几种不同鹅膏菌毒素对真核生物RNA聚合酶Ⅱ抑制作用的比较研究

用鹅膏菌属（Amanita）含α-毒伞肽的毒素粗提液培养新鲜绿豆,结果在36小时后,各种不同毒苗的毒素粗提液培养的绿豆生长情况有明显不同,用紫外吸收法测定蛋白质含量,发现毒素粗提液培养的绿豆细胞中蛋白质含量比蒸馏水培养的有明显下降,这表明α-毒伞肽的作用机理的确是通过抑制RNA聚合酶Ⅱ而寻致蛋白质合成减少。     

Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Transition Metals and Their Oxides: A Review

Transition metals and their oxide materials have been widely employed to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces,not onlybecause of their surface topography with controllable microstructures leading to water-repellence,diverse adhesion even tunable wettability,but also due to a variety of special properties like optical performance,magnetism,anti-bacterial,transparency and so on.At the meantime,biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted great interest from fabricating hierarchical micro-/nano-structures inspired by nature to imitate creature's properties and many potential applications,including self-cleaning,antifogging,antireflection,low drag and great stability and durability.In this review,natural surfaces and biomimetic materials with special wettability are introduced by classification according to the similar microstructure of morphology,like array structure,sheet overlapped structure,high density hairs and seta shaped structure.Not only do we exhibit their special performances,but also try to find out the true reasons behind the phenomenon.Then,the recent progress of a series of superhydrophobic transition mental and their oxide materials,including TiO2,ZnO,Fe3O4,CuO,Ag,Au and so on,is presented with a focus on fabricating methods,microstructures,wettability,and other properties.As followed,these superhydro-phobic surfaces can be applied in many fields,such as oil/water separation,self-cleaning,photo-controlled reversible wettability,surface-enhanced Raman scattering,antibacterial,anticorrosion,and synthesis of various applications.However,few of them have been applied in practical life.Hence,we discuss the remaining challenges at present and the development tendency in future at the end of this article.This review aims to present recent development of transition metals and their oxides applied in biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces about fabrication,microstructure,water repellence,various properties,and potential applications.     

Synchrony of spatial populations induced by colored environmental noise and dispersal

Spatial synchrony of oscillating populations has been observed in many ecological systems, and its influences and causes have attracted the interest of ecologists. Spatially correlated environmental noises, dispersal, and trophic interactions have been considered as the causes of spatial synchrony. In this study, we develop a spatially structured population model, which is described by coupled-map lattices and incorporates both dispersal and colored environmental noise. A method for generating time series with desired spatial correlation and color is introduced. Then, we use these generated time series to analyze the influence of noise color on synchrony in population dynamics. The noise color refers to the temporal correlation in the time series data of the noise, and is expressed as the degree of (first-order) autocorrelation for autoregressive noise. Patterns of spatial synchrony are considered for stable, periodic and chaotic population dynamics. Numerical simulations verify that environmental noise color has a major influence on the level of synchrony, which depends strongly on how noise is introduced into the model. Furthermore, the influence of noise color also depends on patterns of dispersal between local populations. In addition, the desynchronizing effect of reddened noise is always weaker than that of white noise. From our results, we notice that the role of reddened environmental noise on spatial synchrony should be treated carefully and cautiously, especially for the spatially structured populations linked by dispersal.     

Interaction of cisplatin and analogues with a Met-rich protein site

The chaperone protein CopC from Pseudomonas syringae features high-affinity binding sites (K _D ~ 10⁻¹³ M) for both Cu^I (Met-rich) and Cu^II (His-rich). When presented with these sites in the apoprotein, electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry confirmed that cis-Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂ (cisplatin) and the fragments [Pt^IIL]²⁺ (L is 1,2-diaminoethane, 2,2′-bipyridine) occupied the Cu^I site specifically in the 1:1 Pt–CopC adducts (purified by cation-exchange chromatography). The cis-Pt(NH₃)₂ fragment was not present in these adducts (the dominant product for cisplatin was Pt–CopC in which all original ligands were displaced), while bidentate ligands L were retained in LPt–CopC adducts. In the context of the Met-rich Cu^I pump Ctr1 as a significant entry point for cisplatin into mammalian cells, the present work confirms the ability of Met-rich sites in proteins to remove all ligands from cisplatin. It focuses attention on the potential of proteins that are part of the natural copper transport pathways to sequester the drug. These pathways are worthy of further study at the molecular level. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

