CVTree在454高通量测序分析菌群结构中的应用

目的探究将基于短串频度的CVTree方法用于反映菌群结构的16S rRNA基因的454高通量测序数据分析的可行性,为快速分析高通量菌群结构数据提供新的方法。方法对一个四世同堂的中国家庭7名成员肠道菌群和不同基因型及饮食类型的小鼠肠道菌群用454高通量方法获得16S rRNA基因的V3区的测序数据,用CVTree的方法进行菌群结构的比较分析。结果通过选取合适的短串长度,CVTree的方法能准确检测到各样本间的聚类关系,其结果与之前文献报道的基于Unifrac算法的结果相一致。结论CVTree能快速、有效地处理16S rRNA基因的454高通量测序数据,实现对不同菌群结构相似性的比较分析。     

猫丘系层Glu与GABA表达的年龄相关性变化

为探讨青年猫和老年猫丘系层谷氨酸（Glu）与γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）表达的年龄相关性变化,利用Nissl染色显示丘系层神经元,免疫组织化学ABC法标记Glu和GABA免疫阳性神经元。光镜下观察、拍照,对Glu和GABA能免疫阳性神经元分别计数并换算成密度。利用IPE软件测量Glu和GABA免疫阳性反应灰度值（免疫阳性强度与灰度值成反比）。结果显示,Glu和GABA阳性反应神经元、阳性纤维及其终末在青年猫及老年猫丘系层均有分布。与青年猫相比,老年猫丘系层Glu能免疫阳性神经元密度显著增大（p〈0.01）,免疫阳性反应灰度值显著降低（p〈0.01）,免疫阳性反应显著增强;GABA能免疫阳性神经元密度显著下降（p〈0.01）,免疫阳性反应灰度值显著升高（p〈0.01）,免疫阳性反应显著减弱。结果提示,衰老过程中猫丘系层Glu的表达增强和GABA的表达减弱导致兴奋性神经递质和抑制性神经递质之间的平衡失调,可能是视觉、听觉、躯体感觉等单感觉功能衰退及多感觉整合功能增强的主要原因之一。     

陕西秦岭半仓山蝎蛉的生物学观察

2004~2005年,在陕西省南部米仓山黎坪国家森林公园研究了秦岭蝎蛉Panorpa qinlingensisChouetRan的年生活史和生物学习性,通过饲养,成功获得卵、幼虫、蛹等虫态。结果表明,秦岭蝎蛉在米仓山1年发生2代,以预蛹在土室里越冬,5月中旬始见越冬代成虫,5月中旬末~6月上旬为越冬代成虫羽化盛期,7月下旬~8月中旬为第1代成虫羽化盛期,成虫在室内可存活35~60 d。羽化近1周后开始交尾,交尾4~8 d后开始产卵,单雌产卵量35~180粒,卵期5~9 d;幼虫型,共4龄,历期38~50d;蛹为强颚离蛹,蛹期8~18 d。记述了主要生物学习性。     

核移植与线粒体

线粒体是哺乳动物的产能、供能细胞器,与生长、发育、衰老和凋亡等多种细胞事件及疾病有关。哺乳动物核移植可能导致克隆胚胎及后代中线粒体的杂合性,从而影响到个体的表型甚至导致线粒体疾病。文章阐明了哺乳动物中线粒体的生物学功能及遗传特性,并分析了核移植中供体细胞和受体卵胞质两种来源的线粒体在同种胚胎细胞核移植、同种及异种体细胞核移植重构胚发育进程中的变化以及可能影响线粒体杂合性的一些因素,对其可能导致的线粒体疾病及解决方法进行了简单的阐述。

     

植物KCO基因密码子使用特性

以植物钾离子外排通道（K’channeloutward．rectifier,KCO）基因为研究对象,运用CodonW软件分析了75个植物KCO基因密码子的使用模式,探讨密码子的使用模式和影响密码子使用的各种可能因素。结果表明：碱基组成差异（r=0．961,P〈0．01）和自然选择（r=0．568,P〈0．01）是影响密码子使用的主要因素,并且高表达的基因强烈偏爱使用以G或C结尾的密码子。确定了UUC、CUC等26个均以G／C结尾的密码子为植物KcD基因的高表达优越密码子。     

