercial pea‐growing areas based on spatial and temporal analyses of pea moth abundance and the phenological distribution of pea fields was investigated.
• 2 In a commercial pea‐growing region in Saxony, Germany, all pea fields were identified, mapped and characterized, recording the pea plant phenology, pea moth flight and larval infestation of each field in the years 2006–2008.
• 3 The relationship between pea moth flight and pea plant phenology was studied in detail in small‐scale field experiments in Hesse, Germany, using different pea cultivars and sowing dates.
• 4 In the study area, the abundance of Cydia nigricana Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in organic green peas increased linearly with the pea‐cropping area of the previous year in the surroundings of the current fields according to the continuous abundance index.
• 5 Considering solely the early flowering period (= early pea sowing dates) of the organic green peas, we calculated that a minimum distance of the current pea field to the nearest pea field of the previous year of 500 m was necessary to significantly reduce pea moth flight and larval infestation.
• 6 In small‐scale field experiments, a correlation between pea moth flight and larval investation, as well as the importance of the pea flower for the pea moth occurrence, was demonstrated.
• 7 The spatio‐temporal findings are discussed in relation to the development of a coincidence avoidance strategy in pea‐growing areas.

     

不同方法分离的成人睾丸支持细胞与胰岛共移植的效果对比

目的比较成人睾丸支持（Sertoli）细胞不同分离方法的效果,建立成人Sertoli细胞简便高效的分离方法。方法将质量相等的睾丸组织按照不同分离方法随机分为3组：A组采用胰蛋白酶、DNA酶、胶原酶和透明质酸酶一步消化法;B组采用胰蛋白酶和DNA酶第一步消化,胶原酶和透明质酸酶第二步消化;C组采用胰蛋白酶和DNA酶第一步消化,透明质酸酶第二步消化,胶原酶第三步消化;D组为对照组。采用形态学观察和免疫组化鉴定Sertoli细胞;MTT法和流式细胞仪法测定3组Sertoli细胞的活性和纯度;应用生存分析方法比较3组Sertoli细胞与胰岛共移植至糖尿病鼠的效果。结果分离获得的细胞经形态学和免疫组化鉴定,具有Sertoli细胞的特征,A、B、C三组Sertoli细胞的纯度分别为（85．17±1．8）％、（92．33±2．5）％和（93．12±2．6）％,B组和C组的Sertoli细胞纯度显著高于A组（t=7．35,t=7．95,P=0．00,P=0．00）。B组Sertoli细胞活性于培养14d时达到峰值,此后缓慢下降。B组Sertoli细胞活性显著高于A组和C组（t=4．02,t=2．77,P=0．00,P=0．01）,且B组Sertoli细胞与胰岛共移植术后胰岛移植物存活时间显著高于A、c、D组（F=165．548,P=0．000）。结论采用两步消化的方法能够获得纯度和活性较高的Sertoli细胞,其与胰岛共移植能够显著延长移植物存活。     

Studies on the Genus Annitella Klapálek (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae: Chaetopterygini) in the Iberian Peninsula

Three new Annitella species (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae, Chaetopterygini) from the Iberian Peninsula, Annitella amelia sp.n. (Portugal), A. cabeza sp.n. (Spain) and A. lalomba sp.n. (Spain) are described. Psilopteryx (Acropsilopteryx) esparraguera Schmid, 1952 and Psilopteryx sanabriensis Gonzales and Otero, 1985 are transferred to the genus Annitella. Brief decriptions and illustrations of these species and of the related species A. pyrenaea (Navás, 1930) are given. A sketch map of the distribution of the Annitella species in the Iberian Peninsula is included.