林业入侵植物假苍耳对Cu^2＋的吸附性

选取林业入侵植物假苍耳（Iva xanthifolia）叶片匀浆体（LSI）和茎匀浆体（SSI）作为生物吸附材料,考察了溶液pH值、吸附时间、Cu^2＋浓度对吸附性能的影响,确定了最佳吸附pH值为6．0-7．0,吸附平衡时间为30分钟,处理水体中的Cu^2＋浓度应不超过800mg·L^-1。采用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型进行线性拟合,推算出LSI和SSI的饱和吸附率分别为28．68mg·g^-1和13．06mg·g^-1。通过对吸附Cu^2＋前后的LSI和SSI进行傅立叶红外光谱和X射线衍射分析可知,假苍耳参与Cu。’吸附的主要物质是纤维素类和糖类,并且可能是由它们具有的-OH、-CONH2及-C=O等官能团提供结合位点。研究结果显示假苍耳有可能成为一种具有开发潜力的新型重金属生物吸附材料。     

Slippery Surface with Petal-like Structure for Protecting Al Alloy:Anti-corrosion,Anti-fouling and Anti-icing

The harsh working environment affects the performance and usage life of Al and its alloys,thus limiting their application.In recent years,Slippery Liquid-infuse...     

Glutaredoxin1 protects neuronal cells from copper-induced toxicity

Glutaredoxin1 (GRX1) is a glutathione (GSH)-dependent thiol oxidoreductase. The GRX1/GSH system is important for the protection of proteins from oxidative damage and in the regulation of protein function. Previously we demonstrated that GRX1/GSH regulates the activity of the essential copper-transporting P_1B-Type ATPases (ATP7A, ATP7B) in a copper-responsive manner. It has also been established that GRX1 binds copper with high affinity and regulates the redox chemistry of the metallochaperone ATOX1, which delivers copper to the copper-ATPases. In this study, to further define the role of GRX1 in copper homeostasis, we examined the effects of manipulating GRX1 expression on copper homeostasis and cell survival in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). GRX1 knockout led to cellular copper retention (especially when cultured with elevated copper) and reduced copper tolerance, while in GRX1-overexpressing cells challenged with elevated copper, there was a reduction in both intracellular copper levels and copper-induced reactive oxygen species, coupled with enhanced cell proliferation. These effects are consistent with a role for GRX1 in regulating ATP7A-mediated copper export, and further support a new function for GRX1 in neuronal copper homeostasis and in protection from copper-mediated oxidative injury.     

A comparative study on the heparin‐binding proteomes of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular apicomplexan parasite which exploits host cell surface components in cell invasion and intracellular parasitization. Sulfated glycans such as heparin and heparan sulfate have been reported to inhibit cell invasion by T. gondii and other apicomplexan parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum. The aim of this study was to investigate the heparin‐binding proteome of T. gondii. The parasite‐derived components were affinity‐purified on the heparin moiety followed by MS fingerprinting of the proteins. The heparin‐binding proteins of T. gondii and P. falciparum were compared based on functionality and affinity to heparin. Among the proteins identified, the invasion‐related parasite ligands derived from tachyzoite/merozoite surface and the secretory organelles were prominent. However, the profiles of the proteins were different in terms of affinity to heparin. In T. gondii, the proteins with highest affinity to heparin were the intracellular components with functions of parasite development contrasted to that of P. falciparum, of which the rhoptry‐derived proteins were prominently identified. The profiling of the heparin‐binding proteins of the two apicomplexan parasites not only explained the mechanism of heparin‐mediated host cell invasion inhibition, but also, to a certain extent, revealed that the action of heparin on the parasite extended after endocytosis.     

Interfacial Effects of Superhydrophobic Plant Surfaces： A Review

Nature is a huge gallery of art involving nearly perfect structures and properties over the millions of years of development. Many plants and animals show water-repellent properties with fine micro-structures, such as lotus leaf, water skipper and wings of butterfly. Inspired by these special surfaces, the artificial superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted wide attention in both basic research and industrial applications. The wetting properties of superhydrophobic surfaces in nature are affected by the chemical compositions and the surface topographies. So it is possible to realize the biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces by tuning their surface roughness and surface free energy correspondingly. This review briefly introduces the physical-chemical basis of superhydrophobic plant surfaces in nature to explain how the superhydrophobicity of plant surfaces can be applied to different biomimetic functional materials with relevance to technological applications. Then, three classical effects of natural surfaces are classified： lotus effect, salvinia effect, and petal effect, and the promising strategies to fabricate biomimetic su- perhydrophobic materials are highlighted. Finally, the prospects and challenges of this area in the future are proposed.