高原湖泊流域国土空间生态修复优先区诊断及修复研究

高原湖泊流域是高原地区人类活动的重要载体,兼具高生态价值和高脆弱性的特点。随着高原湖泊流域城市化和工业化发展加速,湖泊面积萎缩,污染加剧,流域生态环境受损严重,引发了一系列生态环境问题,如水土流失、水污染、湿地退化、生境质量下降等。亟需开展生态修复以平衡经济发展与生态环境保护之间关系,而基于整体保护与系统治理思维诊断并修复生态修复优先区,是科学有序推进国土空间生态保护与修复的重要抓手。基于此,研究以高原湖泊流域典型代表滇池流域为例,利用人类足迹和景观生态风险模型定量评估生态系统所受负向干扰,以最小累积阻力模型和电路理论构建流域生态网络;提取生态网络受负向干扰较高的关键区域为生态修复优先区并提出针对性修复措施。研究表明：(1)滇池流域人类干扰和生态风险整体较高,人类干扰整体呈核心—边缘递减的圈层式分布,中高生态风险占据了绝大部分区域。人类交通网络大幅扩展了人类干扰和生态风险的强度和深度;(2)区域生态网络呈典型湖泊生态网络特点,38条生态廊道呈放射状或环状分布,连通湖区、山区两大生态空间内共23块生态源地,保障区域生态安全;(3)研究共提取生态源地修复优先区73.83km²     

生长抑素受体2的小鼠时空组织表达谱

生长抑素(somatostatin, SST)作为一种抑制性多肽激素,在多种生物过程中发挥重要的功能。生长抑素受体2 (somatostatin receptor 2, SSTR2)作为生长抑素表达最广泛的受体在多种组织中表达,但其表达的具体细胞类型尚不清楚。本研究在小鼠不同发育阶段的多种组织中鉴定了SSTR2蛋白表达的细胞类型。通过多色免疫荧光在小鼠胚胎期15.5 d、出生后1 d、7 d、15 d、3个月和6个月的脑、骨、肺、肠道、皮肤、胃、脾和肾等组织中检测了Sstr2基因的表达。结果发现Sstr2在不同发育阶段的多种组织的特定细胞类型中表达,包括脑神经元和星形胶质细胞,骨的间充质基质细胞、造血细胞和B细胞,肺的巨噬细胞、Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞和气道纤毛细胞,肠道的上皮细胞和神经元,皮肤的毛囊细胞,胃体的上皮细胞,脾的造血干细胞、造血祖细胞和神经纤维,肾的肾小管上皮细胞等。本研究确定了小鼠多组织不同发育阶段Sstr2表达的细胞类型,为生长抑素与生长抑素受体2的生理功能研究提供了新的线索。     

滇水金凤转录因子TT8的克隆及表达分析

为探究滇水金凤(Impatiens uliginosa L.)TT8(TRANSPARENT TESTA 8)基因的功能和表达特性,并解析其对滇水金凤花色的影响,研究以滇水金凤花器官为材料,通过RT-PCR等技术克隆IuTT8基因,并对其进行生物信息学分析;利用qRT-PCR分析该基因在不同花色和不同花发育阶段的表达模式。结果表明,(1)成功克隆得到滇水金凤IuTT8基因,其编码区全长为2 136 bp,编码711 aa,为亲水性不稳定蛋白,gDNA全长为3 938 bp,共有6个内含子;结构域分析发现该蛋白属于bHLH超家族成员,与喜马拉雅凤仙花、山茶等物种的TT8蛋白同源且Motif基序相似。(2)IuTT8与同属植物喜马拉雅凤仙花的聚在一支,相似性约86.34%;多序列比对和系统进化分析显示TT8蛋白的结构域高度保守。(3)IuTT8基因在4种不同花色滇水金凤及其4个不同发育阶段均有表达,除白色外,其表达量均随花发育的进行呈先升后降的趋势;且IuTT8基因的表达量与花色呈正相关,其中以深红色表达量最高,白色表达量最低,深红色S3的表达量约为白色S2时期的48倍。研究表明滇水金凤I...     

