噬菌蛭弧菌简易保存方法的研究

本文报道了噬菌蛭弧菌在自来水宿主软琼脂中,于4℃环境(冰箱)存活的时间.发现噬菌蛭弧菌在自来水宿主软琼脂中,于4℃冰箱中保存,至少可以存活3个月以上,一般为5～8个月左右,最长时间可达18个月。但在自来水宿主双层琼脂平板上形成的噬斑数目,随着保存时间的延长,则有不同程度的减少。     

冬虫夏草多糖的分子结构与免疫活性

 冬虫夏草多糖(在本文中名为CS-81002)是由冬虫夏草菌Cordyceps sinensis(Berk)Sacc在人工发酵条件下产生的胞外多糖。用凝胶过滤法测出CS-81002的分子量Mr=43kD。CS-81002的单糖组成为Man:Gal:Glc=10.3:3.6:1。甲基化分析和部份酸水解结果表明,CS-81002是多分支的杂多糖,由→6)-Manp-(1→形成主链,大约每10个主链Man残基中,有6个在C3位上被取代(即形成→3,6)-Manp-(1→分支),有4个在位C2上被取代(即形成→2,6-Manp-(1→分支),从而形成侧链。主链中还有少许未被取代的Man残基。侧链则由→3-)-Galf-(1→,→4)-Glcf-(1→,→4)-Manp-(1→和→2)-Manp-(1→组成。位于非还原末端的,则三种单糖残基都有。CS-81002在5mg/kg体重×12剂量条件下,对正常的昆明小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能有显著促进作用。在同样剂量条件下,对正常LACA小鼠脾脏溶血斑形成细胞(PFC)对绵羊红细胞的溶血作用无显著影响。不同程度的部份酸水解可使CS-81002的分子量下降,分支减少,并且对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的促进作用亦有下降趋势。在所得到的各个部份酸水解级分(分子量分别为41000,40000,32000,16000和12000)中,分子量为12000的级分对巨噬细胞吞噬功能无促进作用。     

肥皂草素类核糖核蛋白体失活蛋白的纯化及其性质研究

 利用强阳离子交换柱从Saponaria officinalis L种子中分离出一种肥皂草素(Saporin)成分。它在无细胞体系中显示了较强的抑制蛋白合成的活性,与抗体连接后能特异性杀伤靶细胞。     

PHA激活的脐血T细胞条件培养液对人骨髓CFU-c的抑制

本文研究了PHA刺激18小时收获的脐血T细胞条件培养液(PHA-TCM)对正常人骨髓CFU-c的影响。结果显示PHA-TCM能够显著抑制CFU-c的生长,这种抑制与PHA-TCM浓度有关。并发现经PHA-TCM作用后M型集落比例明显降低。PHA-TCM中未检出IFN和IL-2活性。进一步研究证实,PHA-TCM中CFU-c抑制活性是一种对酸碱敏感对热相对不敏感的蛋白质,其分子量大于10,000道尔顿。     

A SPOROPHYTE CELL WALL PROTEIN OF THE RED ALGA PORPHYRA PURPUREA (RHODOPHYTA) IS A NOVEL MEMBER OF THE CHYMOTRYPSIN FAMILY OF SERINE PROTEASES1

A complementary DNA (cDNA) clone from a Porphyra purpurea (Roth) C. Agardh sporophyte-specific subtracted cDNA library was found to encode a protein similar to serine proteases of the chymotrypsin class. The encoded protein contains a typical signal peptide and is particularly similar to chymotrypsins in the regions surrounding the active site residues and the activation site where cleavage of the propeptide occurs. In addition, the six cysteine residues characteristic of chymotrypsins are conserved. However, two of the three residues of the active site His/Asp/Ser charge relay triad have been replaced, indicating that the protein is unlikely to have peptidase activity. Northern hybridization confirmed that this cDNA is derived from an abundant, sporophyte-specific messenger RNA (mRNA). The presence of signal peptide on the encoded protein and the abundance of its mRNA suggested that this protein might be localized in the cell wall. Consequently, sporophyte cell walls were isolated and a major protein having a molecular weight similar to that estimated for the encoded protein was purified. N-terminal sequence analysis indicated that this cell wall protein is identical to that encoded by the cDNA with the amino terminus of the mature protein beginning at the activation site. This cell wall structural protein appears to have evolved from a chymotrypsin-like progenitor but has been adapted to bind cell wall proteins and/or polysaccharides rather than to cleave proteins.     

Inter- and intraclade neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: genetic clades do not correspond to neutralization serotypes but partially correspond to gp120 antigenic serotypes.

