Expression of the adrenergic phenotype by dorsal root ganglion cells of the quail in culture in vitro

From the results of previous studies, we have suggested that "autonomic" cell precursors exist in latent form in sensory ganglia of avian embryos. The potentialities can be expressed when the ganglia are transplanted into a young embryo host. In the present study, we have observed a similar transformation in cultures of dissociated dorsal root ganglia taken from quail embryos of 7-15 days of incubation. From the 4th day of culture onward, numerous adrenergic cells appear. They display tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity, synthesise and store catecholamines and generally differ in size and shape from primary sensory neurons. They and/or their precursors can actively proliferate in culture. The differentiation of these catecholaminergic cells, which can not be detected in quail dorsal root ganglia during normal development in vivo, is dependent on one or more factors present in 9-day chick embryo extract.     

植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)在细胞分化中的作用

烟草、丹参和甜叶菊愈伤组织在分化过程中一般都出现两个PAL活性高峰。第一高峰在培养第一、二、三天中出现;第二高峰在第十一天前后出现。前者在分化或不分化培养基中都存在,似与组织分化无关,后者只在分化条件下才有,似可作为组织启动分化的指示酶。分化程度不同的组织,PAL活性有很大差异,即将或刚分化的组织活性最高,随着分化的进程活性趋于降低,老化的组织甚至丧失活性。PAL活性、木质素合成和管状份子形成之间有着紧密的相关性。     

油桐尺蠖的生物学和防治

油桐尺蠖主要为害茶叶和油桐。1979年,湖南网岭数百亩茶园被该虫毁灭。近年来,有人从该虫尸体上分离出核型多角体病毒(以上简称NPV)。但是,有关它的生物学特性和用NPV防治它的报道甚少。作者从1979年起进行了这方面的一些研究。现将结果整理如下。 一、生物学特性     

棘孢小单孢菌和灰色链霉菌原生质体融合的研究

用庆大霉素产生菌——棘孢小单孢菌Micromonospora echinospora 814(Gm~r,Km~r)和链霉素产生菌Streptomyces griseus No. 45(Sm~r,Lm~r)进行了原生质体融合。以抗性为选择标记,选出了融合体。其融合频率在10~(-3)—10~(-4)之间。在电镜条件下,观察了原生质体融合的详细过程,测定了融合体的产抗生素能力,其中一株融合体F106的抗生素产量比亲本菌株814高58％。用羧甲基纤维素薄层对发酵液层析表明,有一个融合体的发酵液比亲本菌株814多一个组份,但没有测出其生物活性。     

微核形成与细胞周期关系的初步研究 Ⅲ.丝裂霉素c诱发人淋巴细胞染色体畸变与不同周期阶段的微核形成

为了研究染色体畸变与微核形成的关系,本实验用不同浓度的丝裂霉素C(MMC,0.025—0.4μg/ml),处理人外周血淋巴细胞,观察中期染色体畸变与不同细胞周期形成的微核间的关系。获得如下主要结果:(1)MMC诱发的染色体畸变细胞率(ACF),未经培养的G_0期淋巴细胞的微核细胞率(NC-MNCF)以及培养的淋巴细胞的微核细胞率(C-MNCF),在一定剂量范围内均呈剂量依赖性增加,并可用幂回归方程描述;(2)微核形成与染色体畸变全然无关的NC-MNCF,和C-MNCF一样,与ACF呈良好的正相关;(3)用胞质分裂阻滞(CB)法,检测MMC诱发的CB-MNCF,较C-MNCF无显著提高,MNCF/ACF的比值较小,并随着MMC剂量增加从0.15左右降到0.03。所有上述结果表明,不能简单理解微核形成与染色体畸变间的关系,在分裂的细胞群体中,中期染色体畸变可能仅是微核形成的一种来源。     

在琼脂双向扩散中植物病毒非特异带的产生和消除

检测植物病毒,通常采用琼脂双向扩散、对流免疫电泳和酶联免疫吸附测定(ELIsA)等三种方法,而在研究一些植物病毒之间的亲缘关系方面,琼脂双向扩散则能提供其他方法所不能提供的免疫学图谱。我们在做琼脂双向扩散时发现,植物病毒的某些寄主与提纯病毒时所用磷酸盐缓冲液之间常能形成非特异带。本文报道非特异带的干扰现象及其消除方法。     

正常月经周期妇女卵泡液中激素水平的变化

本文测定了24例正常月经妇女在不同时相、不同大小卵泡的卵泡液中雌二醇(E_2)、孕酮(P_0)、雄烯二酮(A)、睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和催乳素(PRL)的含量,并分析其与外周血中相应激素浓度的关系。测定结果显示:小卵泡的卵泡液中E_2、Po,FSH,LH水平低于大卵泡中水平,而A和T水平则相反。排卵前大卵泡中E_2(9815nmol/L),P_0(3316nmol/L),FSH(1.34IU/L)和LH(3.9lIU/L)达最高值。A(280nmol/L)和T(137nmol/L)却较小卵泡中水平低(相应为692nmol/L和176nmol/L)。PRL水平在大小卵泡中无显著性差异。卵泡液中甾体激素水平高于外周血7—20.000倍,FSH、LH水平为外周血的10—80％,PRL水平为60％—3倍。     

几个粳稻品种抗白背飞虱的研究

本研究用苗期群体鉴定法对若干水稻品种进行了抗白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera)比较测定,并探讨籼、粳稻品种抗性差异和粳稻抗性性质.结果指出:在供试“80079”,“中国91”、“盐粳2号”等粳稻品种上,白背飞虱生物学表现明显不同.粳稻抗性可分两类:(1)“80079”对白背飞虱取食、生存、发育没有抗生作用,对种群为害还表现有耐虫性;(2)“中国91”、“盐粳2号”对白背飞虱取食、生存、发育没有抗生作用,但却有一定的拒产卵机制,对种群为害还兼有耐虫性,从而能有效地抑制白背飞虱种群的建立.     

A covalently constrained congener of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae tridecapeptide mating pheromone is an agonist

An analog of alpha-factor, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae tridecapeptide mating pheromone (Trp-His-Trp-Leu-Gln-Leu-Lys-Pro-Gly-Gln-Pro-Met-Tyr), in which the side chains of Lys7 and Gln10 were covalently linked, was synthesized using solid phase methodologies. The yield of the purified cyclic analog cyclo7,10[Nle12]alpha-factor was 30%, and its structure was verified by amino acid analysis, peptide sequencing, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cyclo7,10[Nle12]alpha-factor caused growth arrest and morphological alterations in S. cerevisiae MATa cells qualitatively identical to those induced by linear pheromone and was one-fourth to one-twentieth as active as the linear alpha-factor depending upon the S. cerevisiae strain tested. Consistent with the relative activities of the linear and cyclic peptides, binding competition studies indicated that cyclo7,10[Nle12]alpha-factor had approximately 20-40-fold less affinity for the alpha-factor receptor. Hydrolysis of the cyclic peptide by the target cells did not lead to opening of the ring and was less rapid than that of linear alpha-factor. The alpha-factor antagonist des-Trp1-[Ala3,Nle12]alpha-factor reversed the activity of the cyclic analog, and cyclo7,10[Nle12]alpha-factor was not active at the restrictive temperature in a temperature-sensitive receptor mutant. These results support the conclusion that the cyclic alpha-factor occupies the same binding site within the receptor as is occupied by the natural pheromone. The cyclic alpha-factor represents a rare example of an agonist among covalently constrained congeners of small linear peptide messengers.