By-Products of Zea mays L.: A Promising Source of Medicinal Properties with Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities: A Comprehensive Review

Zea mays (Z. mays) is one of the main cereal crops in the world, and it′s by-products have exhibited medicinal properties to explore. This article intends to review the chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of by-products of Z. mays (corn silks, roots, bract, stems, bran, and leaves) which support the therapeutic potential in the treatment of different diseases, with emphasis on the natural occurring compounds and detailed pharmacological developments. Based on this review, 231 natural compounds are presented. Among them, flavonoids, terpenes, phenylpropanoids, and alkaloids are the most frequently reported. The by-products of Z. mays possess diuretic effects, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, plant protection activity, and other activities. This article reviewed the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Z. mays for comprehensive quality control and the safety and effectiveness to enhance future application.     

Comparative analysis of 343 plastid genomes of Solanum section Petota: Insights into potato diversity,phylogeny, and species discrimination

Common potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and its wild relatives belong to Solanum section Petota. This section's phylogeny and species delimitation are complicated due to various ploidy levels, high heterozygosity, and frequent interspecific hybridization. Compared to the nuclear genome, the plastid genome is more conserved, has a haploid nature, and has a lower nucleotide substitution rate, providing informative alternative insights into the phylogenetic study of section Petota. Here, we analyzed 343 potato plastid genomes from 53 wild and four cultivated species. The diversity of sequences and genomes was comprehensively analyzed. A total of 24 species were placed in a phylogenetic tree based on genomic data for the first time. Overall, our results not only confirmed most existing clades and species boundaries inferred by nuclear evidence but also provided some distinctive species clade belonging and the maternally inherited evidence supporting the hybrid origin of some species. Furthermore, the divergence times between the major potato clades were estimated. In addition, the species discriminatory power of universal barcodes, nuclear ribosomal DNA, and whole and partial plastid genomes and their combinations were thoroughly evaluated; the plastid genome performed best but had limited discriminatory power for all survey species (40%). Overall, our study provided not only new insights into phylogeny and DNA barcoding of potato but also provided valuable genetic data resources for further systematical research of Petota.     

家蚕内网虫属微孢虫核糖体小亚单位RNA(SSUrRNA)核心序列的克隆和序列分析

Endoreticulatus bombycis is a new pathogenic microspordia isolated from the silkworm larvae.With polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method,we amplified a fragment of the core sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNA( SSUr-RNA) of Endoreticulatus bombycis.The SSUrRNA fragment was inserted into pMD18-T Vector and then cloned.It had a length of 1230 nucleotides and a percentage GC content of 51.3%.The accession number in Genbank is gill 181769|AY009115.The secondary structure model of the SSUrRNA of Endoreticulatus bombycis was constructed both on the bases of the sequence alignment and RNAFOLD program of the PC-GENE package.The secondary structure model revealed that Endoreticulatus bombycis lacked many cukaryotic hclices.such as heli10,helix 11.helix 18,helix 43 and helix 46,but it has V4 region and has more of prokaryotic character.Analyzed by Blast,Endoreticulatus bombycis.Endoreticulatus schubergi and pleistophora sp.(Sd-Nu-IW8201) have a high similarity,over 98%,Phylogeny tree of Endoreticulatus and Pleistophora species showed that Endoreticulatus and Pleistophora sp.(Sd0Nu-IW8201) was in a group and the other Pleistophora species were in another group[Acta Zoologica Sinica 49(3):414-420,2001].     

壳多糖酶研究的概况及最新进展

壳多糖酶专一性水解壳多糖中的β－1,4糖苷键,在自然界的碳循环中具有极其重要的意义．壳多糖酶分布广泛,功能多样,在真菌生长发育、植物抗真菌感染等生理过程中壳多糖酶均发挥重要作用．文章概述了壳多糖酶研究的现状及最新进展,介绍了壳多糖酶的分布、理化性质、催化性质、在细胞中的定位及其调控;简介了近年来真菌和植物壳多糖酶研究的动态及最新进展.     

心肌电兴奋传导速度对心律失常影响的仿真研究

心电场是由心肌的电活动产生的。心肌细胞的电特性及心肌细胞间的传导关系决定了体表电位的分布及心电图的变化。心肌电兴奋传导速度则是影响心肌间兴奋传导关系的重要参数之一。由于很难通过实验方法来人为改变电兴奋传导速度,因而临床上有关该参数对心律影响的定量知识相当缺乏。本文采用真实三雏躯干模型及心脏模型,对心肌电兴奋传导速度与心律变化的关系进行定量仿真研究。结果表明,兴奋传导速度决定了整个心电图的变化,而局部普通心肌的传导速度在相当范围内变化似乎对心电图影响不明显,但传导速度超过一定范围后可能产生突变。