Untargeted metabolomics intends to objectively analyze a wide variety of compounds. Their diverse physicochemical properties make it difficult to choose an appropriate reconstitution solvent after sample evaporation without influencing the chromatography or hamper column sorbent integrity.
Objectives
The study aimed to identify the most appropriate reconstitution solvent for blood plasma samples in terms of feature recovery, four endogenous compounds, and one selected internal standard.
Methods
We investigated several reconstitution solvent mixtures containing acetonitrile and methanol to resolve human plasma extract and evaluated them concerning the peak areas of tryptophan-d5, glucose, creatinine, palmitic acid, and the phophatidylcholine PC(P-16:0/P-16:0), as well as the total feature count
Results
Results indicated that acetonitrile containing 30% methanol was best suited to match all tested criteria at least for human blood plasma samples.
Conclusion
Despite identifying the mixture of acetonitrile and methanol being suitable as solvent for human blood plasma extracts, we recommend to systematically test for an appropriate reconstitution solvent for each analyzed biomatrix.
The photoelectrochemical performance of the WO3 photoanode is limited by the severe charge recombination in the bulk phase and at the WO3/electrolyte interface. Herein, In2S3 nanosheets are integrated onto the surface of the WO3 nanowall array photoanode, followed by a facile polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution treatment. The PVP treatment results in sulfur vacancies and a gradient oxygen doping into In2S3 from surface to interior, which induces the formation of a gradient energy band distribution. The gradient band structured In2S3 and type II band alignment at the WO3/In2S3 interface simultaneously create a channel that favors photogenerated electrons to migrate from the surface to the conductive substrate, thereby suppressing bulk carrier recombination. Meanwhile, the sulfur vacancies and oxygen doping contribute to increased charge carrier concentration, prolonged carrier lifetime, more active sites, and small interfacial transfer impedance. As a consequence, the PVP treated WO3/In2S3 heterostructure photoanode exhibits a significantly enhanced photocurrent of 1.61 mA cm?2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and negative onset potential of 0.02 V versus RHE. 相似文献
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