人体小卫星DNA探针的制备

根据人体小卫星DNA核心顺序,化学合成长23碱基寡核苷酸探针,筛选人体基因组文库,旨在获得能用作遗传分析探针的小卫星顺序。结果得到15个含小卫星的阳性重组子。随机取其一(C_(35.9))作探针,试做群体分析。所有个体均可检出多条杂交带。其中某些带具有多态性。在一定检测条件下,检出的DNA图谱在有限的个体内具有个体特异性。结果表明筛选文库得到的小卫星顺序可用于小卫星多态性的检测。其它小卫星探针的筛选和应用性研究正在进行。     

鹅观草与大麦属间杂种的形态和细胞遗传学研究

用活体/离体幼胚培养法成功地获得了鹅观草(Roegneria kamooji,2n=12,SSHHYY)与大麦(Hordeum vulgare,2n=14,11)间的属间杂种。杂交结实率为31.4％,胚培成苗率60.9％。杂种表现一年生,具有很强的生活力,形态上偏向鹅观草。F_1自交不孕,用大麦回交亦不结实。杂种具有预期的2n=28(SHYI)条染色体,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ平均形成26.38个单价体,0.67个棒状二价体,0.12个环状二价体和0.02个三价体。本文对双亲染色体组间的同源性以及在大麦育种中利用鹅观草种质的可能性进行了讨论。     

盐肤木上四种倍蚜主要生物学特性和预测的研究

本文报道1983—1986年作者在四川省绵竹、成都、夹江、涪陵和南川等县(市)境内,海拔500～1500米范围内,对寄生在盐肤木上的角倍蚜,倍蛋蚜,倍花蚜和红倍花蚜等四种主要倍蚜春迁蚜羽化迁飞期、干母营瘿期、倍子生长进程和瘿内倍蚜的生殖数量与世代数以及干母营瘿的寄主物候等的观察测定结果,并建立预测方程,为引移挂放和适宜采倍期的确定提供科学依据。     

镉对雄性小鼠生精细胞的影响

为了研究镉对小鼠生殖力和生精细胞的作用,本文对氯化镉处理后的雄性小鼠进行了交配实验,以观察其对怀孕率、每窝产仔数及子代性比的影响。测定比较了注射镉后,小鼠成熟精子的总LDH酶和LDH-X酶的活性;还用双向电泳方法分析了成熟精子的蛋白质变化。结果表明,处理组在怀孕率、每窝产仔数及子代性比方面无统计学意义的差异。成熟精子的总LDH活性经镉处理后未发现明显变化,但镉能显著地抑制与精子运动的能量有关的LDH-X酶的活性。双向电泳图谱表示,镉处理后,精子中含量较少的三组蛋白质或消失不见,或发生明显变化。     

应用蛋白印迹法检测鼻咽癌病人血清中抗Epstein—Barr病毒IgA/EA抗体

曾毅等建立了一系列检测EB病毒IgA/VCA和IgA/EA抗体的鼻咽癌早期诊断方法,取得了满意的结果。为了进一步提高对鼻咽癌诊断更为特异的IgA/EA抗体的检出率,我们建立了检测EB病毒IgA/EA抗体的蛋白印迹法。方法敏感特异,结果令人满意。 本法中所用的两个质粒系由本实验室与西德Pettenkofer研究所Wolf教授的实验室合作构建。pUCARG1140和pUC9MBcE3.2质粒均为表达质粒,前者携带着来源于EB病毒Bam     

单克隆抗体对肾综合征出血热病毒50k蛋白的分析

用18株抗肾综合征出血热(Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,以下简称HFRS)病毒McAb,以Western-blot技术分析了纯化的该病毒50k蛋白。结果有7株McAb可与该蛋白反应。这7株McAb的特性(包括感染细胞膜抗原免疫荧光染色模式、中和活性及HI活性等)亦各不相同,提示它们所针对的抗原决定簇的特性也不同。用ELISA阻断试验等证明,上述7株McAb中,有5株所针对的抗原决定簇之间有部分相同或重叠,提示这些具有不同特性的抗原决定簇确实位于同一结构蛋白上。分析结果表明,该50k蛋白的特性及结构均较复杂,尚须进一步研究。     

