豫西黄土高原农作区鼠类群落动态：时空尺度格局的初步分析

本文分析了豫西农业生态系统中鼠类群落局部空间尺度的短期动态格局。在区域尺度上,该群落为棕色田鼠＋大仓鼠型,群落多样性与丰富度和均匀度都有显著的正相关,丰富度的作用大于均匀度的作用。由于资源分布的斑块性,群落优势种和次优势种对环境变异的季节性反应不同,故群落的时空格局具有明显的变化。在农田中,群落在秋季分化为棕色田鼠＋大仓鼠亚群落型和大仓鼠＋棕色田鼠型,后者的生境斑块为单一的玉米田和油葵田;在作物轮作的格局下,群落多样性与丰富度和均匀度都有显著的正相关。在果园中,无论果树树龄和季节的变化,棕色田鼠的多度总是大于大仓鼠,即群落格局是不变的,而群落多样性与丰富度和多度之间均无显著的相关性。然而,灌溉可使大仓鼠与棕色田鼠的数量关系发生逆转,因此灌溉不仅影响果园中鼠类群落格局的分化,而且也将影响到农田中的这种分化。在一年弃耕地中,群落格局从夏季开始由棕色田鼠＋大仓鼠亚群落型转化为大仓鼠＋棕色田鼠亚群落型;在第３年末演替结束时,多年生植物取代一年生植物成为优势种,大仓鼠＋棕色田鼠群落格局则趋于稳定。在此过程中,群落多样性和丰富度与均匀度均无显著的相关性。本研究结果还表明,异质性可导致农作区鼠类群落的多样性     

藻胆蛋白复合物的合成及其分子内能量传递

通过偶联剂3-(2-吡啶联巯基)丙酸N-羟基琥珀亚胺酯(SPDP)及改变配料比, 合成了两个R-藻红蛋白(R-PE)与C-藻蓝蛋白(C-PC)的复合物A和B.利用吸收光谱确定了分子内R-PE与C-PC的摩尔比为6∶1和2∶1. 通过荧光光谱, 观察到能量传递现象, 并计算出能量传递效率为63%和88%.证明分子内能量传递效率很高. 二硫苏糖醇(DTT)还原连接R-PE与C-PC的二硫桥键后, 能量传递被阻断. 这一现象进一步证明复合物中存在分子内能量传递.     

Adeno-associated virus type 2-mediated transfer of ecotropic retrovirus receptor cDNA allows ecotropic retroviral transduction of established and primary human cells.

The cellular receptors that mediate binding and internalization of retroviruses have recently been identified. The concentration and accessibility of these receptors are critical determinants in accomplishing successful gene transfer with retrovirus-based vectors. Murine retroviruses containing ecotropic glycoproteins do not infect human cells since human cells do not express the receptor that binds the ecotropic glycoproteins. To enable human cells to become permissive for ecotropic retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, we have developed a recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) vector containing ecotropic retroviral receptor (ecoR) cDNA under the control of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter (vRSVp-ecoR). Established human cell lines, such as HeLa and KB, known to be nonpermissive for murine ecotropic retroviruses, became permissive for infection by a retroviral vector containing a bacterial gene for resistance to neomycin (RV-Neo(r)), with a transduction efficiency of up to 47%, following transduction with vRSVp-ecoR, as determined by the development of colonies that were resistant to the drug G418, a neomycin analog. No G418-resistant colonies were present in cultures infected with either vRSVp-ecoR or RV-Neo(r) alone. Southern and Northern blot analyses revealed stable integration and long-term expression, respectively, of the transduced murine ecoR gene in clonal isolates of HeLa and KB cells. Similarly, ecotropic retrovirus-mediated Neo(r) transduction of primary human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells from normal bone marrow was also documented, but only following infection with vRSVp-ecoR. The retroviral transduction efficiency was approximately 7% without prestimulation and approximately 14% with prestimulation of CD34+ cells with cytokines, as determined by hematopoietic clonogenic assays. No G418-resistant progenitor cell colonies were present in cultures infected with either vRSVp-ecoR or RV-Neo(r) alone. These results suggest that sequential transduction of primary human cells with two different viral vectors may overcome limitations encountered with a single vector. Thus, the combined use of AAV- and retrovirus-based vectors may have important clinical implications for ex vivo and in vivo human gene therapy.     

Studying dynamic process of photosensitization by ESR method

By kinetic methods, functional relation of TAN radical, produced in the process of TEMPONE trapping O2, vs. time during photosensitization was established. Accordingly relative rate constants of generating all kinds of active intermediates through types I and II mechanism of photosensitization can be calculated. Using the formula and experimental results, the relative rate constants of generating O2, O2 and PS2 of three kinds of perylenequinone photosensitizer: HA, HB and CP in DMF-H20 and DMSO-H2O system were calculated, and then the structure-activity relationship of perylenequinone photosensitizer and the relation between photosensitivity and solvent was studied.     

