正常人及肝细胞癌患者肝脏及血浆中丙酮酸激酶同工酶免疫测定

 分别从人肝及鼠肝中高度纯化L型和M_1型丙酮酸激酶(Pyk),制备相应的免抗血清。从抗血清中纯化IgG并水解成F(ab')_2,进而还原成Fab',后者与辣根过氧物酶(HRP)交联成Fab'-HRP,再利用这两种复合物建立了各自的高灵敏夹心ELISA来免疫定量L及M_2型(与鼠M_1-Pyk有交叉免疫)Pyk,结果发现:正常人肝中95％的Pyk为L型,M_2-Pyk仅占5％,而肝细胞癌中L-Pyk降至正常肝的3.5％,M_2-Pyk却增至正常的14.6倍,以致M_2-Pyk占总量的95.5％。免疫组化研究进一步证实定量的结果,正常人肝L-Pyk染色呈强阳性。M_2-Pyk染色较弱,而肝细胞癌恰好相反,L-Pyk染色明显减退,而M_2-Pyk不仅癌组织染色很深,癌周组织也明显深于正常,而且愈近癌巢,染色愈深。测定血浆Pyk,发现正常人L-Pyk占89.9％,M-Pyk(以M_2计)仅占10.1％。肝细胞癌患者血浆L-Pyk略见降低,为正常值的79.6％,p值在0.02～0.05之间,但血浆M型Pyk明显升高至正常的4.59倍,占Pyk总量的39.6％,并证明主要来源于肝癌组织中的M_2,故M_2-Pyk有可能成为肝细胞癌诊断的新指标。     

小肠平滑肌胰岛素受体的特征及其蛋白激酶活性

 本实验对狗小肠平滑肌中胰岛素受体的结构和特征进行了分析研究。通过麦胚凝集素琼脂糖和两次Sepharose-CL-6B凝胶层析从平滑肌中纯化胰岛素受体,达到电泳纯。SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳证明胰岛素受体是由两个亚基组成的,分子量分别为135kD和90kD。磷酸化实验证明平滑肌胰岛素受体具有胰岛素依赖性蛋白激酶活性,能催化自身的β亚基磷酸化和底物的磷酸化。Scatchard分析表明胰岛素和受体的结合呈(?)协同效应,最大结合率为13μg胰岛素/mg蛋白质。     

中华大蟾蜍多种组织内5-羟色胺免疫染色细胞的分布

用过氧化物酶-抗过氧化物酶(PAP)法,对中华大蟾蜍消化道(冬眠期与非冬眠期),脑及其他组织的5-HT分布进行了研究。5-HT免疫染色细胞位于脑干中缝核区和间脑的第Ⅲ脑室腹侧的室管膜细胞区。阳性神经元呈圆形或卵圆形,细胞常有突起与其他阳性细胞突起相连,上述部位中还有一些阳性神经纤维。消化道的免疫染色细胞密度在胃幽门、胃体和胃贲门处最高,食道和十二指肠次之,大肠和小肠最低。非冬眠期蟾蜍消化道内免疫染色细胞密度明显高于冬眠期的(P<0.05)。阳性细胞位于粘膜上皮或腺上皮细胞间,细胞有一个或一个以上呈阳性反应的突起,有的突起伸入肠腔面或腺腔面,有的穿过基膜到达固有层,表明这些细胞兼有内、外分泌的功能。在甲状旁腺的主细胞间,肺呼吸性细支气管上皮和肺泡管上皮细胞间都有5-HT免疫染色细胞,细胞呈立方形、圆形、卵圆形或不规则形,常有几个细胞成簇分布。     

Integrated Genetic Map of Anopheles Gambiae: Use of Rapd Polymorphisms for Genetic, Cytogenetic and Sts Landmarks

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been integrated in the genetic and cytogenetic maps of the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Fifteen of these markers were mapped by recombination, relative to microsatellite markers that had been mapped previously. Thirty-four gel-purified RAPD bands were cloned and sequenced, generating sequence tagged sites (STSs) that can be used as entry points to the A. gambiae genome. Thirty one of these STSs were localized on nurse cell polytene chromosomes through their unique hybridization signal in in situ hybridization experiments. Five STSs map close to the breakpoints of polymorphic inversions, which are notable features of the Anopheles genome. The usefulness and limitations of this integrated mosquito map are discussed.     

羊狂蝇化蛹、羽化的生物学研究

本文揭示羊狂蝇羽化与环境因素的相关性,幼虫在土壤栖息定位,蛹态,蛹与幼虫大小的相关性,成蝇活动行为和寿命,雌雄蝇比率等生物学特性,为羊狂蝇应用研究提供具有指导意义的基础资料。     

大豆子叶内酸性磷酸酶活性的超微结构定位

开花后３５～５０ ｄ 期间和萌发早期（播种后４～８ ｄ）的大豆（Ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅｍ ａｘ Ｌ．）种子中,酸性磷酸酶主要分布在子叶细胞中的蛋白体内;在内质网内也检测到酸性磷酸酶活性。此外,在萌发早期的部分子叶细胞的质膜外侧及其细胞壁基质中可见密集的酸性磷酸酶活性;而且在近质膜的胞质中常见到一些富含磷酸铅沉淀的胞质小泡,似与质膜融合     

