Liver mitochondrial respiratory functions decline with age

Human liver mitochondrial respiration rates in Chinese populations of various ages were assayed with an oxygraph. In this study, State 3 and State 4 respiration rates, respiratory control ratio (RCR), and ADP/O ratio were measured for 35 Chinese subjects of 31 to 76 years old. We found a significant negative correlation between age and respiratory control and ADP/O ratios tested. Moreover, the respiratory control and ADP/O ratios decreased with the increase of age. These findings suggest that a substantial fall in mitochondrial oxidative capacity in ageing liver may be an important contributor to the ageing process.     

Two LINE 1 repeats in rat

One LINE 1 repeat has been located 661 bp downstream from the last albumin exon and another approx. 10 kbp downstream from the last alpha-fetoprotein exon in the rat genomic DNA. The LINE 1 repeat following the albumin gene is truncated at its 5' end and is 1204 nucleotides long. The 5' end of the longer repeat downstream from the alpha-fetoprotein gene has not been determined. The two repeats have 95% homology with each other, with the exception of a short diverse 3' end sequence just preceding the putative polyadenylation signal.     

Studies of blocking mechanisms of carbachol-induced polyphosphoinositide turnover in rat cortical synaptosomes by neuroactive drugs

1. The incorporation of 32Pi into 4 phospholipids of rat cortical synaptosomes was altered in the presence of carbachol (1 mM), viz. a decrease of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidyl-4-phosphate by 34 and 21%, and an increase of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid by 52 and 96% of basal controls respectively. 2. The IC30 values calculated from the dose-response curves for drugs affecting carbachol-induced 32Pi incorporation into these phospholipids, and [3H]QNB binding to the cortical synaptosomes were similar for the typical antimuscarinic agents (i.e. atropine, pirenzepine and trihexyphenidyl), and tricyclic antidepressants (i.e. amitriptyline, doxepin and imipramine) studied. 3. The IC30 values obtained for drugs affecting carbachol-induced 32Pi incorporation into these phospholipids, and high potassium-induced 45Ca2+-uptake by this preparation were similar for neuroselective calcium channel blockers (i.e. cinnarizine and flunarizine) studied. 4. Our results suggest that the neuroactive drugs studied can either act at, or beyond the receptor level, perhaps on the availability of calcium ion, to block carbachol-induced polyphosphoinositide turnover in rat cortical synaptosomes.     

视前区微量注射吗啡对大鼠丘脑束旁核痛反应神经元电活动的影响

本实验观察了视前区(POA)内微量注入阿片样物质对丘脑束旁核(Pf)痛反应神经元电活动影响。结果如下:(1)POA 内微量注射高浓度吗啡(10μg/μl)能显著抑制 Pf 内大部分(20/26)痛兴奋神经元(PEN)的痛诱发放电,其中3个神经元注药后对伤害性刺激转变成抑制反应;POA 内微量注射低浓度吗啡(1μg/μl)也显著抑制 Pf 内大部分(19/23)PEN 的痛诱发放电。(2) POA 内微量注射两种浓度的吗啡,均使大多数痛抑制神经元(PIN,共27/33)的完全抑制时程缩短。上述结果提示,POA 内阿片样物质对 Pf 内痛反应神经元的电活动可能具有抑制作用。     

兔腹部迷走神经、内脏大神经活动在孤束核中的相互作用

本实验在67只家兔身上分别观察了电解损毁孤束核(NTS)前后刺激腹迷走神经和内脏大神经中枢端对血压的影响,以及刺激这两种神经中枢端对 NTS 神经元放电活动的影响。结果表明:来自腹迷走神经和内脏大神经的感觉冲动不仅都可以投射至 NTS,而且这两种传入冲动在 NTS 还存在着会聚现象。一种传入神经的阈下刺激(背景刺激)可以削弱另一传入神经的血压效应,一种传入神经的(背景刺激)可以抑制另一种神经元引起的 NTS 神经元电活动。本文对这两种传入冲动之间存在的相互作用关系的可能机制及意义进行了讨论。     

