New archisargids from China (Insecta: Diptera)

The extinct family Archisargidae, which was rich in the Mesozoic, has been found in China, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. By now, six genera and 14 species have been found in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning Province of China. In this paper, two new species of the genus Mesosolva Hong, 1983 and a new genus Brevisolva gen. nov., represented by a new species belonging to the Archisargidae, are described from the Middle Jurassic deposits of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia. A key to the species of Mesosolva is given.     

Turnover of labile and recalcitrant soil carbon differ in response to nitrate and ammonium deposition in an ombrotrophic peatland

The effects of 4 years of simulated nitrogen deposition, as nitrate (NO₃^?) and ammonium (NH₄⁺), on microbial carbon turnover were studied in an ombrotrophic peatland. We investigated the mineralization of simple forms of carbon using MicroResp^? measurements (a multiple substrate induced respiration technique) and the activities of four soil enzymes involved in the decomposition of more complex forms of carbon or in nutrient acquisition: N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase (NAG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), acid phosphatase (AP), and phenol oxidase (PO). The potential mineralization of labile forms of carbon was significantly enhanced at the higher N additions, especially with NH₄⁺ amendments, while potential enzyme activities involved in breakdown of more complex forms of carbon or nutrient acquisition decreased slightly (NAG and CBH) or remained unchanged (AP and PO) with N amendments. This study also showed the importance of distinguishing between NO₃^? and NH₄⁺ amendments, as their impact often differed. It is possible that the limited response on potential extracellular enzyme activity is due to other factors, such as limited exposure to the added N in the deeper soil or continued suboptimal functioning of the enzymes due to the low pH, possibly via the inhibitory effect of low phenol oxidase activity.     

Polo-like kinase 4 kinase activity limits centrosome overduplication by autoregulating its own stability

Accurate control of the number of centrosomes, the major microtubule-organizing centers of animal cells, is critical for the maintenance of genome integrity. Abnormalities in centrosome number can promote errors in spindle formation that lead to subsequent chromosome missegregation, and extra centrosomes are found in many cancers. Centrosomes are comprised of a pair of centrioles surrounded by amorphous pericentriolar material, and centrosome duplication is controlled by centriole replication. Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) plays a key role in initiating centriole duplication, and overexpression of Plk4 promotes centriole overduplication and the formation of extra centrosomes. Using chemical genetics, we show that kinase-active Plk4 is inherently unstable and targeted for degradation. Plk4 is shown to multiply self-phosphorylate within a 24–amino acid phosphodegron. Phosphorylation of multiple sites is required for Plk4 instability, indicating a requirement for a threshold level of Plk4 kinase activity to promote its own destruction. We propose that kinase-mediated, autoregulated instability of Plk4 self-limits Plk4 activity so as to prevent centrosome amplification.     

中国大陆一新记录属——雅致孢属Elegantimyces(英文)

描述了暗色丝孢真菌一中国大陆新记录属——雅致孢属(Elegantimyces),其中拟葚孢雅致孢(Elegan-timyces sporidesmiopsis)在中国大陆首次报道。该种菌采集自海南霸王岭热带森林地表枯枝表层,根据采集材料对其进行了详细的形态描述和显微照相。研究标本保存于山东农业大学植物病理标本室(HSAUP)。     

五味子根内生真菌的分离及其抑菌活性的研究

采用组织块分离方法对五味子根内生真菌进行分离鉴定,并以人参疫病病菌[Phytophthora cactorum(Leb.et Coh.)Schroet.]、人参黑斑病病菌(Alternaria panax Whetz.)为供试病原菌对分离的内生真菌进行了抑菌活性筛选。试验共分离得到74株内生真菌,根据形态特征鉴定出33株,分别隶属于半知菌亚门丛梗孢科的轮枝孢属(Verticillium)、柱隔孢属(Ramularia)和瘤座孢科的镰刀菌属(Fusarium)。通过抑菌试验筛选出5个内生真菌有抑制作用,其中3个内生真菌的发酵产物、乙醇提取液对2种病原菌均有一定的抑菌活性。     

几种不同基质对阿萨希毛孢子菌形成生物膜影响的初步观察

目的观察不同基质对阿萨希毛孢子菌生物膜形成能力的影响。方法在聚芳脂、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯上构建阿萨希毛孢子菌生物膜,在生物膜形成过程中采用XTT法对其活性进行定量分析,倒置显微镜和扫描电镜下观察不同基质上阿萨希毛孢子菌生物膜形态特征。结果 3种基质上均能形成阿萨希毛孢子菌生物膜,且形成广泛的的生物膜。比较成熟期不同基质上形成生物膜的活性有差别(F=14.743,P0.01),活性由高到低为聚芳脂=聚氯乙烯聚苯乙烯。倒置显微镜和扫描电镜下观察发现聚芳脂、聚氯乙烯形成的生物膜可见孢子、菌丝、假菌丝结构,聚苯乙烯上形成以孢子为主要结构的微生物群落。结论阿萨希毛孢子菌可在聚芳脂、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯上形成生物膜,但形成生物膜的能力不同。聚芳脂、聚氯乙烯比聚苯乙烯更易于真菌的黏附;且以菌丝、假菌丝为主要结构的微生物群落活力比单纯孢子的活力强。     