Augmented sympathetic tone alters muscle metabolism with exercise: lack of evidence for functional sympatholysis

Shoemaker, J. Kevin, Prasant Pandey, Michael D. Herr, DavidH. Silber, Qing X. Yang, Michael B. Smith, Kristen Gray, and LawrenceI. Sinoway. Augmented sympathetic tone alters muscle metabolismwith exercise: lack of evidence for functional sympatholysis. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(6):1932-1938, 1997.It is unclear whether sympathetic tone opposesdilator influences in exercising skeletal muscle. We examined highlevels of sympathetic tone, evoked by lower body negative pressure(LBNP, 60 mmHg) on intramuscular pH and phosphocreatine (PCr)levels (³¹P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) duringgraded rhythmic handgrip (30 contractions/min; ~17, 34, 52 and 69%maximal voluntary contraction). Exercise was performedwith LBNP and without LBNP (Control). At the end of exercise, LBNPcaused lower levels of muscle pH (6.59 ± 0.09) comparedwith Control (6.78 ± 0.05; P < 0.05). PCr recovery, an index of mitochondrial respiration, was lessduring the recovery phase of the LBNP trial. Exercise mean arterialpressure was not altered by LBNP. The protocols were repeated withmeasurements of forearm blood flow velocity and deep venous samples(active forearm) of hemoglobin (Hb) saturation, pH, and lactate. WithLBNP, mean blood velocity was reduced at rest, during exercise, andduring recovery compared with Control (P < 0.05). Also, venous Hbsaturation and pH levels during exercise and recovery were lower withLBNP and lactate was higher compared with Control(P < 0.05). We concludethat LBNP enhanced sympathetic tone and reduced oxygen transport. Athigh workloads, there was a greater reliance on nonoxidativemetabolism. In other words, sympatholysis did not occur.

     

中华大蟾蜍输卵管促受精因子的实验分析

在孕酮作用厂,切除卵巢的中华大蟾蜍输卵管上皮细胞不仅能够使外源移植的卵母细胞在输卵管中正常运行,还保证卵母细胞正常受精。根据输卵管卷曲部分泌物的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析,存在依赖孕酮的３３ｋＤ蛋白质。经兔抗３３ｋＤ蛋白抗体处理具输卵管分泌物的卵母细胞,受精率受到显著抑制·提示该蛋白有促受精活性。输卵管分泌物介入受精涉及复杂的多种因子。     

阳离子诱导大叶藻叶绿体膜中激发能在PSⅡ和PSⅠ之间分配变化的机理(英文)

用Ｃａ２＋ 和胰酶处理大叶藻（Ｚｏｓｔｅｒａ ｍ ａｒｉｎａ）叶绿体膜研究了其类囊体膜多肽成分与Ｍｇ２＋ 诱导其Ｃｈｌａ荧光和类囊体膜表面电荷变化之间的相互关系,观察到：１．在正常的叶绿体膜中,Ｍｇ２＋ 诱导ＰＳⅡ荧光强度的增高与其诱导类囊体膜表面电荷密度的降低密切相关;２．用Ｃａ２＋ 处理这种叶绿体膜,除去类囊体膜表面的３２～３４ ｋＤ多肽对Ｍｇ２＋ 诱导的上述现象无影响;３．如果用胰酶消化Ｃａ２＋ 处理过的叶绿体膜,进一步除去膜表面的２６ ｋＤ多肽,Ｍｇ２＋诱导的这些现象则全部消失。这些实验结果清楚地表明,在大叶藻的叶绿体膜中,类囊体膜表面的２６ ｋＤ 多肽是阳离子诱导这两种相关现象的特异性作用部位。对阳离子调节激发能在ＰＳⅡ和ＰＳⅠ之间分配的机理进行了讨论     

Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions

Silver staining techniques developed to demonstrate argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs) have been widely applied in a variety of cell kinetic studies, using the mean number of AgNORs in tumour cells as a marker for malignancy of certain types of neoplasms. However, the AgNOR techniques currently available are not entirely satisfactory, as unspecific silver precipitates readily form in the sections. On the other hand, the contrast staining, may be so weak as to render identification of the AgNORs difficult. In the present study, some of the key factors influencing the outcome of AgNOR staining were evaluated in a more systematic way. A modified AgNOR staining procedure is now proposed, giving highly contrasting AgNORs with minimal unspecific silver precipitation, thus facilitating both manual and computerized counting. The new technique involves the use of microwave irradiation in order to shorten the processing time, the use of gelatin as a protective colloid, and a Farmer's solution to optimize the specificity of the technique.     

四川省鱼类寄生粘孢子虫两新种（粘孢子纲：双壳目）

本四川省鱼类寄生粘孢子虫两新种：寄生墨头鱼的宜宾两极虫,新种Ｍｙｘｉｄｉｕｍ ｙｉｂｉｎｅｎｓｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和寄生鳙Ａｒｉｓｔｉｃｈｔｈｙｓ ｎｋｂｉｌｉｓ的鳙单尾虫,新种Ｕｎｉｃａｕｄａ ａｒｉｓｔｉｃｈｔｈｙｄｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。     

中国管蛛属一新种：蜘蛛目：圆颚蛛科

本文记述采自江西省修水县的管蛛属蜘蛛一新种：中华管蛛Ｔｒａｃｈｅｌａｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。该种与日本管蛛Ｔ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａＢｏｅｓ．ｅｔＳｔｒ．,１９０６在体型,体色及腹部背面的斑纹上非常相似,但该种的身体明显大于后者,两者外生殖器存在明显的差异。