多胚水稻ApⅢ（双13）的胚胎学观察

对多胚水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）ＡｐⅢ的大量成熟颖果、人工萌发的幼苗和开花后３～５ ｄ 的幼嫩颖果进行的整体解剖和显微制片观察表明：ＡｐⅢ的５０００粒成熟颖果中,８９．０％ 含单胚单苗,８．９％ 和１．２％分别含双胚双苗和三胚三苗;７００多粒幼嫩颖果中,９０．０％ ～９５．０％ 含单胚,５．０％ ～７．０％ 含双胚。因制片的数目有限,未见到含三胚的;在含单胚和多胚颖果中,胚均位于同一胚囊的珠孔端,未见到胚囊以外存在不定胚。根据上述结果,似可以认为ＡｐⅢ单粒颖果的双胚和三胚是由同一胚囊内的卵细胞和１或２个助细胞受精或不受精发育而来的     

菠菜BADH单抗细胞株及其应用初探

用菠菜甜菜碱醛脱氢酶 ( BADH)免疫巴比西 ( BALB/c)小鼠 ,将其脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞 SP2 /O-Ag1 4融合 ,在 1 92孔中 ,有约 1 4 %孔生长的杂交瘤细胞 ,用间接酶联免疫方法 ( ELISA)检测表现为阳性。选择其中 2 G3和 2 D10 细胞系 ,用有限稀释法进行克隆化培养 ,约 2 0 %克隆化细胞为强阳性。选择其中 2 G3- H3细胞株注射到 BALB/c小鼠腹腔中诱导腹水 ,腹水的单抗效价为 1∶ 1 0 3。应用 BADH单抗检查了大麦、水稻、高粱、小麦幼苗的叶片和根的粗提物 ,均呈阳性反应 ,表明 BADH除在光合组织中存在外 ,在非光合组织中也可能存在。讨论了非光合组织 BADH的意义     

Membrane receptors for estrogen,progesterone, and testosterone in the rat brain: Fantasy or reality

Summary 1. There are numerous circumstantial evidence supporting the concept that steroid hormones control cellular function by means other than the nuclear receptor steroid binding mechanism. It is the intent of this report to present evidence indicating that steroids bind to specific sites in neuronal membranes.2. Some of the criteria to define steroid membrane receptors using steroid-BSA conjugates that can be radioiodinated to desired specific activity have been fulfilled for each of the three sex steroids using crude synaptosomal membrane preparations (P2 fractions) from the CNS of female and male rats. Ligand binding for each of the three steroids indicate high-affinity and high-capacity sites with distinct brain selectivity and stereospecificity. For example, 17-E-6-[¹²⁵I]BSA binds hypothalamic P2 fractions (HYP-P2) with an estimatedK _d of about 3±0.7 nM (X ± SE;n=3), whereas the cerebellum P2 (CB-P2) fractions bind the ligand with aK _d of 34±7 nM and, aB _max of 3 and 42 pmol/mg protein, respectively. Estrogen and testosterone binding fit best a one-single site, while progesterone binding sites can be best represented by a two-binding site, one high-affinity (K _d=1–2 nM) and one low affinity (K _d=62 nM), in CB-P2 fractions from intact adult female rat brain. Kinetics studies for T-3-[¹²⁵I]BSA indicate that the estimatedK _d of 30±2 nM for the olfactory bulb P2 fractions (OB-P2) from male rats is in good agreement withK _d values computed from Scatchard-derived data using the LIGAND algorithm.3. 17-E-6-[¹²⁵I]BSA binding sites are stereospecific and appears to be present as early as 5 days of age in both the OB- and the CB-P2 fractions without changes during development. In contrast, P-6-[¹²⁵I]BSA binding sites are practically absent during days 5 and 12 and appear by day 22.4. Finally, membrane receptor molecules for estrogen and progesterone have been isolated and purified by affinity chromatography and characterized by PAGE and Western blot. Microsequencing of one of the membrane estrogen binding proteins indicates that the high-affinity site corresponds to the OSCP subunit of the proton ATP synthase.5. It remains to be determined if P and T also bind to this complex enzyme or if they bind to other subunits of the family of proton ATPases. Overall the data indicate that steroid hormones conjugated to BSA are important tools to study the reality of membrane steroid receptors.     

Trace elements in scalp hair of professional drivers and university teachers in Hong Kong

Hair samples of 23 male professional drivers and 20 male university teachers in Hong Kong were collected, and the concentrations of Al, Sb, As, Ca, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Hg, K, Sr, S, V, and Zn were measured. Both of the target groups fell within the same age group of 35–45. The washing method of using detergent and powder was found to be comparable to that of using ether. Difference in the mean concentration of each detected element in the two groups was tested by the Student'st-test and the Wilcoxon rank-sums test. Hair concentrations of Al, Sb, Pb, Mg, Mn, and K in the «Driver Group» were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in the “Teacher Group.” On the other hand, As and Hg were found to have a higher concentration in hair of teachers. Interpretation of the findings in terms of the environmental factor and the metabolic rate was attempted.