Active interfacial dynamic transport of fluid in a network of fibrous connective tissues throughout the whole body

Fluid in interstitial spaces accounts for ~20% of an adult body weight and flows diffusively for a short range. Does it circulate around the body like vascular circulations? This bold conjecture has been debated for decades. As a conventional physiological concept, interstitial space is a micron‐sized space between cells and vasculature. Fluid in interstitial spaces is thought to be entrapped within interstitial matrix. However, our serial data have further defined a second space in interstitium that is a nanosized interfacial transport zone on a solid surface. Within this fine space, fluid along a solid fibre can be transported under a driving power and identically, interstitial fluid transport can be visualized by tracking the oriented fibres. Since 2006, our data from volunteers and cadavers have revealed a long‐distance extravascular pathway for interstitial fluid flow, comprising at least four types of anatomic distributions. The framework of each extravascular pathway contains the longitudinally assembled and oriented fibres, working as a fibrorail for fluid flow. Interestingly, our data showed that the movement of fluid in a fibrous pathway is in response to a dynamic driving source and named as dynamotaxis. By analysis of previous studies and our experimental results, a hypothesis of interstitial fluid circulatory system is proposed.     

水分驱动下茵陈蒿(Artemisia capillaris Thunb.)地上生物量模型与异速生长特征

构建生物量预估模型,探究生物量在各器官中的分配策略和异速生长关系及其对环境因子的响应,对理解植物群落结构、功能、碳储存和分配机制具有重要意义。本研究以内蒙古荒漠草原常见种茵陈蒿(Artemisia capillaris Thunb.)为对象,在不同水分处理下,利用易测指标,如株高、基径、分枝数、冠幅和生物量等参数建立生物量模型,采用标准化主轴分析法分析其异速生长关系。结果表明:在不同水分处理下,茵陈蒿的最佳生物量预估模型的变量选择不同;不同水分处理下茵陈蒿各器官间、各器官与地上生物量间的异速生长关系不同,但相对于自然降水量,增水和减水50%下均为等速生长,这说明在不同水分条件下茵陈蒿对各器官间的资源配置存在权衡策略,符合最优分配假说;而在极端气候条件下,各器官对资源的竞争会变弱;在荒漠草原中,对草本植物进行生物量模拟,选择预测变量和方程模型时,应考虑生长季降水量。本研究可为荒漠草原草本植物生物量预估模型的建立和异速生长关系对环境因子适应的理解等提供方法支持及理论依据。     

miRNA-95靶向FOXD1基因对结直肠癌LoVo细胞放射敏感性的影响及其机制*

目的: 探讨miRNA-95靶向FOXD1基因对结直肠癌loVo细胞放射敏感性的影响及其机制。方法: 结直肠癌LoVo细胞购自武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司,将LoVo细胞分为三组接种于6孔板中,每组3个复孔,实验重复3次,C组(对照组正常LoVo细胞),M组(miRNA-95-mimics转染LoVo细胞),I组(miRNA-95-inhibitions转染LoVo细胞),利用直线加速器6 MV/8 Gy的X射线垂直照射细胞,剂量率3 Gy/min,持续照射12 h后收集细胞。采用RT-PCR法检测LoVo细胞中FOXD1的表达情况,流式细胞术检测LoVo细胞凋亡情况,Western blot检测细胞中FOXD1蛋白的水平,细胞克隆测定细胞存活率,裸鼠成瘤实验取转染未经X射线照射的C组、M组、I组LoVo细胞细胞悬液,各取0.2 ml分别接种于C组、M组、I组BALB/C-nu雄性裸鼠左下肢足部皮上1次,每组10只,注射2周后,各组选取5只裸鼠进行X射线照射,每天4 Gy 照射一次,连续照射15 d,其余小鼠不照射,处死裸鼠并取出肿瘤进行称重。结果: 与C组比对,M组FOXD1水平明显升高,I组FOXD1水平明显低于M组、C组(P＜0.05);在同样8 Gy 照射后,与I组比对,C组和M组loVo细胞凋亡率显著下降(P＜0.05);在8 Gy照射后,与I组比对,M组和C组loVo细胞单克隆存活率有上升趋势(P＜0.05)。无照射条件下,与M组相比,C组和I组肿瘤体积减少(P均＜0.05),与C组比较,I组肿瘤体积减少(P＜0.05)。X射线照射15 d后,与无照射组各组裸鼠相比肿瘤体积显著减小(P均＜0.05),与M组相比,C组和I组肿瘤体积减少(P＜0.05)。结论: miRNA-95低表达可提高LoVo细胞的放射敏感性,促进细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能抑制FOXD1蛋白的活性有关。     

At3g53630 encodes a GUN1-interacting protein under norflurazon treatment

Chloroplasts are semi-autonomous organelles, with more than 95% of their proteins encoded by the nuclear genome. The chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signals are critical for the nucleus to coordinate its gene expression for optimizing or repairing chloroplast functions in response to changing environments. In chloroplasts, the pentatricopeptide-repeat protein GENOMES UNCOUPLED 1 (GUN1) is a master switch that senses aberrant physiological states, such as the photooxidative stress induced by norflurazon (NF) treatment, and represses the expression of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs). However, it is largely unknown how the retrograde signal is transmitted beyond GUN1. In this study, a protein GUN1-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1 (GIP1), encoded by At3g53630, was identified to interact with GUN1 by different approaches. We demonstrated that GIP1 has both cytosol and chloroplast localizations, and its abundance in chloroplasts is enhanced by NF treatment with the presence of GUN1. Our results suggest that GIP1 and GUN1 may function antagonistically in the retrograde signaling pathway.