We have studied genetic variation among clades A through E of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) at the levels of antibody binding to gp120 molecules and virus neutralization. We are unable to identify neutralization serotypes that correspond to the genetic clades. Instead, we observe that inter- and intraclade neutralization of primary isolates by HIV-1-positive sera is generally weak and sporadic; some sera show a reasonable degree of neutralization breadth and potency whereas others are relatively sensitive to neutralization, but no consistent pattern was found. However, a few sera were able to neutralize across clades with significant potency, an observation which may have implications for the feasibility of a broadly effective HIV-1 vaccine involving humoral immunity. Serological assays measuring anti-gp120 antibody binding also failed to identify serotypes that correspond precisely to the genetic clades, but some indications of clade-specific binding were observed, notably with sera from clades B and E. A representative protein for each clade (A through E) was selected on the basis of its specificity, defined as high seroreactivity with sera from individuals infected with virus of that clade and lower reactivity with sera from individuals infected with viruses from other clades. The seroreactivity patterns against these five proteins could be used to predict the genotype of the infecting virus with moderate success.     

Effect of larval fish and nutrient enrichment on plankton dynamics in experimental ponds

The hypotheses that larval fish density may potentially affect phytoplankton abundance through regulating zooplankton community structure, and that fish effect may also depend on nutrient levels were tested experimentally in ponds with three densities of larval walleye, Stizostedion vitreum (0, 25, and 50 fish m^–3), and two fertilizer types (inorganic vs organic fertilizer). A significant negative relationship between larval fish density and large zooplankton abundance was observed despite fertilizer types. Larval walleye significantly reduced the abundances of Daphnia, Bosmina, and Diaptomus but enhanced the abundance of various rotifer species (Brachionus, Polyarthra, and Keratella). When fish predation was excluded, Daphnia became dominant, but Daphnia grazing did not significantly suppress blue-green algae. Clearly, larval fish can be an important regulator for zooplankton community. Algal composition and abundance were affected more by fertilizer type than by fish density. Inorganic fertilizer with a high N:P ratio (20:1) enhanced blue-green algal blooms, while organic fertilizer with a lower N:P ratio (10:1) suppressed the abundance of blue-green algae. This result may be attributed to the high density of blue-green algae at the beginning of the experiment and the fertilizer type. Our data suggest that continuous release of nutrients from suspended organic fertilizer at a low rate may discourage the development of blue-green algae. Nutrient inputs at a low N:P ratio do not necessarily result in the dominance of blue-green algae.     

CO2／盐冲击对小麦幼苗呼吸酶活性的影响

以不同抗盐小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.)为材料 ,研究了 CO2 /盐冲击对幼苗生长状况、叶绿素含量、光呼吸和三羧酸循环 (TCAC)关键酶活性的影响。结果表明 :Na Cl抑制小麦生长 ,而 CO2 促进生长 ,这种效应盐处理植株比非盐处理植株明显 ;Na Cl降低叶绿素含量 ,CO2 可使其轻微提高 ;盐对普通小麦TCAC中的异柠檬酸脱氢酶 (IDH)、琥珀酸脱氢酶 (SDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶 (MDH)和光呼吸中的乙醇酸氧化酶 (GO)、羟基丙酮酸还原酶 (HPR)有刺激作用 ,CO2 则抑制它们的活性。抗盐小麦对 CO2 /盐冲击的反应与普通小麦有差别。结果可以说明 ,CO2 能够减轻 Na Cl对植物的毒害效应     

菠菜BADH单抗细胞株及其应用初探

用菠菜甜菜碱醛脱氢酶 ( BADH)免疫巴比西 ( BALB/c)小鼠 ,将其脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞 SP2 /O-Ag1 4融合 ,在 1 92孔中 ,有约 1 4 %孔生长的杂交瘤细胞 ,用间接酶联免疫方法 ( ELISA)检测表现为阳性。选择其中 2 G3和 2 D10 细胞系 ,用有限稀释法进行克隆化培养 ,约 2 0 %克隆化细胞为强阳性。选择其中 2 G3- H3细胞株注射到 BALB/c小鼠腹腔中诱导腹水 ,腹水的单抗效价为 1∶ 1 0 3。应用 BADH单抗检查了大麦、水稻、高粱、小麦幼苗的叶片和根的粗提物 ,均呈阳性反应 ,表明 BADH除在光合组织中存在外 ,在非光合组织中也可能存在。讨论了非光合组织 BADH的意义     

细胞分裂素生物合成基因在调节一组烟草病理相关蛋白基因表达中的作用

对一组病理相关蛋白基因在烟草 ( N icotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38)中的表达情况进行了研究 ,包括 :碱性几丁质酶、β- 1 ,3-葡萄糖苷酶、渗透蛋白及伸展蛋白。RNA杂交实验表明在正常烟草植株中上述 4个基因具有发育和器官专一性的表达。在含有细胞分裂素生物合成基因的转基因烟草丛生芽中 ,这 4个基因的表达受过量合成的内源细胞分裂素和载体效应的共同调节 ,细胞分裂素降低这些基因的表达 ,而载体效应则促进它们的表达。热激处理也明显降低这 4种基因的表达水平。上述结果表明这些病理相关蛋白基因具有复杂的调控系统