纸坊病病毒病因的研究

1985年4～10月与1986年6～8月,在贵州省沿河县的纸坊村和崔家坨村先后发生了病因不明的传染病。纸坊村约有1/5的村民发病,病死率为12％,崔家坨村有1/10的村民发病,病死率高达30％。发病波及各年龄组,以青壮年为多,有家庭集聚现象。 本病起病急,轻症者只有头晕、乏力、肌痛、多汗、心悸伴以低热,有的初期有短暂的腹泻。重症者有高热(40℃以上)、大汗、心悸、游走性肌肉痉挛伴有明显疼痛和触痛,以腰骶部及四肢肌肉为好发部位。病人烦燥不安,2～5天内死亡。经实验室检查,排除了食物中毒、农药中毒、钩端螺旋体病和弓形体感染。从病人和接触者的粪便中分离到9株病毒,性状一致,为RNA型25nm的球形颗粒,耐酸,耐乙醚,能凝集人“O”型血球。经血清学鉴定为ECHO3型病毒。16份病人双份血清的检测结果表明,恢复期血清对该病毒中和抗体有4倍以上升高者共8例(纸坊村和崔家坨各4例)。病人单份血清也都有较高的抗体。有理由认为两年中先后在两个村庄发生的传染病与ECHO3型病毒有密切关系。查阅文献,尚未见有关ECHO3型病毒引起以肌痛、游走性肌痉挛为特征的疾病的报道。     

马铃薯Y病毒外壳蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

本文报道应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术,在体外扩增马铃薯 Y 病毒外壳蛋白基因及其克隆和序列分析的结果。病毒 RNA 从马铃薯 Y 病毒感染的烟草叶片中提取,用合成的PCR 3引物及 AMV 逆转录酶合成了单链的 cDNA。利用 PCR 技术,经30个循玎的扩增。得到了一特异的0.8kb 片段。克隆后对此片段进行了限制性内切酶物理图谱分析,并测定了其全序列。实验结果证明,我们克隆到的是完整的马铃薯 Y 病毒的外壳蛋白基因。与国外报道的马铃薯 Y 病毒 N 株相比,其核苷酸序列及推测的氨基酸序列的同源率分别为97.8%和97%。将该基因导入马铃薯以期获得抗 Y 病毒马铃薯的工作正在进行。本文还对 PCR 技术用于扩增植物 RNA 病毒的方法以及用基因工程方法培育抗病毒作物新品种的可行性等进行了讨论。     

Ammonium and nitrate uptake by barley genotypes in diurnally fluctuating root temperatures simulating till and no-till conditions

The morphological development and N uptake patterns of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes of Northern European (Nordic) and Pacific Northwest US (PNW) origin were compared under two diurnally fluctuating root temperature regimes in solution culture. The two regimes, 15/5°C and 9/5°C day maximum/night minimum temperatures, simulated soil temperature differences between tilled vs. heavy-residue, no-till conditions, respectively, observed during early spring in eastern Washington. Previous field experiments indicated that some of the Nordic genotypes accumulated more N and dry matter than the PNW cultivars during early spring under no-till conditions. The objective of this experiment was to determined whether these differences 1) are dependent on the temperature of the rooting environment, and 2) are correlated with genotypic differences in NH₄ ⁺ and NO₃ ^– uptake. Overall, shoot N and dry matter accumulation was reduced by 40% due to lower root temperatures during illumination. Leaf emergence was slowed by 14 to 22%, and tiller production was also inhibited. All genotypes absorbed more ammonium than nitrate from equimolar solutions, and the proportion of total N absorbed as NH₄ ⁺ was slightly higher in the 9/5°C than the 15/5°C regime. A Finnish genotype, HJA80201, accumulated significantly more shoot N than the PNW cultivars, Clark and Steptoe, and also more than a Swedish cultivar, Pernilla, in the 9/5°C regime. In the 15/5°C regime Steptoe did not differ in shoot N from the Nordic genotypes, while Clark remained significantly lower. These differences were not correlated to relative propensity for N form. Root lengths of the Nordic genotypes were significantly greater than the PNW genotypes grown under the 9/5°C regime, while the root lengths in the warmer root temperture regime were not significantly different among genotypes. Higher root elongation rates under low soil temperature conditions may be an inherent adaptive mechanism of the Nordic genotypes. Overall, the data indicate that lower maximum daytime temperatures of the soil surface layer likely account for a significant portion of the growth reductions and lower N uptake observed in no-till systems.     

Triterpenoid glycosides from the bark of Mimosa tenuiflora.

Two new saponins were isolated from Mimosa tenuiflora and their structures established as 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----3]-(alp ha-L- arabinopyranosyl-(1----4]-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1----2)]-[beta-D- xylopyranosyl-(1----4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyrano syl oleanolic acid and 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----3]-(al pha- L-arabinopyranosyl-(1----4]beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1----2)]-[beta-D- xylopyranosyl-(1----4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl) oleanolic acid.