高迁移率族蛋白1拮抗剂BoxA对细菌性脑膜炎大鼠的治疗作用

目的:探究高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)拮抗剂BoxA尾静脉注射对细菌性脑膜炎(BM)大鼠模型的临床体征改善和炎症抑制作用。方法:除外正常对照的雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠设为对照组(n=20),另取60只大鼠行脑室立体定向注射20μL大肠杆菌Escherichia coli (DH5α1×10~7CFU/m L)建立BM模型,之后随机分为两组(各组n=30),一组尾静脉注射HMGB1拮抗剂BoxA,即BoxA组;一组麻醉后进行尾静脉注射无菌磷酸盐(PBS),即Vehicle组。造模3 d后,对各组大鼠的临床指标以及病理生理参数(颅内压和脑脊液白细胞(WBC)计数)进行评估,使用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)法检测血清中HMGB1的相对含量,使用伊文思蓝染色观察血脑屏障(BBB)通透性,使用免疫荧光染色检测大脑皮层炎症因子(IL-1β和TNF-α)的表达水平。结果:相比Control组,Vehicle组临床指标,颅内压,WBC计数以及血清HMGB1含量明显提升(P0.05);而BoxA组相比Vehicle组,以上改变有部分减少(P0.05)。另外,Vehicle组较Control组EB渗漏增加且炎症因子(IL-1β和TNF-α)表达水平增高(P0.05)。与Vehicle组相比,BoxA组的这些变化亦被部分调节(P0.05)。结论:HMGB1抑制剂BoxA尾静脉注射能够下调HMGB1表达水平并同时缓解细菌性脑膜炎大鼠的临床症状和炎症反应。     

Analysis of correlation between blood biochemical indicators and bone mineral density of post-menopausal women

Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease of the skeletal system, and its major complication is fracture that severely influences the living quality of the middle-aged and the aged. The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of sex hormones and some biochemical indicators related to bone metabolism in the genesis and development of osteoporosis. The plasma samples were collected from 244 post-menopausal women of Xi’an urban area, and their plasma contents of testosterone, estradiol, calcitonin, osteocalcin and N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen were detected by ELISA. The activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was determined by spectrophotometric method, and the content of nitric oxide was measured by Griess method. Bone mineral density (BMD) in lumbar vertebrae (L1–L4) and hips was measured by QDR-2000 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The concentrations of the biochemical indicators were compared among the three groups (normal bone mass group, osteopenia group and osteoporosis group), and Pearson correlation analysis was used to verify the correlations between the indicators and BMD. The comparison results of blood biochemical indicators of BMD-based groups showed that the plasma contents of estradiol (P = 0.006), testosterone (P = 0.038) and calcitonin (P = 0.042) decreased more significantly in the osteoporosis group, but the content of osteocalcin (P = 0.008) increased significantly in osteoporosis group than those in the other groups. The correlation analysis between BMD of different parts and the blood biochemical indicators showed that there was a significant positive correlation between estradiol and the BMD of lumber vertebra (r = 0.200, P = 0.002), femoral neck (r = 0.160, P = 0.013), and great trochanter (r = 0.204, P = 0.001). Significant positive correlations between calcitonin and BMD of lumber vertebra (r = 0.166, P = 0.018) and femoral great trochanter (r = 0.152, P = 0.041), and between testosterone and BMD of femoral great trochanter (r = 0.158, P = 0.014) were also observed. In addition, there existed significant negative correlations between osteocalcin and BMD of lumber vertebra (r = −0.220, P = 0.001), femoral neck (r = −0.259, P < 0.000), and great trochanter (r = −0.221, P = 0.001), and between the activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and BMD of femoral great trochanter (r = −0.135, P = 0.037). The partial correlation analysis also showed that there were significant correlations between estradiol (r = 0.160, P = 0.014), calcitonin (r = 0.240, P = 0.013), osteocalcin (r = −0.226, P = 0.023) and BMD when the influence of age was excluded. The Pearson correlation analysis of biochemical indicators showed there were positive correlations between the contents of testosterone and calcitonin, testosterone and osteocalcin, calcitonin and osteocalcin, calcitonin and PINP, calcitonin and NO, osteocalcin and NO, and PINP and NO, but negative correlations between the contents of testosterone and PINP, estradiol and calcitonin, estradiol and osteocalcin, and estradiol and NO. The blood contents of sex hormones and calcitonin significantly influence BMD and osteoporosis development, and the increase of osteocalcin contents could be used as a biomarker to indicate the degree of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.     

