溶藻弧菌群体基因组学研究

溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)是一种能够对人类以及鱼、虾、贝类等水产品致病的弧菌,给人类健康带来威胁,也给水产养殖业造成巨大的经济损失。目前该物种基于全基因组的遗传多样性和重要遗传元件研究报道较少。本研究对采集自全国4个省份的68株溶藻弧菌进行高通量测序,获得全基因组序列,并结合113株公开发表的全球序列数据,利用fineSTRUCTURE软件、VFDB毒力因子库和CARD、ResFinder耐药数据库,对溶藻弧菌的种群结构和毒力、耐药因子分别进行解析。结果表明:溶藻弧菌可分为谱系1和谱系2。两个谱系在美洲和亚洲均有分布,但欧洲仅分离到谱系1菌株;共鉴定发现12个克隆群,其中一个克隆群内菌株存在跨洋传播现象。该物种携带tlh、OmpU、IlpA等多种不同功能的毒力因子;毒力因子在两个谱系间的分布无特异性,但存在地域间差异:其中欧洲菌株携带VP1611、vcrD、vopD和fleR/flrC的比率低于其他地区,而基因IlpA的携带率则明显高于其他地区,我国广西菌株中fleR/flrC基因携带率低于其他省份,且不携带IlpA。多个基因组携带blaCARB-42、tet(34)、tet(35)、parE、CRP、rsmA、TxR和fos等与多种抗生素耐受相关的基因,其中TxR和fos基因在谱系2中的出现频率远高于谱系1;此外,TxR基因在亚洲菌株中的携带率高于美洲和欧洲地区,而在我国四川菌株中的携带率则低于其他省份。在5个基因组中(VA24、VA28、2014V-1011、ZJ-T和Vb1833)观察到质粒或ICE等携带多种耐药基因的大片段。本研究通过群体基因组学的研究方法,揭示了溶藻弧菌的种群结构组成和毒力、耐药相关元件的分布,为进一步了解溶藻弧菌的遗传特征和致病机制提供必要基础,为该病原的监测、预防和控制工作提供科学支撑。     

The involvement of bioactive factors in the self-renewal and stemness maintenance of spermatogonial stem cells

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - Spermatogenesis is usually accompanied throughout mammalian lifetime, transmitting genetic information to the next generation, which is mainly dependent on the...     

GINS2 was regulated by lncRNA XIST/miR-23a-3p to mediate proliferation and apoptosis in A375 cells

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - Melanoma ranks second in aggressive tumors, and the occurrence of metastasis in melanoma results in a persistent drop in the survival rate of patients....     

Synergistic anticancer effect of docosahexaenoic acid and isoliquiritigenin on human colorectal cancer cells through ROS-mediated regulation of the JNK and cytochrome c release

Molecular Biology Reports - A large body of research has demonstrated a synergistic anticancer effect between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and standard chemotherapy regimens against colorectal cancer...     

