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41.
Gomphomastacinae is a grasshopper subfamily in Eumastacidae, with a morphology and distribution distinct from other subfamilies. The alpine genera of Gomphomastacinae that inhabit the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in China show unique characteristics adapted to high-altitude life. However, their phylogenetic position and biogeographic history remain controversial. Thus, to determine the diversification history of these alpine genera and the origin of the subfamily, we obtained mitochondrial genome sequences from all seven Gomphomastacinae genera distributed in China. The reconstructed phylogeny was well supported and confirmed the phylogenetic position of Gomphomastacinae within Eumastacidae. Time calibration revealed a deep-time origin of the subfamily dating back to the Cretaceous period, and the diversification among alpine genera was also an ancient pre-Miocene event (30–50 Ma). Based on phylogeny and time estimates, the most likely biogeographic scenario is that Gomphomastacinae originated from an ancestral lineage that lived in East Gondwana and dispersed to Central and Western Asia through India. Subsequently, the alpine genera likely diverged along with the uplift of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and survived drastic climate change by in situ adaptation to high-altitude dwellings. 相似文献
42.
Professor Wen-Tsai Wang (王文采, June 5, 1926–November 16, 2022) was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and a legendary plant taxonomist at the Institute of Botany of CAS (Fig.1). Herein, we organize a virtual special issue in Journal of Systematics and Evolution (JSE) to celebrate the legacy and life of Professor Wang, who was a leading plant taxonomist in China and made important contributions toward advancing the understanding of the flora of China, the biogeography of eastern Asia, and biodiversity research in the vast Hengduan Mountains. He served as the Editor-in-Chief of Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (now JSE) for 6 years from 1982 to 1988, and trained several generations of plant taxonomists in China (Li,2001). 相似文献
43.
Jie Wang Gao-Fei Fu Luke R. Tembrock Xue-Zhu Liao Song Ge Zhi-Qiang Wu 《植物分类学报:英文版》2023,61(2):328-344
The study of genomic structural evolution associated with accelerated evolutionary rates that result in avoidance of meltdown and increase biodiversity is becoming ever more possible as the number of available plastomes increases. To more comprehensively analyze rate heterogeneity among monocots and within Poaceae, we sequenced plastomes from four Poaceae species, combined them with publicly available data from ~200 plastomes, and conducted comparative analyses to quantify the pattern of rate heterogeneity between different lineages, functional groups, and periods of evolutionary time. We compared structural differences across the Poaceae to quantify how changes in plastome size correspond to different genomic subunits and the evolution of IR–SC junction boundaries. The substitution rates among ancestral Poaceae were inferred to be exceptionally rapid compared to other monocots but slowed after divergence into extant lineages, which could not be sufficiently explained by positive selection. As such, rapid rates in the ancestral lineage leading to Poaceae might be more closely linked to large-scale structural changes like the loss of ycf1 and ycf2. The total increase in plastome size across Poaceae was positively correlated with the total length of intergenic spacers, tandem repeats, and dispersed repeats as well as large single copy, and inverted repeats (IRs). The continuous evolution of IR–SC junction boundaries was asynchronous with sizes of total genome and subunits across Poaceae. Future work is needed to better understand what factors in ancestral Poaceae evolved to harness such rapid rates of plastome evolution, avoid a mutational meltdown, and escape the stagnation of strong purifying selection as well as if these factors could be utilized to synthetically control rates. 相似文献
44.
45.
应用[~3H]TdR掺入离体培养大鼠肝细胞DNA的方法,测定由本室提取的pHSS的生物活性。结果表明,pHSS可显著促进原代培养大鼠肝细胞的DNA合成,其促进率约为对照组的10倍左右。培养液中血清浓度对pHSS的生物活性表达有显著影响,不同浓度血清可以使pHSS表现出不同的量效关系,这些结果在Buffello大鼠肝细胞系的实验中得到进一步证实。在低剂量pHSS的刺激下,不同年龄大鼠肝细胞的[~3H]TdR掺入率无显著差异。但高剂量时,pHSS对幼鼠作用不明显。 相似文献
46.
木瓜蛋白酶PPAⅢ自水解作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
木瓜蛋白酶PPAⅢ自水解作用王秀艳,周慧,葛玉斌,李惟(吉林大学分子生物学系,长春130023)PPAⅢ、papain、pepsine、stembromelain等都属于以Cys-SH为活性中心的酶,同种分子之间存在着一种相互切割的趋势,称为酶自水解... 相似文献
47.
