甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯经鼻致敏建立羊变应性鼻炎模型

目的旨在建立鼻腔宽敞的大型动物变应性鼻炎模型,初步探讨其实用性。方法①南江黄羊4只行鼻部解剖,记录鼻腔解剖学参数。②南江黄羊12只,8只为模型组,15%甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯（TDI）橄榄油溶液滴鼻致敏,4只为对照组,使用橄榄油液。记录建模过程中黄羊症状体征评分,建模完成后测定黄羊鼻腔灌洗液组胺含量并行鼻黏膜组织病理学检查。③将建模成功的黄羊随机分为A组（布地奈德治疗组）和B组（生理盐水对照组）,记录治疗前后症状体征评分变化,评价该模型对药物治疗的反应。结果①黄羊鼻腔宽敞,鼻腔解剖结构与人类极其相似。②TDI致敏后,与对照组相比,模型组8只黄羊均出现典型变应性鼻炎症状体征,鼻腔灌洗液中组胺含量明显增高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;组织病理学检查见黄羊鼻黏膜下组织水肿,血管扩张,固有层内散在或灶性以嗜酸性粒细胞为主的炎症细胞浸润。③布地奈德治疗组症状体征评分下降,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论成功建立大型动物变应性鼻炎模型,不但可用于研究药物疗效,还可用于判定新的物理和手术治疗安全性及有效性。

Establishment of a Sheep Model of Allergic Rhinitis Sensitized to Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate

Objective To establish a large animal model of allergic rhinitis with spacious nasal cavity.Methods ①Four Nanjiang sheep were sacrificed and nasal anatomic parameters were recorded;②Twelve Nanjiang sheep were enrolled in the experiment with 8 in the model group and 4 in the control group.15% toluene-2,4-diisocyanate（TDI） in olive oil was used as sensitizer for model group and olive oil for control group.Symptoms and signs of sheep were recorded during modeling.After the last challenge,the level of histamine in nasal lavage fluid was measured and nasal mucosa was taken for histopathological examination.③The successfully sensitized sheep were divided randomly into group A treated with budesonide nasal spraying agent,and group B as control.Differences between pre-and post-treatment data were recorded and compared to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy.Results ①Nanjiang sheep have similar nasal anatomy to that of human beings.②Compared with the control,all the sheep in model group exhibited typical symptoms and signs of allergic rhinitis after TDI challenge,and the level of histamine in nasal lavage fluid was significantly increased（P〈0.01）.Histopathological examination of nasal mucosa showed distinct edema in the submucosal tissue and vasodilatation,with inflammatory cells scattered or focally infiltrating in the lamina propria（mainly eosinophils）.3.Symptoms and signs of the sheep in group A significantly alleviated after treatment with budesonide agent compared with those in the control group（P〈0.05）.Conclusions A large animal model of allergic rhinitis is successfully established in the sheep which are more suitable for research on drug effect evaluation,safety and therapeutic efficacy assessment for allergic rhinitis surgery.