甘肃兴隆山保护区野生马麝分布、数量特征及影响因素

综合采用样线法、粪堆计数法及重复调查法对甘肃省兴隆山国家级自然保护区的野生马麝（Moschus chrysogaster）进行了种群调查，结合生境分析，确定了其种群分布、数量特征及影响因素。结果表明，兴隆山保护区分布有野生马麝（1159±275）头，平均种群密度为（3.51±0.83）头/km²；各植被类型生境中的野生麝种群数量及密度存在差异，灌丛生境分布有70%的野生马麝种群，达（807±170）头，种群密度为（6.49±1.63）头/km²；针叶林种群密度最大，达（8.85±83.25）头/km²，分布有野生麝（123±45）头；针阔混交林分布最少，仅（41±15）头，种群密度为（5.00±1.84）头/km²；人工林生境无野生马麝分布。保护区各植被类型生境中的野生马麝种群分布差异反映了马麝对适宜生境功能的需求，食物、保温和隐蔽性是制约野生马麝冬季分布和种群数量的关键因素。此外，因生境及人为干扰强度的不同，保护区各区域的野生马麝种群分布存在差异。建议通过减少人为干扰、地表植被管理及人工林管理优化等措施增加生境适宜性，促进兴隆山自然保护区野生马麝种群的快速恢复和增长。

Population distribution, quantitative characteristics and influencing factors of the wild alpine musk deer in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province

Population survey of wild musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve (XNNR) of Gansu Province was conducted by the line-transect surveying, pellet-group surveying and repeated surveying. The population distribution, size, density and influencing factors were determined. The results showed that there were 1159±275 wild musk deer in the XNNR and the average population density was (3.51±0.83)km². The population size and density of wild musk deer were different in various habitats of XNNR. Nearly 70% (807±170) wild musk deer were in the shrubs with a population density of (6.49±1.63)km². The coniferous forest had the highest population density, i.e. (8.85±83.25)km², with 123±45 musk deer, while the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest was the least distributed, only 41±15 deer with a population density of (5.00±1.84)km². No wild musk deer distributed in artificial forest habitat. In XNNR, the different distribution of wild musk deer among habitats is related to the habitat suitability. Ecological needs to the food, heat preservation and sheltering are the key factors that restrict the distribution and population size of wild musk deer. Moreover, the population distribution differences of wild musk deer in XNNR is related to the intensity of artificial stresses including regional economic development and marginal agricultural activities. It is suggested that measures such as human disturbance reduction, surface vegetation management, artificial forest management, and eco-tourism improving should be taken in XNNR to improve the habitat suitability and promote the rapid recovery and growth of wild musk deer population.