基于生态系统服务重要性和生态敏感性的广东省生态安全格局构建

生态空间结构合理有序是区域赖以生存和发展的基础和保障，构建省域生态安全格局，优化生态空间结构，有利于提高生态环境的承载力并促进社会经济与生态环境的协同互惠关系，实现可持续发展。以广东省为例，通过重要性-敏感性的生态评估方法识别广东省重要的生态源地，使用最小阻力模型识别重要生态廊道，构建生态安全格局，并对生态空间结构的调整和管控提出策略。结果表明：（1）重要的生态源地面积为54636.77 km²，占广东省国土面积的25.04%；（2）研究所识别的生态源地与广东省生态红线和自然保护地的重合程度较高，在自然保护地和生态源地的基础上共选出87处重要生态源地；（3）广东省生态廊道的总长度为7400 km，廊道周边的主要以林地为主；（4）广东省的生态空间主要以环珠三角生态屏障和外围生态屏障为主，其中环珠三角生态屏障的面积、生态重要性略高于北部生态屏障。所构建的生态安全格局可以为广东省的生态安全保护和可持续发展提供参考，也可以为完整生态保护体系的构建提供政策导向。

Constructing ecological security patterns based on ecological service importance and ecological sensitivity in Guangdong Province

The reasonable, orderly structure of ecological space is a guarantee for the survival and development of the region. The construction of provincially ecological security pattern and the optimization of ecological space structure are conducive to improving the carrying capacity of ecological environment, promoting the cooperative and reciprocal relationship between social economy and ecological environment to achieve sustainable development. Taking Guangdong Province as an example, this paper identifies the important ecological sources of Guangdong Province by means of the importance-sensitivity ecological assessment method, identifies the important ecological corridors by using the minimal cumulative resistance (MCR) model, constructs the ecological security pattern, and puts forward strategies for the adjustment and control of the ecologically spatial structure. The results showed that: (1) the area of important ecological source was 54636.77 km², accounting for 25.04% of the land area of Guangdong Province. (2) The ecological sources identified by the institute were highly coincident with the ecological protection red line and natural protection area in Guangdong Province. Eight-seven important ecological sources were selected based on the natural protection area and ecological sources. (3) The total length of ecological corridor in Guangdong Province was 7400 kilometers, and surrounding area of the corridor was mainly woodland. (4) The ecological space of Guangdong Province was mainly surrounded by the ecological barrier around the Pearl River Delta and the peripheral ecological barrier. The area and ecological importance of the ecological barrier around the Pearl River Delta were slightly higher than the peripheral ecological barrier. This research will help protect the key ecological space, and provide a reference for policy-making in order to improve the sustainable development of Guangdong Province.