全文获取类型
收费全文 | 925篇 |
免费 | 73篇 |
国内免费 | 38篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 42篇 |
2020年 | 27篇 |
2019年 | 35篇 |
2018年 | 28篇 |
2017年 | 25篇 |
2016年 | 39篇 |
2015年 | 64篇 |
2014年 | 58篇 |
2013年 | 67篇 |
2012年 | 66篇 |
2011年 | 70篇 |
2010年 | 24篇 |
2009年 | 34篇 |
2008年 | 41篇 |
2007年 | 29篇 |
2006年 | 43篇 |
2005年 | 28篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 29篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 27篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 21篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 19篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1036条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
951.
Nolwenn Jouvenet Stuart J. D. Neil Maria Zhadina Trinity Zang Zerina Kratovac Youngnam Lee Matthew McNatt Theodora Hatziioannou Paul D. Bieniasz 《Journal of virology》2009,83(4):1837-1844
The expression of many putative antiviral genes is upregulated when cells encounter type I interferon (IFN), but the actual mechanisms by which many IFN-induced gene products inhibit virus replication are poorly understood. A recently identified IFN-induced antiretroviral protein, termed tetherin (previously known as BST-2 or CD317), blocks the release of nascent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles from infected cells, and an HIV-1 accessory protein, Vpu, acts as a viral antagonist of tetherin. Here, we show that tetherin is capable of blocking not only the release of HIV-1 particles but also the release of particles assembled using the major structural proteins of a variety of prototype retroviruses, including members of the alpharetrovirus, betaretrovirus, deltaretrovirus, lentivirus, and spumaretrovirus families. Moreover, we show that the release of particles assembled using filovirus matrix proteins from Marburg virus and Ebola virus is also sensitive to inhibition by tetherin. These findings indicate that tetherin is a broadly specific inhibitor of enveloped particle release, and therefore, inhibition is unlikely to require specific interactions with viral proteins. Nonetheless, tetherin colocalized with nascent virus-like particles generated by several retroviral and filoviral structural proteins, indicating that it is present at, or recruited to, sites of particle assembly. Overall, tetherin is potentially active against many enveloped viruses and likely to be an important component of the antiviral innate immune defense. 相似文献
952.
With regard to rheumatoid arthritis, remission as currently used in the literature can have two meanings: either a state with
persistent absence of clinical and radiological signs of disease activity without being treated for a specific time period,
or it may point to a disease state with minimal disease activity during antirheumatic treatment. A risk factor for the first
is absence of autoantibodies, with the anti-CCP-antibodies as best predictors, whereas risk factors for achieving a drug-induced
state of minimal disease activity are not well defined. These definitions of remission refer to different disease states;
therefore, we propose that the term remission is reserved for patients that are not treated with antirheumatic drugs. 相似文献
953.
Xiao-Hong Yu Jian-Ping Tao Yuan Li Yong-Jian Wang Yi Xi Wei-Yin Zhang Run-Guo Zang 《植物学报(英文版)》2006,48(10):1147-1153
Forest structure and succession in Wolong Nature Reserve is influenced by the understory dwarf bamboo population. However, less is known about how the forest succession affects the dwarf bamboo population. To examine the bamboo ramet population growth of Fargesla nitida (Mltford) Keng f. et Yi and to determine how ramet population structure varies along the succession of coniferous forest, we sampled ramet populations of F. nitida from the following three successional stages: (i) a deciduous broad-leaved (BL) stand; (ii) a mixed broad-leaved coniferous (MI) stand; and (ill) a coniferous (CF) stand. We investigated the population structure, biomass allocation, and morphological characteristics of the bamboo ramet among the three stand types. Clonal ramets, constituting the bamboo population, tended to become short and small with succession. The ramet changed towards having a greater mass investment in leaves, branches and underground roots and rhizomes rather than in the culm. With respect to leaf traits, individual leaf mass and area in the BL stand were markedly bigger than those In both the MI and CF stands, except for no significant difference in specific leaf area. The age distribution showed that the bamboo population approached an older age with succession. The results demonstrate that the ramet population structure of F. nitida is unstable and its growth performance is inhibited by succession. 相似文献
954.
An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of soybean agglutinin dosage level on growth, body composition, plasma lipids, glucose, urea nitrogen content and aminotransferase activities in rats. Male and female rats (n=60) weaned at 19 d were given a dose of 0, 3.5, 7.0, 10.5, or 14.0 mg soybean agglutinin by gastric infusion once daily for 10 days. With increasing doses of soybean agglutinin, body weight, lipid content of carcass, spleen and kidneys relative dry weights decreased, while small intestine and pancreatic weight, the contents of urea nitrogen and triglyceride, and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase linearly increased in plasma. Though soybean agglutinin decreased plasma insulin content, changes in plasma glucose content due to soybean agglutinin were not detected. It is suggested that dietary soybean agglutinin may affect the secretion of other hormones besides insulin, which modulate blood glucose reserves. In conclusion, consumption of soybean agglutinin resulted in a depletion of lipid and an overgrowth of small intestine and pancreas in rats. Meanwhile, poor growth of spleen and kidneys was observed in the soybean agglutinin-fed rats. 相似文献
955.