长足大竹象消化道不同分段菌群异质性及竹木质纤维素降解能力

【目的】长足大竹象Cyrtotrachelus buqueti消化道共生菌群参与了竹纤维素的降解。本研究旨在揭示长足大竹象幼虫消化道不同分段共生菌群异质性及木质纤维素的降解能力。【方法】通过对16S rRNA测序对长足大竹象幼虫消化道分段口器(YB)、前肠(YFG)、中肠(YMG)和后肠(YHG)进行菌群组成分析及功能预测;分析各消化道分段核心属细菌基因组中碳水化合物活性酶(carbohydrate active enzyme, CAZy)基因,预测木质纤维素降解能力;应用口器混合菌(MPJ)、前肠混合菌(FJ)、中肠混合菌(MJ)和后肠混合菌(HJ)悬液体外降解竹笋粉,检测共生菌群的木质纤维素的降解能力。【结果】长足大竹象幼虫消化道菌群多样性分析显示,YFG, YMG和YHG的菌群多样性大于YB,YFG的菌群物种多样性最高,而YB最低。YFG, YMG和YHG样本中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度最高,而YB中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)相对丰度最高。核心属细菌基因组CAZy基因分析表明长足大竹象幼虫消化道中大多数细菌基因组中存在丰富的CAZy基因,且在拟杆菌属Bacteroides细菌基因组中尤为明显,预示其与木质纤维素的降解密切相关。体外降解竹笋粉实验结果表明,长足大竹象幼虫MPJ, FJ, MJ和HJ对竹笋粉纤维素的降解率分别为21.7%, 39.9%, 44.2%和21.0%,对半纤维素降解率分别为72.7%, 52.3%, 65.7%和61.5%,对木质素降解率分别为20.5%, 41.3%, 39.9%和37.9%。【结论】长足大竹象幼虫的消化道菌群的异质性可以影响木质纤维素降解能力,因而这些菌群可以作为分离高效木质纤维素降解菌的重要来源之一。本研究为竹生物质的工业转化利用提供部分参考信息。     

昆虫钠离子通道的研究进展

昆虫只有一个或两个电压门控钠离子通道α亚基基因,但两种转录后修饰(选择性剪切和RNA编辑)实现了昆虫钠离子通道的功能多样性。昆虫β辅助亚基TipE和TEH1-4在钠离子通道表达和调控中也起着重要作用。电压门控钠离子通道在动作电位的产生和传递中至关重要,是多种天然和人工合成神经毒素及杀虫剂的作用靶标,包括广泛使用的拟除虫菊酯类、茚虫威和氰氟虫腙等杀虫剂。其中,拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂通过调控昆虫钠离子通道的失活和去激活,延长跨膜钠离子流的时间,引起神经兴奋性传导障碍;茚虫威和氰氟虫腙阻断昆虫中枢和外周神经系统神经元的动作电位传导,这些神经毒剂都能干扰昆虫钠离子通道的正常功能。昆虫钠离子通道一般存在两个拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂结合位点,但不同物种钠离子通道与拟除虫菊酯的结合位点存在一定差异。据此,本文就昆虫钠离子通道及其与杀虫剂的相互作用加以综述,有望推动昆虫神经受体研究,且对鉴定昆虫抗药性相关突变位点和研发高效的杀虫剂均具有重要参考价值。     

Offspring performance and female preference of Pagiophloeus tsushimanus (coleoptera: curculionidae) on three Lauraceae tree species: A potential risk of host shift caused by larval experience

The weevil Pagiophloeus tsushimanus Morimoto (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), native to Eastern Asia, is a wood-boring pest that causes severe damage to camphor trees (Cinnamomum sp.) in Shanghai, China. Other Lauraceae tree species that grew sympatrically with this pest in close proximity could face a potential threat. To assess the potential risks of host shift, we explored the phenotypic associations between preference and performance in P. tsushimanus reared on three Lauraceae tree species. In a no-choice experiment offering branches of each plant as diet material and oviposition sites, we found that individuals reared on Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl (Laurales: Lauraceae) exhibited the strongest performance with shorter development time, higher survival and growth rate in the immature stage, longer longevity and greater fecundity in adults. In contrast, those on novel Lauraceae tree species (Cinnamomum chekiangensis Nakai and Phoebe chekiangensis Shang) had difficulty completing their whole life cycle due to significantly lower survival and reproduction. In a multiple-choice experiment, C. camphora was established as the preferred host. However, we found that the larval experiences on the non-preferred host plants contributed to an increased preference for that plant species. These results indicated that both the preference-performance hypothesis and the Hopkins’ host selection principle are applicable in this weevil under experimental conditions. It is possible that although the weevil performed poorly on two novel Lauraceae tree species, under favourable conditions their surviving offspring could evolve into a new host-specific population. Consequently, this weevil pest needs to be monitored on these novel Lauraceae tree species.     