辣椒素引起脊髓P物质释放及其对血压的影响

为进一步研究脊髓 P 物质(SP)在调节心血管活动中的作用,在大鼠脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射(ith)辣淑素(cap),以刺激脊髓 SP 能神经末梢释放 SP,结果引起血浆去甲肾上腺素(NA)和肾上腺素(AD)含量增高,及具有剂量依赖性的动脉血压上升,心率升高。ith 具有高度特异性的 SP 受体拮抗剂或 SP 抗血清均可阻断 cap 引起的升压效应,免疫组化测定也观察到注入的cap 剂量越大,脊髓胸段 SP 样免疫阳性反应物的致密度越低,这些观察结果支持 cap 可以引起脊髓内 SP 的释放的说法。在第一颈段(C_1)横断脊髓后 ith cap 所引起的升压效应与完整动物 ith cap 的升压效应无显著差异。以上结果提示脊髓 SP 能神经末梢释放的 SP 可以通过交感肾上腺髓质系统引起心血管兴奋效应,SP 可能是引起交感节前神经元兴奋的神经递质。     

消炎痛对大鼠肝线粒体微粒体^45Ca摄取及膜流动性的影响

我们曾报道消炎痛预处理在大鼠能引起明显的肝保护作用,为了进一步探讨消炎痛肝保护作用的机制,本工作观察了它对大鼠肝线粒体、微粒体钙调节作用及膜流动性的影响。结果表明,经消炎痛整体预处理的大鼠肝线粒体和微粒体的钙摄取及膜流动性均明显增加,但是,将消炎痛直接加入由正常大鼠分离的线粒体或微粒体中,则反而使膜的流动性降低。这些变化可能与消炎痛的肝保护作用有关。     

在原代培养的大鼠肝细胞观察消炎痛的细胞保护作用

我们曾观察到消炎痛预处理能明显减轻四氯化碳和半乳糖胺对大鼠的肝损伤作用,本工作采用原代培养的大鼠肝细胞进一步观察了这一现象。结果表明,经消炎痛整体处理后分离的大鼠肝细胞,在原代培养的条件下,对四氯化碳的损伤仍然具有明显的抵抗作用,表现为细胞内酶的漏出少于对照组。正常大鼠离体肝细胞在原代培养条件下用消炎痛处理,在相当大的剂量和相当长的时间范围内未出现明显的抗损伤作用。结果提示:消炎痛整体处理可使肝细胞本身获得抗损伤的能力,而这种抗损伤能力的产生可能有赖于肝细胞外其它因素的参与。     

清醒狗短暂缺血心肌复灌注时舒缩功能的变化

在狗的心脏上装入微超声探头和高精度微压力传感器,手术后两星期,在清醒状态下给予左冠状动脉旋支阻断三分钟。在复灌注过程中,观察到血液动力学指标与收缩期心室壁厚度(WT)迅速恢复正常;但在 dWT/dt—WT 环形图上出现舒张早期异常相,其形状与缺血过程不同。低氧和急遽冠状动脉过度充盈可以产生此种异常图形。我们推测,心肌缺血可能促使一些产物的形成,复灌注时它使冠脉过度舒张,冠脉灌注增加,从而造成舒张早期急遽充盈而形成了此种异常的形图。     

去甲肾上腺素、乙酰胆碱对绵羊心肌浦肯野纤维瞬时性内向离子流的影响

用电压箝制术观察了去甲肾上腺素、乙酰胆碱对绵羊浦肯野纤维由乙酰毒毛旋花子甙元诱发的瞬时性内向离子流(I_Ti)的效应。当乙酰毒毛旋花子甙元浓度为4.5×10~(-8)mol/L 时,诱发出的I_(T1)稳定并能维持约1.5h。去甲肾上腺素1.5×10~(-6)mol/L,可使I_(Ti)的峰值由11.4±2.5nA 增加到14.5±4.1nA(n=11,P相似文献