956.
Xueying Ren Zhenghong Sui Yuxiang Mao Xiaonan Zang Di Xu Xuecheng Zhang 《Journal of applied phycology》2009,21(3):273-278
Two types of ubiquitin genes were isolated from the marine red alga Gracilaria lemaneiformis: a ubiquitin-52 amino acid fusion protein gene, and a 6-unit polyubiquitin gene. Alignment of polyubiquitins among three
red algae (Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Gracilaria verrucosa, Aglaothamnion neglectum) and other species revealed that there were six ubiquitin repeats in all three red algae polyubiquitins, and that glutamine
was the final amino acid residue in the terminal repeat of the polyprotein in the two Gracilaria sequences. Southern blot analysis revealed that both genes were encoded by low-copy number genes. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR
was performed to investigate the expression of these two genes in two phases of G. lemaneiformis. The result revealed that the monoubiquitin was phase-relative, and upregulated in tetrasporophytes compared with female
gametophytes. The polyubiquitin gene was expressed at similar levels in both phases. 相似文献
957.
Qi Ye Hou Cao Guanglou Zang Lan Mi Ming Yan Yan Wang Yueyuan Zhang Ximu Li Jian Li Lin Xu Jian Xiong Pingkai Ouyang Hanjie Ying 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2010,88(6):1277-1285
A cofactor regeneration system for enzymatic biosynthesis was constructed by coexpressing a carbonyl reductase from Pichia stipitis and a glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) PlySs. Transformants containing the polycistronic plasmid pET-PII-SD2-AS1-B exhibited an activity of 13.5 U/mg protein with 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate ethyl ester (COBE) as the substrate and an activity of 14.4 U/mg protein with glucose as the substrate; NAD(H) was the coenzyme in both cases. Asymmetric reduction of COBE to (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate ethyl ester [(S)-CHBE] with more than 99% enantiomeric excess was demonstrated by transformants. Furthermore, the paper made a comparison of crude enzyme catalysis and whole-cell catalysis in an aqueous monophasic system and a water/organic solvent biphasic system. In the water/n-butyl acetate system, the coexpression system produced 1,398 mM CHBE in the organic phase, which is the highest yield ever reported for CHBE production by NADH-dependent reductases from yeasts. In this case, the molar yield of CHBE was 90.7%, and the total turnover number, defined as moles (S)-CHBE formed per mole NAD+, was 13,980. 相似文献
958.
Wang Y Wang S Wier WG Zhang Q Jiang H Li Q Chen S Tian Z Li Y Yu X Zhao M Liu J Yang J Zhang J Zang W 《American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology》2010,299(6):H2097-H2106
Myocardial infarction (MI) has been shown to induce endothelial dysfunction in peripheral resistance arteries and thus increase peripheral resistance. This study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of post-MI-related dysfunctional dilatation of peripheral resistance arteries and, furthermore, to examine whether exercise may restore dysfunctional dilatation of peripheral resistance arteries. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated, MI, and MI + exercise. Ultrastructure and relaxation function of the mesenteric arteries, as well as phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), Akt kinases (Akt), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and eNOS by ACh were determined. Post-MI rats exhibited pronounced ultrastructural changes in mesenteric artery endothelial cells and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, the activities of PI3K, Akt, and eNOS, and their phosphorylation by ACh were significantly attenuated in mesenteric arteries (P < 0.05-0.01). After 8 wk of exercise, not only did endothelial cells appeared more normal in structure, but also ameliorated post-MI-associated mesenteric arterial dysfunction, which were accompanied by elevated activities of PI3K, Akt, and eNOS, and their phosphorylation by ACh (P < 0.05-0.01). Importantly, inhibition of either PI3K or eNOS attenuated exercise-induced restoration of the dilatation function and blocked PI3K, Akt, and eNOS phosphorylation by ACh in the mesenteric arteries. These data demonstrate that MI induces dysfunctional dilation of peripheral resistance arteries by degradation of endothelial structural integrity and attenuating PI3K-Akt-eNOS signaling. Exercise may restore dilatation function of peripheral resistance arteries by protecting endothelial structural integrity and increasing PI3K-Akt-eNOS signaling cascades. 相似文献
959.
目的和方法:采用双微电极电压钳(TEV)法研究细胞外Mn^2+对非洲爪蟾卵母细胞表达的内向整流钾通道(IRK1)的阻断作用。结果:细胞外Mn^2+浓度分别为1、1.25、2.5、5、10和20mmol/L,K^+浓度为90mmol/L,可见Mn^2+对IRK1的瞬间电流(旋加电压后2ms)具有Mn^2+浓度依赖性和电压依赖性阻断作用;细胞外加Mn^2+浓度较高时强;细胞外K^+浓度为90mmol/ 相似文献
960.
银杏外种皮中银杏酸的分离方法 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文简单介绍了一种从银杏外种皮中分离银杏酸的方法,使用了皂化和酯化反应为后的两次柱层析分离提供便利条件。 相似文献