具有中空贯通管结构的磷酸钙骨水泥的制备研究

目前,磷酸钙骨水泥因其具有优良的生物性能已被广泛用于骨组织工程,但它自固化后只是形成具有微孔和封闭气孔的致密块体,其孔径尺寸和连通性仍远达不到骨组织工程的最佳要求.本研究采用α-TCP为原料,以过氧化氢作为发泡剂,使用模具插针法制得一种具有大孔径和中空管的多孔磷酸钙骨水泥材料.孔径达到900μm,孔隙率为50.67%,抗折强度达到5.84MPa.通过扫描电镜照片观察和分析微观结构.结果表明,通过这种方法可以制得具有理想孔径尺寸和连通性的多孔磷酸钙骨水泥,可以说,这为制备用于骨组织工程的多孔磷酸钙骨水泥创造了一种新的方法.     

膝关节功能练习对退变性骨关节炎的治疗意义

目的:探讨膝关节功能练习对老年骨关节炎的的治疗意义,分析其治疗效果.方法:随访分析251例膝关节骨关节炎的病人,所有病人均进行膝关节功能练习的指导,根据病人复查时是否进行了严格的功能练系情况进行分为系统训练的A组和不系统训练的B组,根据Kellegen-Lawrence关节炎的分期分为A0、A1、A2、A3和B0、B1、B2、B3组.各组内根据病人是否应用玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射再分为亚组,如A1.1,A1.2.一年治疗结束后根据HSS和VAS评分对比不同组别膝关节功能情况.结果:A组在不同时间段的随访评分均优于B组.应用关节腔内注射的A1.1组在各期的临床效果均优于A1.2组.应用关节腔内注射的B2.1组在一个月和三个月的临床效果优于B2.2组,但在6个月、12个月无明显差别.其他各亚组由于既能坚持严格功能练习,有能完成关节腔内玻璃酸钠注射病例均小于10例,没有进行统计学分析.但仅从直接数据来看,能配合系统的功能练习且进行足疗程玻璃酸钠注射的病例近期和远期的HSS和VAS评分效果更好.结论:系统的膝关节功能练习能明显提高膝关节功能,特别是对Kellegen-Lawrence分期1～2期患者疗效更好.如能同时进行足疗程的玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射,则效果更好.     

肿瘤低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白(即LRP1B)在急性白血病中的表达

目的:研究肿瘤低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白(Lipoprotein receptor-related protein in tumor LRP1B)在急性白血病中的表达情况.方法:病例组采集36例临床初诊为急性白血病患者的骨髓,淋巴细胞分离液分离出单个核细胞,常规方法提取细胞总RNA后逆转录为cDNA,LRP1B特异性引物PCR扩增cDNA第一链,并将扩增产物纯化后测序.采集10例感染性骨髓标本作为正常对照组.结果:LRP1B基因在急性白血病中有表达,36例样本中16例有PCR扩增产物,产物经纯化测序后未发现有外显子的缺失及重复等改变.在10例正常对照中8例有扩增产物.病例组与对照组比较LRP1B基因表达率及相对表达水平明显降低(p值<0.05).结论:LRP1B作为一个候选的肿瘤抑制基因,在多种肿瘤中发挥重要作用,但是在白血病中的表达情况尚无报道.本实验证实了该基因在血液系统中有表达,但是在白血病中未发现该基因常见的外显子缺失及重复等情况发生.但证实在白血病中该基因表达水平较正常对照组明显减低,提示该基因与急性白血病的发病相关.为深入研究该基因在白血病中所发挥的作用奠定了基础.从而为肿瘤的基因诊断及治疗提供了部分实验室依据.     

哈萨克族原发性高血压患者血浆CGRP水平及其相关性研究

目的:探讨血浆降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)水平与新疆哈萨克族(哈族)原发性高血压病患者血压、血脂、血糖、肥胖等的相关性。方法:选取新疆哈族原发性高血压患者52例为观察组,哈族健康对照组48例,测量血压(BP)、身高、体重、腰围(WC)、臀围(HC),抽取空腹静脉血测定血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),计算体重指数(BMI)腰臀比(WHR)。结果:①原发性高血压组血浆CGRP水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p<0.01);②原发性高血压组血浆CGRP水平与SBP、LDL-C和TG呈显著负相关(p<0.01);对照组血浆CGRP水平与SBP和LDL-C呈显著负相关(p<0.01)。结论:哈族原发性高血压患者血浆CGRP水平与血压、血脂存在相关性。