     

肺部微生物组通过炎症反应介导慢性阻塞性肺疾病转化为肺癌的研究进展

肺部微生物组存在于呼吸道和实质组织中,通过菌群紊乱、代谢产物、炎症反应、免疫反应、基因毒性等方面介导肺部损伤。随着肺部微生物组的深入研究,发现肺部微生物组的相关活动与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)和肺癌息息相关,能够促使COPD向肺癌的转变。本文主要介绍了肺部微生物组稳态及其通过炎症反应导致COPD和肺癌,重点探讨了肺部微生物组如何通过炎症反应介导COPD转化为肺癌,以期为COPD和肺癌的临床预防、优化治疗以及新型药物设计提供新的理论依据。     

Cell-type action specificity of auxin on Arabidopsis root growth

The plant hormone auxin plays a critical role in root growth and development; however, the contributions or specific roles of cell-type auxin signals in root growth and development are not well understood. Here, we mapped tissue and cell types that are important for auxin-mediated root growth and development by manipulating the local response and synthesis of auxin. Repressing auxin signaling in the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle or stele strongly inhibited root growth, with the largest effect observed in the endodermis. Enhancing auxin signaling in the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle or stele also caused reduced root growth, albeit to a lesser extent. Moreover, we established that root growth was inhibited by enhancement of auxin synthesis in specific cell types of the epidermis, cortex and endodermis, whereas increased auxin synthesis in the pericycle and stele had only minor effects on root growth. Our study thus establishes an association between cellular identity and cell type-specific auxin signaling that guides root growth and development.     

不同微生物大鼠腹腔注射模型尿液蛋白组学的比较

不同的微生物都可以引起腹腔感染,文中尝试利用尿液来区分不同的微生物感染。通过在大鼠腹腔内分别注射大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌建立3种模型,收集感染后0、12、36、72 h的尿液,并使用液相色谱串联质谱技术 (LC-MS/MS) 对尿蛋白进行分析。与感染前相比,在大肠杆菌腹腔注射模型中共鉴定到69个差异蛋白,在金黄色葡萄球菌腹腔注射模型中共鉴定到31个差异蛋白,在白色念球菌腹腔注射模型中共鉴定到38个差异蛋白。结果表明,腹腔注射不同的微生物时尿蛋白质组不同,提示尿液可能对不同的腹腔感染有鉴别诊断的潜能。     

耐高盐枯草芽孢杆菌XP合成球形纳米硒及其抑制草莓病原真菌生物活性

生物方法合成纳米材料具有低能耗、高安全性以及环境友好等优良特点,因而备受人们关注。利用细菌将硒酸盐或亚硒酸盐还原为单质硒,不仅可以降低硒毒性,而且还能获得价值更高的生物纳米材料。文中选用可耐受高盐环境胁迫的枯草芽孢杆菌亚种Bacillus subtilis subspecies stercoris strain XP构建生物模型,分别以LB液体培养基和亚硒酸钠为介质和底物 (电子受体),解析菌株XP合成纳米硒的基本规律。通过扫描电镜 (Scanning electron microscope,SEM) 观察、X射线能谱分析 (X-ray energy dispersive spectral analysis,EDAX)、X射线衍射 (X-ray diffraction,XRD) 分析、傅里叶红外变换光谱 (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR) 技术对合成的纳米硒进行物理化学表征分析,同时选用草莓枯萎、红叶、紫斑病病原真菌对其抗菌活性进行分析。结果表明,菌株XP介导合成的单质硒为球形纳米颗粒 (Selenium nanoparticles,SeNPs),其生成量与反应时间呈正相关 (0–48 h),且细胞形态未发生褶皱或破损等变化 (耐受力强);SeNPs为非晶态,粒径范围在135–165 nm,表面元素组成以Se为主,同时存在C、O、N、S等有机元素;颗粒表面包裹生物大分子物质,-OH、C=O、N-H、C-H等官能团与SeNPs稳定性和生物活性密切相关;高浓度纳米硒对枯萎、红叶、紫斑病病原真菌均有显著抑制活性 (P<0.05),其中对草莓红叶病与枯萎病病原真菌的抑制活性明显优于对紫斑病病原真菌的抑制活性。总而言之,菌株XP不仅耐受高盐胁迫能力强,同时还可介导合成生物SeNPs,其合成的纳米硒颗粒具有良好的稳定性和生物活性,在草莓病害防治以及绿色富硒草莓种植等领域具有潜在的应用价值。