桃PpNST1和PpSND1转录因子基因的克隆与表达分析

为了解NAC类转录因子与桃果实内果皮发育木质化的关系,本文以桃内果皮为试材,采用同源基因克隆法获得了两个NAC类转录因子的全长编码区,分别命名为PpNST1和PpSND1。序列分析表明2个基因编码区全长均为1188bp,可编码396个氨基酸,其预测蛋白均包含1个NAC结构域和2个特征结构域（LP—box和WQ-box）。氨基酸序列系统进化分析显示PpNST1和PpSND1与苹果、葡萄、毛果杨和拟南芥等参与调控次生细胞壁形成和木质化的NST／SND1类转录因子具有较高同源性。荧光实时定量PCR分析表明,PpNST1和PpSND1的表达水平随内果皮的木质化程度加强而不断升高,分别于盛花期后59和52d达到最高表达量,且它们在内果皮中的表达水平远高于中果皮。对PpNST1和PpSND1下游可能的作用靶标进行进一步的表达分析表明,PpNST1和PpSND1可能在内果皮发育木质化过程中扮演重要角色。     

Hrip1, a novel protein elicitor from necrotrophic fungus,Alternaria tenuissima,elicits cell death,expression of defence‐related genes and systemic acquired resistance in tobacco

Here, we report the identification, purification, characterization and gene cloning of a novel hypersensitive response inducing protein secreted by necrotrophic fungus, Alternaria tenuissima, designated as hypersensitive response inducing protein 1 (Hrip1). The protein caused the formation of necrotic lesions that mimic a typical hypersensitive response and apoptosis‐related events including DNA laddering. The protein‐encoding gene was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. The sequence analysis revealed that the cDNA is 495 bp in length and the open reading frame (ORF) encodes for a polypeptide of 163 amino acids with theoretical pI of 5.50 and molecular weight of 17 562.5 Da. Hrip1 induced calcium influx, medium alkalinization, activation of salicylic acid‐induced protein kinase and several defence‐related genes after infiltration in tobacco leaves. Cellular damage, restricted to the infiltrated zone, occurred only several hours later, at a time when expression of defence‐related genes was activated. After several days, systemic acquired resistance was also induced. The tobacco plant cells that perceived the Hrip1 generated a cascade of signals acting at local, short, and long distances, and caused the coordinated expression of specific defence responses in a way similar to hypersensitivity to tobacco mosaic virus. Thus, Hrip1 represents a powerful tool to investigate further the signals and their transduction pathways involved in induced disease resistance in necrotrophic fungi.     

Physiological dormancy in seeds of two endemic species of Begonia from Yunnan Province,China: diagnosis and classification

With the purpose of assessing the status of dormancy in seeds of two Begonia species (Begonia lithophila and Begonia guishanensis), freshly matured seeds were given gibberellic acid and moist chilling and allowed to dry after ripening. The seeds were then germinated on media with or without KNO₃ at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 18/25°C. All three treatments significantly increased germination percentages. Examination by X‐ray revealed that seeds of both species have a fully developed embryo and thus have no morphological component of dormancy; seeds readily imbibed water and KNO₃ solution. Therefore, we conclude that seeds of the two Begonia species have non‐deep physiological dormancy. Although KNO₃ significantly increased germination in both species, alternating temperatures did not, suggesting that the most favorable microhabitat for germination is small‐scale disturbances under the forest canopy.     

诱导型细胞的研究进展

胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)和诱导型多能干细胞(iPS细胞)的研究进展为生物学基础研究注入了新的活力,然而免疫排斥、致瘤性以及诱导效率低等缺陷制约其进一步快速发展和临床应用．最近,科学家借鉴iPS细胞诱导技术和传统的诱导体系,将终末分化细胞直接诱导为功能性细胞,如心肌细胞、神经细胞和肝脏细胞,称为诱导型细胞．这些研究进展极大地促进了细胞分化、重编程和表观遗传学的研究,也为人类再生医学的研究提供了新的途径．     

绿茎还阳参化学成分的研究

采用柱层析和重结晶从药用植物绿茎还阳参(Crepis lignea)丙酮提取物中分离得到7个单体化合物,并根据化合物的理化性质和波谱分析,分别鉴定为:3β-acetoxyurs-13( 18)-ene (1),lupeol acetate (2),4-hydroxy-3 -methoxycinnamaldehyde (3),(Z)-2-ethylidene-3-methylsuccinic acid (4),olean- 12 -ene-11 α-methoxy-3β-acetate (5),α-amyrin acetate (6)和lupeol-9( 11) en-3β-acetate(7).上述化合物均为首次从绿茎还阳参中分离得到.