三种显微技术对人毛囊蠕形螨的观察和研究

目的 采用荧光显微镜、扫描电镜和激光共聚焦显微镜对人体毛囊形蠕形螨进行形态学观察.方法 选用5 μg/mL碘化丙啶(propidine iodide,PI)对虫体进行荧光染色,避光染色15 min,分别置于荧光显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜下观察;2.5%戊二醛固定虫体标本,梯度酒精和叔丁醇脱水,金喷镀后扫描电镜观察.结果 荧光显微镜下碘化丙啶对虫体有很强的结合力,虫体荧光信号均匀展示于细胞表面,充分展现虫体形态,扫描电镜更加清楚、细致地展示人体毛囊型蠕形螨的超微结构,激光共聚焦显微镜将虫体分层扫描图片进行三维重建,真实、完全、直观地展露了虫体.结论 三种显微技术均可展示蠕形螨超微形态.PI对虫体有很好的荧光染色作用,使激光扫描共聚焦显微镜能够获得更加精准的超微形态结构,结合三维重建技术有着广泛的应用价值.     

白蜡绵粉蚧血细胞的显微形态与超微结构观察

为研究蚧虫血淋巴中血细胞的种类及其结构特征,本文采用荧光显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了白蜡绵粉蚧Phenacoccus fraxinus Tang(半翅目:蚧总科:粉蚧科)雌成虫血细胞的显微形态超微结构.结果显示,在荧光显微镜和扫描电镜下观察识别出白蜡绵粉蚧血淋巴中的5种血细胞,即原血胞、浆血胞、粒血胞、类绛色血胞和囊血胞.在透射电镜下,原血胞的细胞核明显,表现出高的细胞质密度;浆血胞最典型的特征是细胞质中有大量的囊泡;粒血胞的细胞质中有发达的粗面内质网和许多玫瑰形的细颗粒;类绛色血胞最典型的特征是有许多结晶,并在细胞质空泡区内分布更多;囊血胞透明性强,具有围核空间,膨大成潴泡状.     

纳米中药对小鼠肠道微生态失调的调整作用

本文研究了纳米中药及常态中药对肠道菌群失调小鼠的调整作用。经过组织病理学检查,肠道菌群和肝脏细菌易位检测发现,2种不同粒径的中药均能促进肠黏膜损伤修复,扶植正常菌群生长和控制细菌易位。但纳米中药用量小,且效果优于常态中药,从而节省了中药资源。     

雷珠单抗联合复方血栓通与单独雷珠单抗治疗渗出老年性黄斑变性的前瞻性随机对照试验研究

目的:探讨复方血栓通(cFXST)对玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗(IVR)治疗湿性老年性黄斑变性(wet-AMD)的辅助治疗作用。方法:纳入湿性老年性黄斑变性患者38例,以1:1的比例随机纳入Lucentis组(单独玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗,19例)和cFXST组(玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合复方血栓通,19例)。Lucentis组患者每月行玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗(IVR),共计3次;cFXST组患者除IVR外,每日口服cFXST。分别在基线、玻璃体腔注射Lucentis后1个月、3个月记录最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)影像上视网膜新生血干至色素上皮下厚度(CNV-PED)。结果:cFXST组CNV-PED厚度在1月和3月分别降低31.7%和36.1%,高于Lucentis组的19.7%(P=0.021)、24.2%(P=0.018)。3个月后,cFXST组BCVA变化(P=0.045)及视力提高显著的患者比例(16/16 vs 8/17,P=0.001)明显高于Lucentis组。结论:每日口服cFXST治疗可提高抗VEGF治疗老年wet-AMD的短期疗效。     

丹参多酚酸盐联合前列地尔治疗糖尿病肾病的效果

目的:探讨丹参多酚酸盐联合前列地尔治疗糖尿病肾病的效果。方法:选取2015年11月～2018年11月我院收治的糖尿病肾病患者114例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组。对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予前列地尔注射液,观察组在对照组的基础上给予丹参多酚酸盐注射液。比较两组患者的临床治疗效果、治疗前后肾功能、血糖水平、血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子1(s ICAM-1)及内皮素(ET-1)水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组治疗的总有效率为91.23%,显著高于对照组(73.68%,P0.05)。两组患者治疗后的血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、尿蛋白排泄率(UAER)、血清s ICAM-1及ET-1水平均较治疗前显著下降(P0.05),且观察组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前后及两组间的糖化血红蛋白(HbALc)及空腹血糖(FPG)水平比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。两组患者均未发生严重不良反应,轻微不良反应均经对症处理后好转,且不影响治疗。结论:丹参多酚酸盐联合前列地尔可显著改善糖尿病肾病患者的肾功能、提高临床治疗效果,且不影响血糖水平,可能与其显著降低患者血清s ICAM-1及ET-1水平有关。     