James R. Bunzow Ge Zhang Claudia Bouvier Carmen Saez Oline K. Ronnekleiv Martin J. Kelly David K. Grandy 《Journal of neurochemistry》1995,64(1):14-24
Abstract: We have cloned and expressed a rat brain cDNA, TS11, that encodes a μ-opioid receptor based on pharmacological, physiological, and anatomical criteria. Membranes were prepared from COS-7 cells transiently expressing TS11 bound [3H]diprenorphine with high affinity (KD = 0.23 ± 0.04 nM). The rank order potency of drugs competing with [3H]diprenorphine was as follows: levorphanol (Ki = 0.6 ± 0.2 nM) ≈β-endorphin (Ki = 0.7 ± 0.5 nM) ≈ morphine (Ki = 0.8 ± 0.5 nM) ≈ [d -Ala2, N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO; Ki = 1.6 ± 0.5 nM) ? U50,488 (Ki = 910 ± 0.78 nM) > [d -Pen2,5]-enkephalin (Ki = 3,170 ± 98 nM) > dextrorphan (Ki = 4,100 ± 68 nM). The rank order potencies of these ligands, the stereospecificity of levorphanol, and morphine's subnanomolar Ki are consistent with a μ-opioid binding site. Two additional experiments provided evidence that this opioid-binding site is functionally coupled to G proteins: (a) In COS-7 cells 50 µM 5′-guanylylimidodiphosphate shifted a fraction of receptors with high affinity for DAMGO (IC50 = 3.4 ± 0.5 nM) to a lower-affinity state (IC50 = 89.0 ± 19.0 nM), and (b) exposure of Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing the cloned μ-opioid receptor to DAMGO resulted in a dose-dependent, naloxone-sensitive inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP production. The distribution of mRNA corresponding to the μ-opioid receptor encoded by TS11 was determined by in situ hybridization to brain sections prepared from adult female rats. The highest levels of μ-receptor mRNA were detected in the thalamus, medial habenula, and the caudate putamen; however, significant hybridization was also observed in many other brain regions, including the hypothalamus. 相似文献
48.
泡沙参复合体(桔梗科)的物种生物学研究——Ⅲ.性状的遗传变异及其分类价值 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
阐明性状变异的遗传基础是评估性状分类价值以及揭示类群关系和进化过程的前提。本文根据泡沙参复合体内6个天然居群的材料,利用居群样本分析、子代测定和杂交试验等手段,结合统计学方法对该复合体一些在以往类群划分中起鉴别作用的形态性状进行了遗传学分析。结果表明,叶形、叶缘锯齿数目和大小、茎叶被毛、花萼裂片齿数、花梗长短等性状都是遗传性比较强的性状,而且性状之间有很强的相关性。但是,这些性状在居群内呈现连续变异且变异幅度非常大,以致于变异的两个极端个体被分别作为不同的种处理。通过对野外居群样本的统计分析和对极端变异类型个体所进行的子代测定及其人工杂交,进一步证实上述性状是受多基因决定的数量性状,其变异幅度大,变异式样中并不存在任何程度的间断性,因而至少在本复合体内没有鉴别意义。因此,以往建立在上述性状变异基础上的3个类群(A.biformifolia Y.Z.Zhao;A.bockiana Diels和A.polydentata P.F.Tu et G.I.Xu)均不成立。最后,本文对形态性状变异的遗传基础及其与类群划分的关系进行了讨论。 相似文献
49.
高必需氨基酸转基因马铃薯的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
80年代以来,马铃薯遗传转化系统日趋成熟,转基因工程植株已被广泛应用于基础科学研究[1]。作为食物蛋白和能量主要来源的马铃薯,提高其蛋白质含量及质量的遗传工程研究正受到人们的普遍关注[2]。Yang等[2]将旨在改善氨基酸平衡的CAT-HEAAE(氯酶素乙酰转移酶-高含量人体必需氨基酸)融合基因导入马铃薯,获得了Southernblot、Northernblot、Westernblot的证据,但尚缺少氨基酸分析的资料。玉米醇溶蛋白(zein)[3]是一个富含甲硫氨酸的贮存蛋白,它和人工合成的HE… 相似文献
50.
We are interested in understanding the molecular events associated with the growth-arrest of vascular SMCs. We constructed a subtracted cDNA library enriched in nucleotide sequences associated with quiescent SMCs. This library was screened with similarly subtracted 32P-labeled cDNAs to identify growth-arrest associated cDNA clones. Characterization of 19 of these cDNA clones revealed that 9 hybridized to mRNAs that exhibited a 2–3 fold increase in growth-arrested SMCs. In addition, two other cDNAs hybridized to a 5 Kb mRNA that was elevated approximately 10-fold in high density growth-arrested SMCs. Genomic Southern blot hybridization and DNA sequencing analysis indicated that these cDNAs encoded the same gene (LG7) and that this gene may be a member of a multigene family or that it may contain a sequence shared by other unrelated genes. Augmented expression of LG7 was associated with both high cell density and serum deprivation induced growth-arrest. LG7 mRNA expression was down-regulated when SMCs were incubated with FBS or with reagents that arrest cells in early S-phase. Additional analysis with cell cycle specific inhibitors indicated that LG7 mRNA levels were also low when cells were blocked at the G2 phase of the cell cycle but blockage at mitosis resulted in an elevated level of LG7 mRNA. We further demonstrated that the expression of LG7 was dependent on the presence of a relatively labile protein since protein synthesis inhibitors specifically blocked the expression of this mRNA but not the mRNA expression of α1(III) collagen or ferritin H-chain. Finally, we demonstrated that Bt2cAMP was able to induce mRNA expression of LG7 within 2 h, suggesting that this gene may be directly regulated via the cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase pathway. 相似文献