西南部分野生羊肚菌ITS序列鉴定及生境分析

分析了川渝7个县（/区）18个位点野生羊肚菌的生态环境;同时对羊肚菌的品种进行鉴定。运用SPSS对各位点野生羊肚菌的生态环境相关数据(包括海拔、生长环境、土壤物理指标和有机质、总氮、总磷等化学成分)进行因子分析。采用内转录间隔区（ITS）序列,结合观察特征,鉴定各位点羊肚菌品种。各位点样品PCR 扩增所得片段大小约为1 200~1 800 bp,经过测序及BLAST 分析,18个位点羊肚菌品种集中为羊肚菌（Morchella esculenta）、尖顶羊肚菌（Morchella conica）、小羊肚菌（Morchella deliciosa）等7个种类,与根据形态命名方式得到的结果差距较大;其生境中关键因子为有机质,范围为0.55%~2.60%;其次是磷元素和含水量。西南地区野生羊肚菌生境相似度较高,品种较为集中,为西南地区羊肚菌野生资源研究和人工栽培提供了参考依据。     

重组人睫状神经营养因子的表达及其临床前药效学研究

目的:人睫状神经营养因子(hCNTF)是神经营养因子(NGF)家族以外的一种神经营养因子,具有明显的减轻体重的作用。为了将hCNTF的研究逐步推向应用,开展了hCNTF减肥作用的临床前相关研究。方法:依据国内减肥药临床前药效学指导原则,设计并实施了动物实验,建立了各种指标与人类肥胖最为相似的肥胖SD大鼠模型,分别测定了重组hCNTF用药后大鼠的体重、血清三酰甘油、总胆固醇、肾周围脂肪重量和肥胖指数。结果:在200μg/(kg·d)剂量下,重组hCNTF对减轻肥胖SD大鼠体重、减轻其右肾周围脂肪及改善体型都有一定的效果;400μg/(kg·d)以上剂量的重组hCNTF,对减轻肥胖SD大鼠体重、改善体型、降低血清三酰甘油都有极其显著的效果;惟有剂量达到1600μg/(kg·d),重组hCNTF才能降低血清总胆固醇含量。结论:所获得的重组hCNTF在肥胖SD大鼠动物模型上具有十分良好的减肥效果。     

甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯经鼻致敏建立羊变应性鼻炎模型

目的旨在建立鼻腔宽敞的大型动物变应性鼻炎模型,初步探讨其实用性。方法①南江黄羊4只行鼻部解剖,记录鼻腔解剖学参数。②南江黄羊12只,8只为模型组,15%甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯（TDI）橄榄油溶液滴鼻致敏,4只为对照组,使用橄榄油液。记录建模过程中黄羊症状体征评分,建模完成后测定黄羊鼻腔灌洗液组胺含量并行鼻黏膜组织病理学检查。③将建模成功的黄羊随机分为A组（布地奈德治疗组）和B组（生理盐水对照组）,记录治疗前后症状体征评分变化,评价该模型对药物治疗的反应。结果①黄羊鼻腔宽敞,鼻腔解剖结构与人类极其相似。②TDI致敏后,与对照组相比,模型组8只黄羊均出现典型变应性鼻炎症状体征,鼻腔灌洗液中组胺含量明显增高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;组织病理学检查见黄羊鼻黏膜下组织水肿,血管扩张,固有层内散在或灶性以嗜酸性粒细胞为主的炎症细胞浸润。③布地奈德治疗组症状体征评分下降,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论成功建立大型动物变应性鼻炎模型,不但可用于研究药物疗效,还可用于判定新的物理和手术治疗安全性及有效性。     

Light Regulatilon of the Synthesis of Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase and Fructose 1, 6-Bisphosphatase

The activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase, E. C. 4. 1. 1. 395, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase, E. C. 3. 1. 3. 11) and sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase, E. C. 3. 1. 3. 37) was assayed in the etiolated cotyledons of Brassica juncea after red light or far- red light stimulation. There seemed to be a light-sensitive phase in the course of germination as indicated by the response of leaves to light. During this phase red light stimulated the synthesis of RuBPCase and FBPase, but not SBPase. This effect of red light could be reversed by farred light. Therefore, the initiation of the synthesis of the two enzymes was mediated by phytochrome. The amount of enzyme synthesized was not concerned with the number of light quanta. Phytochrome is only involved in the initiation of the synthesis of certain enzymes, but whether the synthesis will proceed continuosely ro not depends on many other factors, e. g. the availability of substrate and energy.     

Natural Xanthones from Garcinia mangostana with Multifunctional Activities for the Therapy of Alzheimer’s Disease

Neurochemical Research - Natural xanthones have diversity pharmacological activities. Here, a series of xanthones isolated from the pericarps of Garcinia mangostana Linn, named α-Mangostin,...     

Gartanin Protects Neurons against Glutamate-Induced Cell Death in HT22 Cells: Independence of Nrf-2 but Involvement of HO-1 and AMPK

Oxidative stress mediates the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Gartanin, a natural xanthone of mangosteen, possesses multipharmacological activities. Herein, the neuroprotection capacity of gartanin against glutamate-induced damage in HT22 cells and its possible mechanism(s) were investigated for the first time. Glutamate resulted in cell death in a dose-dependent manner and supplementation of 1–10 µM gartanin prevented the detrimental effects of glutamate on cell survival. Additional investigations on the underlying mechanisms suggested that gartanin could effectively reduce glutamate-induced intracellular ROS generation and mitochondrial depolarization. We further found that gartanin induced HO-1 expression independent of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2). Subsequent studies revealed that the inhibitory effects of gartanin on glutamate-induced apoptosis were partially blocked by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of HO-1. Finally, the protein expression of phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream signal molecules, Sirtuin activator (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), increased after gartanin treatment. Taken together, these findings suggest gartanin is a potential neuroprotective agent against glutamate-induced oxidative injury partially through increasing Nrf-2-independed HO-1 and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways.