Transgenic Research - The cytoplasmic actin gene Actin4 (A4) in silkworm (Bombyx mori) was isolated 20 years ago and has a distal promoter upstream of the first exon and a proximal... 相似文献
Plant diversity has a strong impact on a plethora of ecosystem functions and services, especially ecosystem carbon (C) storage. However, the potential context-dependency of biodiversity effects across ecosystem types, environmental conditions and carbon pools remains largely unknown. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis by collecting data from 95 biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) studies across 60 sites to explore the effects of plant diversity on different C pools, including aboveground and belowground plant biomass, soil microbial biomass C and soil C content across different ecosystem types. The results showed that ecosystem C storage was significantly enhanced by plant diversity, with stronger effects on aboveground biomass than on soil C content. Moreover, the response magnitudes of ecosystem C storage increased with the level of species richness and experimental duration across all ecosystems. The effects of plant diversity were more pronounced in grasslands than in forests. Furthermore, the effects of plant diversity on belowground plant biomass increased with aridity index in grasslands and forests, suggesting that climate change might modulate biodiversity effects, which are stronger under wetter conditions but weaker under more arid conditions. Taken together, these results provide novel insights into the important role of plant diversity in ecosystem C storage across critical C pools, ecosystem types and environmental contexts. 相似文献
Genetically modified (GM) pigs hold great promises for pig genetic improvement, human health and life science. When GM pigs are produced, selectable marker genes (SMGs) are usually introduced into their genomes for host cell or animal recognition. However, the SMGs that remain in GM pigs might have multiple side effects. To avoid the possible side effects caused by the SMGs, they should be removed from the genome of GM pigs before their commercialization. The Cre recombinase is commonly used to delete the LoxP sites-flanked SMGs from the genome of GM animals. Although SMG-free GM pigs have been generated by Cre-mediated recombination, more efficient and cost-effective approaches are essential for the commercialization of SMG-free GM pigs. In this article we describe the production of a recombinant Cre protein containing a cell-penetrating and a nuclear localization signal peptide in one construct. This engineered Cre enzyme can efficiently excise the LoxP-flanked SMGs in cultured fibroblasts isolated from a transgenic pig, which then can be used as nuclear donor cells to generate live SMG-free GM pigs harboring a desired transgene by somatic cell nuclear transfer. This study describes an efficient and far-less costly method for production of SMG-free GM pigs.
Having a comprehensive understanding of population structure, genetic differentiation and demographic history is important for the conservation and management of threatened species. High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) provides exciting opportunities to address a wide range of factors for conservation genetics. Here, we generated HTS data and identified 266,884 high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms from 82 individuals of Cupressus chengiana, to assess population genomics across the species' full range, comprising the Daduhe River (DDH), Minjiang River (MJR) and Bailongjiang River (BLJ) catchments in western China. admixture , principal components analysis and phylogenetic analyses indicated that each region contains a distinct lineage, with high levels of differentiation between them (DDH, MJR and BLJ lineages). MJR was newly distinguished compared to previous surveys, and evidence including coalescent simulations supported a hybrid origin of MJR during the Quaternary. Each of these three lineages should be recognized as an evolutionarily significant unit (ESU), due to isolation, differing genetic adaptations and different demographic history. Currently, each ESU faces distinct threats, and will require different conservation strategies. Our work shows that population genomic approaches using HTS can reconstruct the complex evolutionary history of threatened species in mountainous regions, and hence inform conservation efforts, and contribute to the understanding of high biodiversity in mountains. 相似文献
Transgenic Research - Pathogenic fungi represent one of the major biotic stresses for soybean production across the world. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of Sclerotinia stem rot, is a... 相似文献
土壤干旱是北方地区杨树人工林生长和生态效益的重要限制因子。以群众杨(Populus×popularis‘35-44’)扦插苗为研究材料,采用盆栽称重法控制土壤水分,设置正常供水、中度干旱、重度干旱3种水分梯度。分别于2016年9月与2017年9月测定叶片气体交换参数、各器官干重、根冠比、叶经济性状等指标,研究了持续2年干旱胁迫下群众杨扦插苗光合特性与器官干物质分配的变化规律,分析了土壤干旱程度、树龄在"小老树"形成中的作用过程。2016年与2017年中度、重度干旱胁迫下功能叶净光合速率(P_n)受到非气孔限制,与正常供水相比分别降低了36.08%、56.42%;18.47%、5.13%。第一年干旱胁迫下群众杨气孔导度(G_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r)显著降低;第二年干旱胁迫下G_s与正常供水无显著差异,而T_r显著提高,有利于叶片C、N元素的运输分配进而维持较高的P_n。第一年随干旱胁迫程度加剧,群众杨叶片C/N显著提高,光合产物分配趋向于叶器官。第二年中度干旱胁迫下叶片C/N与正常供水相比无显著差异,各器官干重下降幅度均低于2016年,而根冠比显著增加,表明其光合产物主要用于地下部构建以适应中度干旱环境;持续重度干旱则光合产物向茎中的分配比例提高。干旱胁迫导致群众杨功能叶水分利用效率(WUE,Water use efficiency)与光合氮利用效率(PNUE,Photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency)显著降低,整株氮利用效率(NUE,Whole plant nitrogen use efficiency)显著提高。严重土壤干旱下叶片耗水增强、PNUE下降以及茎木质部碳投资增加可能是群众杨小老树形成的重要原因。 相似文献