Transient characteristics of universal cells on human‐induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated cells derived from foetal stem cells with mixed donor sources

IntroductionIt is important to prepare ‘hypoimmunogenic’ or ‘universal’ human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with gene‐editing technology by knocking out or in immune‐related genes, because only a few hypoimmunogenic or universal hPSC lines would be sufficient to store for their off‐the‐shelf use. However, these hypoimmunogenic or universal hPSCs prepared previously were all genetically edited, which makes laborious processes to check and evaluate no abnormal gene editing of hPSCs.MethodsUniversal human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were generated without gene editing, which were reprogrammed from foetal stem cells (human amniotic fluid stem cells) with mixing 2‐5 allogenic donors but not with single donor. We evaluated human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐expressing class Ia and class II of our hiPSCs and their differentiated cells into embryoid bodies, cardiomyocytes and mesenchymal stem cells. We further evaluated immunogenic response of transient universal hiPSCs with allogenic mononuclear cells from survival rate and cytokine production, which were generated by the cells due to immunogenic reactions.ResultsOur universal hiPSCs during passages 10‐25 did not have immunogenic reaction from allogenic mononuclear cells even after differentiation into cardiomyocytes, embryoid bodies and mesenchymal stem cells. Furthermore, the cells including the differentiated cells did not express HLA class Ia and class II. Cardiomyocytes differentiated from transient universal hiPSCs at passage 21‐22 survived and continued beating even after treatment with allogenic mononuclear cells.     

河西走廊植被净初级生产力时空变化及其影响因子研究

干旱半干旱区植被NPP变化对全球碳循环有重要影响,该区域NPP对气候变化的响应表现出较大的时空异质性,其驱动机制并不十分清楚。选择中国河西走廊,利用随机森林算法估算了2002-2018年的NPP,基于偏导数法计算了气候与人类活动对NPP的影响。结果表明：（1）随机森林算法能较好的适用于干旱半干旱区NPP估算。（2）2002-2018年间河西走廊年NPP的平均值为153.32 gC m^-2 a^-1,总量为37.468 Tg C/a,呈东南向西北递减的分布特征,研究期间NPP呈2.37 gC m^-2 a^-1（P=0.09）增长趋势。（3）河西走廊NPP变化52.51%由气候因子贡献,47.49%由人类活动贡献。（4）在气候变化对NPP的影响中,降水主导了该区72.21%的区域,温度对NPP变化量的贡献占73.71%,前者影响着NPP变化格局,后者主导NPP变化数量。升温和增湿均有利于该区NPP增加,随着西北地区气候暖湿化,河西走廊植被会持续改善,该研究有助于理解干旱半干旱区NPP对气候变化的响应机制,为适应气候变化政策制定提供理论依据。     

基于生态系统服务重要性和生态敏感性的广东省生态安全格局构建

生态空间结构合理有序是区域赖以生存和发展的基础和保障,构建省域生态安全格局,优化生态空间结构,有利于提高生态环境的承载力并促进社会经济与生态环境的协同互惠关系,实现可持续发展。以广东省为例,通过重要性-敏感性的生态评估方法识别广东省重要的生态源地,使用最小阻力模型识别重要生态廊道,构建生态安全格局,并对生态空间结构的调整和管控提出策略。结果表明：（1）重要的生态源地面积为54636.77 km²,占广东省国土面积的25.04%;（2）研究所识别的生态源地与广东省生态红线和自然保护地的重合程度较高,在自然保护地和生态源地的基础上共选出87处重要生态源地;（3）广东省生态廊道的总长度为7400 km,廊道周边的主要以林地为主;（4）广东省的生态空间主要以环珠三角生态屏障和外围生态屏障为主,其中环珠三角生态屏障的面积、生态重要性略高于北部生态屏障。所构建的生态安全格局可以为广东省的生态安全保护和可持续发展提供参考,也可以为完整生态保护体系的构建提供政策导向。