缺血预处理通过激活自噬保护肾缺血-再灌注损伤

目的:探讨缺血预处理对缺血-再灌注所致急性肾损伤的保护作用与可能机制。方法:将健康雄性SD大鼠18只随机分为三组:假手术组(Sham组)、肾缺血组(I/R组)、实验组,Sham组大鼠开腹后游离左侧肾蒂血管,不夹闭,观察60 min关闭腹部。I/R组大鼠开腹后切除右肾,左肾蒂血管分离,观察15 min后用无损伤动脉夹持续夹闭左肾蒂血管45 min后,关闭腹部,恢复左肾血流。实验组开腹后切除切除右肾,左肾蒂血管分离,行4个循环夹闭左肾蒂血管1 min/再灌注4 min预处理后,无损伤动脉持续夹闭45 min,关闭腹部,恢复左肾血流。比较各组大鼠术后尿素氮值(Burea nitrogen,BUN)与肌酐值(Serum creatinine,SCR)水平,肾组织病理学评分及微管相关蛋白轻链3(Microtubule-associated protein l light chain 3,LC3)和自噬基因Beclin-1的表达。结果:所有大鼠在实验过程无死亡。I/R组、实验组再灌注后4 h、24 h的BUN与SCr值显著高于Sham组(P0.05),肾脏组织病理学评分显著高于Sham组(P0.05),实验组以上指标均显著低于I/R组(P0.05);I/R组LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值、Beclin-1相对表达量显著高于Sham组(P0.05),实验组以上指标均显著低于I/R组(P0.05)。实验组大鼠再灌注后24h LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值、Beclin-1相对表达量与肾组织病理学评分、BUN、SCr值呈显著相关性(P0.05)。结论:缺血预处理可能通过激活自噬,减轻缺血-再灌注所致急性肾损伤,并改善肾功能。     

慢病毒载体沉默ADAMTS6人非小细胞肺癌稳转株的构建

目的:通过数据库预测ADAMTS6在非小细胞肺癌(Non-small-cell lung cancer,NSCLC)组织中的表达及其与NSCLC患者临床预后的关系,构建ADAMTS6的shRNA干扰载体并建立ADMATS6的NSCLC稳定敲减细胞株。方法:通过Oncomine数据库分析ADAMTS6在NSCLC组织和肺正常组织的表达差异,通过Kaplan-Meier Plotter数据库分析ADAMTS6的表达水平与临床NSCLC患者预后关系,设计合成ADAMTS6的shRNA干扰序列,shRNA模板退火并与双酶切pGLV3-GFP线性化载体连接,转化挑取阳性菌落后送测序。干扰质粒进行病毒包装并感染人NSCLC细胞株NCI-H358,使用嘌呤霉素进行稳定敲减细胞株筛选。荧光观察慢病毒感染细胞密度,通过qRT-PCR和Western blot检测ADAMTS6的mRNA和蛋白水平的敲减效果。结果:Oncomine数据库分析结果显示NSCLC组织中ADAMTS6 mRNA表达较正常肺组织显著升高(P0.001);Kaplan-Meier Plotter数据库分析结果显示高表达ADAMTS6的NSCLC患者预后较低表达ADAMTS6的NSCLC患者差(P0.05);pGLV3-GFP载体双酶切线性化后与shRNA退火模板连接成功,测序结果正确。荧光观察显示慢病毒感染细胞密度在95%左右,通过qRT-PCR和Western blot检测ADAMTS6慢病毒干扰质粒已成功敲减ADAMTS6的m RNA和蛋白水平。结论:ADAMTS6的高表达可能与NSCLC患者的不良临床预后密切相关。本研究构建了ADAMTS6的慢病毒感染质粒,并成功建立NCI-H358稳定敲减细胞株,为进一步研究ADAMTS6在NSCLC中的作用及机制奠定了基础。     

基于语义的疾病表型相似性

已知一种药物可用于治疗某疾病,则该药物可能对与该疾病具有相似表型的其他疾病有疗效。因此,大规模地计算疾病表型相似性可辅助发现的疾病新的治疗方法。我们从OMIM下载了3742种疾病的表型信息,从Mesh词库下载13721个关联解剖学和疾病症状的注释词。我们将以上的Mesh词逐一在3742种疾病的表型信息文本中搜索,得到每种疾病涉及的Mesh词汇列表,进而基于语义分析的方法系统地计算了疾病表型的两两相似性矩阵。我们发现疾病关联生物通路最多的有肿瘤生物通路,胰岛素信号通路,肥大心肌病通路和细胞粘附通路等。随疾病对表型相似度的增加,其更涉及相同KEGG生物通路的概率亦增加,证明了本文方法的可靠性。疾病表型相似性可作为疾病在基因水平相似性的补充,有望为药物发现研究提供一条新途径。